Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 17
[2]
M31: The Andromeda Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright: Robert Gendler [3]

Explanation: What is the nearest major galaxy [4] to our own Milky Way Galaxy [5] ? Andromeda. In fact, our Galaxy is thought to look much like Andromeda
[6] . Together these two galaxies dominate the Local Group [7] of galaxies. The diffuse light from Andromeda [8] is caused by the hundreds of billions of star [9] s that compose it. The several distinct stars that surround Andromeda [10] 's image are actually stars in our Galaxy [11] that are well in front of the background object. Andromeda [12] is frequently referred to as M31 since it is the 31st object [13] on Messier [14] 's list of diffuse sky objects.
M31 [15] is so distant it takes about two million years for light to reach us from there. Although visible without aid [16] , the featured image [17] of
M31 is a digital mosaic of 20 frames taken with a small telescope. Much about M31 remains unknown [18] , including exactly how long it will before it collides with our home galaxy [19] .

Jump around the Universe: Random APOD Generator [20]
Tomorrow's picture: bubble trouble?

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[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/m31_gendler_2700.jpg
[3] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/
[4] https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-are-galaxies
[5] http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/rel_milkyway.html
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy
[7] http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/localgr.html
[8] ap180108.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star
[10] ap010917.html
[11] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/285/the-milky-way-galaxy/
[12] http://www.noao.edu/image_gallery/html/im0424.html
[13] ap960626.html
[14] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/history/biograph.html
[15] ap020412.html
[16] ap150817.html
[17] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/M31Page.html
[18] https://youtu.be/U_ZHsk0-eF0?t=1587
[19] ap120604.html
[20] http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/random_apod.html
[21] ap181216.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181217
[31] ap181218.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 18
[2]
Methane Bubbles Frozen in Lake Baikal
Image Credit & Copyright: Kristina Makeeva [3]

Explanation: What are these bubbles frozen into Lake Baikal? Methane [4] .
Lake Baikal, a UNESCO [5] World Heritage Site [6] in Russia [7] , is the world's largest (by volume), oldest, and deepest lake, containing over 20% of the world's fresh water. The lake is also a vast storehouse of methane, a greenhouse gas [8] that, if released, could potentially increase the amount
of infrared light absorbed by Earth's atmosphere [9] , and so increase the average temperature of the entire planet. Fortunately, the amount of methane [10] currently bubbling out [11] is not climatologically important. It is not clear what would happen [12] , though, were temperatures to significantly increase in the region [13] , or if the water level in Lake Baikal [14] were to drop. Pictured [15] , bubbles of rising methane froze [16] during winter into the exceptionally clear ice [17] covering the lake [18] .

Tomorrow's picture: sky searchers

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[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/BaikalBubbles_Makeeva_1000.jpg
[3] https://www.flickr.com/photos/23502952@N03/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect
[9] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/atmosphere/en/
[10]
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 236143909_Sources_and_sinks_of_methane_in_Lake_Baikal_A_synthesis_of_ measurements_and_modeling
[11]
https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2785/ unexpected-future-boost-of-methane-possible-from-arctic-permafrost/
[12] http://arctic-news.blogspot.com/2016/12/lake-baikal.html
[13]
https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/30/ siberian-craters-big-releases-of-methane-could-pose-broad-problems.html
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Baikal
[15]
https://petapixel.com/2017/01/17/ photographing-frozen-baikal-deepest-oldest-lake-earth/
[16] http://www.lakescientist.com/frozen-methane-gas-supports-life-lake-baikal/
[17] https://youtu.be/r_izDyWAid4
[18]
http://siberiantimes.com/ecology/casestudy/features/ f0278-gone-endemic-baikal-sponge-has-died-completely-in-several-areas-of-the- vast-lake/
[19] ap181217.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181218
[29] ap181219.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 19
[2]
A Rainbow Geminid Meteor
Image Credit & Copyright: Dean Rowe [3]

Explanation: Meteors can be colorful. While the human eye [4] usually cannot discern many colors, cameras often can. Pictured is a Geminid [5] captured by camera during last week's meteor shower [6] that was not only impressively bright, but colorful. The radiant grit [7] cast off by asteroid 3200 Phaethon [8] blazed a path across Earth's atmosphere [9] longer than 60 times the angular diameter of the Moon. Colors in meteors [10] usually originate from ionized elements released as the meteor [11] disintegrates, with blue-green typically originating from magnesium [12] , calcium [13] radiating violet, and nickel [14] glowing green. Red, however, typically originates from energized nitrogen [15] and oxygen [16] in the Earth's atmosphere. This bright meteor [17] ic fireball [18] was gone in a flash -- less than a second -- but it left a wind-blown ionization trail [19] that remained visible [20] for several minutes, the start of which can be seen [21] here.

Gallery: Geminid Meteors 2018 [22]
Tomorrow's picture: seven sisters and a comet

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [23] | Archive [24] | Submissions [25] | Index [26] | Search [27] | Calendar
[28] | RSS [29] | Education [30] | About APOD [31] | Discuss [32] | > [33] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [34] (MTU [35] ) & Jerry Bonnell [36]
(UMCP [37] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [38] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [39]
A service of: ASD [40] at NASA [41] / GSFC [42]
& Michigan Tech. U. [43]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/GeminidColors_Rowe_2048.jpg
[3] https://photos.deanrowe.net/
[4]
https://medium.com/photography-secrets/ whats-the-difference-between-a-camera-and-a-human-eye-a006a795b09f
[5] ap131223.html
[6]
https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ everything-you-need-to-know-geminid-meteor-shower
[7]
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/ Meteoroid_meteor_meteorite.gif
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3200_Phaethon
[9] https://scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/earths-atmosphere
[10] https://www.amsmeteors.org/fireballs/faqf/#5
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid#Meteor
[12] https://youtu.be/wqErrNvns4o
[13] https://periodic.lanl.gov/20.shtml
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel
[15] https://youtu.be/0kMqRhJ_A0c
[16] https://youtu.be/qERdL8uHSgI
[17]
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/ meteors-and-meteorites/in-depth/
[18] https://www.amsmeteors.org/fireballs/faqf/
[19] https://youtu.be/KJpQTL6V_WI
[20] ap180817.html
[21]
https://previews.123rf.com/images/oksun70/oksun701208/oksun70120800077/ 14849477-charming-cat-kitten-looking-up.jpg
[22]
https://www.facebook.com/pg/APOD.Sky/photos/ ?tab=album&album_id=1700269136743965
[23] ap181218.html
[24] archivepix.html
[25] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[26] lib/aptree.html
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[28] calendar/allyears.html
[29] /apod.rss
[30] lib/edlinks.html
[31] lib/about_apod.html
[32] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181219
[33] ap181220.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[36] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[37] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[38] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[40] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[43] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 20
[2]
Red Nebula, Green Comet, Blue Stars
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Tom Masterson [4] (Grand Mesa Observatory [5] )

Explanation: This festively colored skyscape [6] was captured in the early morning hours of December 17, following Comet Wirtanen's [7] closest approach [8] to planet Earth [9] . The comet was just visible to the eye. The lovely green color of its fluorescing cometary atmosphere or coma is brought out here only by adding digital exposures registered on the comet's position below the Pleiades star cluster. The exposures also bring out blue starlight reflected
by the dust clouds surrounding the young Pleiades stars. Gaze (toward the
left) across dusty dark nebulae along the edge of the Perseus molecular cloud and you'll travel to emission nebula [10] NGC 1499, also known as the California nebula. Too faint [11] for the eye, the cosmic cloud's pronounced reddish glow is from electrons recombining with ionized hydrogen atoms. Around December 23rd, Comet Wirtanen should be easy to find with binoculars [12] when it sweeps close to bright star Capella in the northern winter constellation Auriga, the Charioteer.

Tomorrow's picture: solstice celebrating

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/M45-CaliNeb-46P-TomMasterson-GrandMesaObservatory.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.flickr.com/people/112501172@N04/
[5] https://grandmesaobservatory.com/
[6] https://www.flickr.com/photos/transientastro/45446924345/
[7] ap181115.html
[8] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/ see-a-passing-comet-this-sunday
[9] ap181216.html
[10] ap131122.html
[11] ap090411.html
[12] https://earthsky.org/space/ 46p-wirtanen-possibly-visible-to-eye-dec-2018
[13] ap181219.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181220
[23] ap181221.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 21
[2]
Extraordinary Solar Halos
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Magnus Edback [4]

Explanation: Welcome to the December Solstice, the first day of winter in planet Earth's northern hemisphere and summer in the south. To celebrate, consider this extraordinary display of beautiful solar ice halos! More common than rainbows [5] , simple ice halos can be easy to spot, especially if you
can shade your eyes from direct sunlight. Still it's extremely rare to see anything close to the complex of halos [6] present in this astounding scene. Captured at lunchtime [7] on a cold December 14 near Utendal, Sweden the image includes the relatively ordinary 22 degree halo, sundogs (parhelia) and sun pillars. The extensive array of rarer halos [8] has been identified along
with previously unknown features. All the patterns are generated as sunlight (or moonlight) [9] is reflected and refracted in flat six-sided water ice crystals in Earth's atmosphere. In this case, likely local contributors to the atmospheric ice crystals are snow making machines operating at at nearby ski center.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/IMG_8741_cSunHaloEdback2048.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.astrobin.com/users/Magnusedback/
[5] https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ 2002/24oct_sunrings
[6] https://www.atoptics.co.uk/halosim.htm
[7] http://www.thehalovault.org/2018/12/ complex-halo-display-borlange-sweden.html
[8] https://www.atoptics.co.uk/fza164.htm
[9] ap150403.html
[10] ap181220.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181221
[20] ap181222.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 22
[2]
A Cold December Night
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Petr Horalek [4]

Explanation: They say Orion always comes up sideways [5] , and he does seem to on this cold December night. The bright stars of the familiar northern winter constellation lie just above the snowy tree tops surrounding a cozy cottage near the town of Ustupky in the Czech Republic. But Gemini's meteors also seem to rain on the wintry landscape. The meteor streaks are captured in exposures made near last Friday's peak of the annual Geminid meteor shower [6] . They stream away from the shower's radiant above the trees, near the two bright stars of the zodiacal constellation of the Twins. Comet Wirtanen, a visitor to planet Earth's skies, is visible too. Look for its telltale greenish coma [7] near the stars [8] of the seven sisters.

Tomorrow's picture: when the Earth rises

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [9] | Archive [10] | Submissions [11] | Index [12] | Search [13] | Calendar
[14] | RSS [15] | Education [16] | About APOD [17] | Discuss [18] | > [19] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [20] (MTU [21] ) & Jerry Bonnell [22]
(UMCP [23] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [24] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [25]
A service of: ASD [26] at NASA [27] / GSFC [28]
& Michigan Tech. U. [29]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/2018_12_14_Geminidy_Chata-met_cut_1500px.png
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.astronom.cz/horalek/?page_id=20
[5] https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44273/ the-star-splitter
[6] ap181215.html
[7] ap181220.html
[8] ap031227.html
[9] ap181221.html
[10] archivepix.html
[11] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[12] lib/aptree.html
[13] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[14] calendar/allyears.html
[15] /apod.rss
[16] lib/edlinks.html
[17] lib/about_apod.html
[18] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181222
[19] ap181223.html
[20] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[22] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[23] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[24] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[25] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[26] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[29] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 23
Earthrise: A Video Reconstruction
Image Credit: NASA [2] , SVS [3] , Apollo 8 [4] Crew;
Lead Animator: Ernie Wright [5] ; (USRA [6] ); Music: C Major Prelude [7] by
Johann Sebastian Bach [8]

Explanation: About 12 seconds into this video, something unusual happens. The Earth begins to rise. Never seen by humans before, the rise of the Earth [9] over the limb of the Moon occurred 50 years ago tomorrow and surprised and amazed the crew of Apollo 8 [10] . The crew immediately scrambled [11] to
take still images of the stunning vista [12] caused by Apollo 8 [13] 's orbit around the Moon. The featured video [14] is a modern reconstruction of the event [15] as it would have looked were it recorded with a modern movie camera. The colorful orb of our Earth [16] stood out as a familiar icon
rising [17] above a distant and unfamiliar moonscape [18] , the whole scene the conceptual reverse of a more familiar moonrise [19] as seen from Earth.
To many, the scene also spoke about the unity of humanity: that big blue
marble [20] -- that's us -- we all live there. The two-minute video [21] is not time-lapse -- this is the real speed of the Earth rising through the windows of Apollo 8 [22] . Seven months and three missions later, Apollo 11 [23] astronauts would not only circle Earth's moon, but land on it [24] .

Tomorrow's picture: earthrise remastered

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [25] | Archive [26] | Submissions [27] | Index [28] | Search [29] | Calendar
[30] | RSS [31] | Education [32] | About APOD [33] | Discuss [34] | > [35] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [36] (MTU [37] ) & Jerry Bonnell [38]
(UMCP [39] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [40] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [41]
A service of: ASD [42] at NASA [43] / GSFC [44]
& Michigan Tech. U. [45]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] https://www.nasa.gov/
[3] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo8.html
[5] https://gestar.usra.edu/about-gestar/directory/?uname=EWright
[6] https://www.usra.edu/
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_and_Fugue_in_C_major,_BWV_846
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach
[9] ap150906.html
[10] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo-8.html
[11] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/home/earthrise.html
[12]
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/ 297755main_gpn-2001-000009_full_0_0.jpg
[13]
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/ moon-apollo-8-insider-stories/
[14] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=4593
[15] https://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/launches-and-events/events-calendar/2018/ december/event-earthrise-50th-anniversary-celebration
[16] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/overview/
[17] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4129
[18] ap031109.html
[19] ap170616.html
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Marble
[21] https://youtu.be/1R5QqhPq1Ik
[22] https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/21/science/earthrise-moon-apollo-nasa.html
[23] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html
[24] ap981004.html
[25] ap181222.html
[26] archivepix.html
[27] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[28] lib/aptree.html
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[30] calendar/allyears.html
[31] /apod.rss
[32] lib/edlinks.html
[33] lib/about_apod.html
[34] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181223
[35] ap181224.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[37] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[38] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[39] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[40] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[42] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/
[44] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[45] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 24
[2]
Earthrise 1: Historic Image Remastered
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Apollo 8 [4] Crew, Bill Anders [5] ; Processing and
License [6] : Jim Weigang

Explanation: "Oh my God! Look at that picture over there! Here's the Earth coming up. Wow is that pretty!" Soon after that pronouncement [7] , 50 years ago today, one of the most famous images ever taken [8] was snapped from the orbit of the Moon [9] . Now known as "Earthrise [10] ", the iconic image shows the Earth rising above the limb of the Moon, as taken by the crew [11] of Apollo 8 [12] . But the well-known Earthrise [13] image was actually the second image [14] taken of the Earth rising [15] above the lunar limb -- it was just the first in color. With modern digital technology, however, the real first Earthrise image -- originally in black and white -- has now been remastered [16] to have the combined resolution and color of the first [17] three [18] images [19] . Behold! The featured image [20] is a close-up of the picture that Apollo 8 astronaut Bill Anders [21] was talking about [22] . Thanks to modern technology and human ingenuity [23] , now we can all see it. (Historical note: A different historic black & white image of the Earth setting<a/> behind the lunar limb was taken [25] by the robotic Lunar Orbiter 1 [26] two years earlier.)

Tomorrow's picture: hubble wreath

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[32] | RSS [33] | Education [34] | About APOD [35] | Discuss [36] | > [37] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [38] (MTU [39] ) & Jerry Bonnell [40]
(UMCP [41] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [42] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [43]
A service of: ASD [44] at NASA [45] / GSFC [46]
& Michigan Tech. U. [47]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/Earthrise1_Apollo8AndersWeigang_2048.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo8.html
[5] https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/anders-wa.html
[6] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
[7] https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap08fj/16day4_orbit4.html
[8] http://100photos.time.com/photos/nasa-earthrise-apollo-8
[9] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrise
[11]
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ who-took-legendary-earthrise-photo-apollo-8-180967505/
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo8.html
[13] ap150906.html
[14] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=4593
[15] ap181223.html
[16] https://jw9c.blogspot.com/2018/01/earthrise-1.html
[17] https://archive.org/details/as08-13-2329
[18] https://archive.org/details/as08-14-2383
[19] https://archive.org/details/as08-14-2384
[20] https://photos.app.goo.gl/OinnT83WZE7TSW3K2
[21]
https://www.universetoday.com/13804/ apollo-8-astronaut-bill-anders-reflects-on-earthrise-picture/
[22] https://www.celebrateearthriseday.com/bill-anders/
[23] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E96EPhqT-ds
[24] ap160827.html
[25]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthrise#/media/ File:First_View_of_Earth_from_Moon_-_reprocessed_wide.jpg
[26] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/lunar-orbiter-1/in-depth/
[27] ap181223.html
[28] archivepix.html
[29] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[30] lib/aptree.html
[31] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[32] calendar/allyears.html
[33] /apod.rss
[34] lib/edlinks.html
[35] lib/about_apod.html
[36] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181224
[37] ap181225.html
[38] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[40] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[41] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[42] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[44] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[45] https://www.nasa.gov/
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[47] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 25
[2]
M100: A Grand Design Spiral Galaxy
Image Credit: NASA [3] , ESA [4] , Hubble [5]

Explanation: Majestic on a truly cosmic scale, M100 is appropriately known as
a grand design [6] spiral galaxy. It is a large galaxy of over 100 billion stars with well-defined spiral arms that is similar to our own Milky Way
Galaxy [7] . One of the brightest members of the Virgo Cluster [8] of galaxies, M100 [9] (alias NGC 4321) is 56 million light-years distant toward the constellation of Berenice's Hair (Coma Berenices [10] ). This [11] Hubble Space [12] Telescope image of M100 was taken recently with the Wide Field Camera 3 [13] and accentuates bright blue star clusters [14] and intricate winding dust lanes [15] which are hallmarks of this class of galaxies.
Studies of variable stars in M100 [16] have played an important role in determining the size and age of the Universe [17] .

Tomorrow's picture: space lobster

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[23] | RSS [24] | Education [25] | About APOD [26] | Discuss [27] | > [28] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [29] (MTU [30] ) & Jerry Bonnell [31]
(UMCP [32] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [33] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [34]
A service of: ASD [35] at NASA [36] / GSFC [37]
& Michigan Tech. U. [38]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/M100_HubbleWfc3_3679.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.esa.int/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/index.html
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_design_spiral_galaxy
[7] http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/glimpse360/wwt
[8] ap110422.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_100
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coma_Berenices
[11] https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/potw1850a/
[12] http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/
[13] https://www.spacetelescope.org/about/general/instruments/wfc3/
[14] open_clusters.html
[15] ap140726.html
[16] http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~juda/ism/m100.html
[17] http://apod.nasa.gov/debate/debate96.html
[18] ap181224.html
[19] archivepix.html
[20] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[21] lib/aptree.html
[22] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[23] calendar/allyears.html
[24] /apod.rss
[25] lib/edlinks.html
[26] lib/about_apod.html
[27] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181225
[28] ap181226.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[31] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[32] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[33] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[35] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[38] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 26
[2]
NGC 6357: The Lobster Nebula
Image Credit: Dean Carr [3]

Explanation: Why is the Lobster Nebula forming some of the most massive stars known? No one is yet sure [4] . Cataloged as NGC 6357, the Lobster Nebula houses the open star cluster Pismis 24 [5] near its center -- a home to unusually bright and massive stars. The overall blue glow [6] near the inner star forming region results from the emission [7] of ionized [8] hydrogen [9]
gas. The surrounding nebula, featured here [10] , holds a complex tapestry of gas, dark dust [11] , stars still forming, and newly born stars. The intricate patterns are caused by complex interactions between interstellar winds [12] , radiation pressures [13] , magnetic fields [14] , and gravity [15] . NGC 6357 spans about 400 light years and lies about 8,000 light years [16] away toward the constellation of the Scorpion [17] .

Free Download: 2019 APOD Calendar (v5) [18]
Tomorrow's picture: hole of the key

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [19] | Archive [20] | Submissions [21] | Index [22] | Search [23] | Calendar
[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/Lobster_Carr_3954.jpg
[3] https://www.astrobin.com/users/dean.carr/
[4] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A%26A...573A..95M
[5] ap160327.html
[6] http://bf-astro.com/hubblep.htm
[7] emission_nebulae.html
[8] http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Chemical/ionize.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen
[10] https://www.astrobin.com/330823/H/
[11] ap060409.html
[12]
https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2009/11/17/ dust-in-the-interstellar-wind/
[13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pressure
[14] http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/whmfield.html
[15] https://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_gr.html
[16] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/cosmic_distance.html
[17] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/constellations/scorpius.html
[18] https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1812/ApodCalendar2019v4_Dave.pdf
[19] ap181225.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181226
[29] ap181227.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 27
[2]
The Great Carina Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Maicon Germiniani [4]

Explanation: A jewel of the southern sky, the Great Carina Nebula [5] , also known as NGC 3372, spans over 300 light-years, one of our galaxy's [6]
largest star forming regions. Like the smaller, more northerly Great Orion Nebula [7] , the Carina Nebula is easily visible to the unaided eye, though at a distance of 7,500 light-years it is some 5 times farther away. This gorgeous telescopic close-up [8] reveals remarkable details of the region's central glowing filaments of interstellar gas [9] and obscuring cosmic dust [10] clouds. The field of view is over 50 light-years across. The Carina Nebula is home to young, extremely massive stars, including the stars of open cluster Trumpler 14 [11] (above and left of center) and the still enigmatic variable Eta Carinae [12] , a star with well over 100 times the mass of the Sun. Eta Carinae is the brightest [13] star, centered here just below the dusty
Keyhole Nebula [14] (NGC 3324). While Eta Carinae itself maybe on the verge
of a supernova explosion, X-ray images indicate that the Great Carina Nebula has been a veritable supernova factory [15] .

Tomorrow's picture: majestic island universe

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [16] | Archive [17] | Submissions [18] | Index [19] | Search [20] | Calendar
[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/CarinaNebulaGerminiani.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.flickr.com/photos/147696734@N04/
[5] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n3372.html
[6] ap110520.html
[7] ap090826.html
[8] https://www.flickr.com/photos/147696734@N04/25925957367/
[9] http://www-ssg.sr.unh.edu/ism/what1.html
[10] ap100919.html
[11] https://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1601/
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_Carinae
[13] http://heritage.stsci.edu/2007/16/supplemental.html
[14] ap060316.html
[15] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/carina/
[16] ap181226.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181227
[26] ap181228.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A40 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 28
[2]
NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Martin Pugh

Explanation: Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 is truly a majestic island universe [4] some 200,000 light-years across. Located a mere 60 million light-years away toward the chemical constellation Fornax [5] , NGC 1365 is a dominant member [6] of the well-studied Fornax galaxy cluster [7] . This impressively sharp color image [8] shows intense star forming regions at the ends of the bar and along the spiral arms, and details of dust lanes cutting across the galaxy's bright core. At the core lies a supermassive black hole. Astronomers think NGC 1365's [9] prominent bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution [10] , drawing gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the central black hole [11] .

Tomorrow's picture: beyond the known world

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Index [15] | Search [16] | Calendar
[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/NGC1365_HaLRGBpugh.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] ap100109.html
[5] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/for/index.html
[6] ap160611.html
[7] http://heritage.stsci.edu/2005/09/supplemental.html
[8] https://www.martinpughastrophotography.space/ngc1365
[9] http://arxiv.org/abs/0907.2602
[10] http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/ 1999/34/
[11] http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/ 2000/22
[12] ap181227.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181228
[22] ap181229.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 29
[2]
New Horizons at Ultima Thule
Illustration Credit: Carlos Hernandez for NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins Univ./APL
[4] , Southwest Research Institute [5]

Explanation: When we celebrate the start of 2019, on January 1 the New
Horizons spacecraft [6] will flyby Ultima Thule [7] . A world of the Kuiper belt [8] 6.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, the nickname Ultima Thule [9] (catalog designation 2014 MU69) fittingly means "beyond the known world". Following its 2015 flyby of Pluto [10] , New Horizons was targeted for this journey, attempting the most distant flyby for a spacecraft from Earth by approaching Ultima Thule to within about 3500 kilometers. The tiny world
itself is about 30 kilometers in size. This year, an observing campaign with Earth-based telescopes [11] determined the shape of the object to be a contact binary or a close binary sytem as in this artist's illustration. New Horizons will [12] image close up its unexplored surface in the dim light of the distant Sun.

Tomorrow's picture: galaxy tree

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/NewHorizonsApproachesMU69_1024.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/ nasa-announces-media-activities-for-new-horizons-new-year-s-kuiper-belt-flyby
[8] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/ overview/
[9] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Ultima/Ultima-Thule.php
[10] ap150918.html
[11] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/ News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20180731
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/main/ index.html
[13] ap181228.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181229
[23] ap181230.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 December 31
[2]
The Witch Head Nebula
Image Credit & Copyright: Digitized Sky Survey [3] (POSS II); Processing:
Utkarsh Mishra [4]

Explanation: Double, double toil and trouble; [5] Fire burn, and cauldron bubble .... maybe Macbeth should have consulted the Witch Head Nebula. A frighteningly shaped reflection nebula [6] , this cosmic crone is about 800 light-years away though. Its malevolent visage seems to glare toward nearby bright star Rigel in Orion [7] , just off the right edge of this frame. More formally known as IC 2118, the interstellar cloud [8] of dust and gas is nearly 70 light-years across, its dust grains reflecting Rigel's starlight. In this composite portrait [9] , the nebula's color is caused not only by the star's intense bluish light but because the dust grains scatter blue light
[10] more efficiently than red. The same physical process causes Earth's daytime sky to appear blue [11] , although the scatterers in planet Earth's atmosphere are molecules of nitrogen and oxygen.

Free Download: 2019 APOD Calendar (v5) [12]
Tomorrow's picture: galaxy hat

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1812/WitchHeadNebula_Mishra_2725.jpg
[3] http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/copyright.html
[4] https://www.flickr.com/photos/163350986@N06/
[5] http://www.potw.org/archive/potw283.html
[6] ap011228.html
[7] ap150316.html
[8] http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.0241
[9] https://www.flickr.com/photos/163350986@N06/45335453644/in/dateposted-public
[10] http://leo.astronomy.cz/mix/mix.html
[11] http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/ BlueSky/blue_sky.html
[12] https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1812/ApodCalendar2019v5_Dave.pdf
[13] ap181230.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=181231
[23] ap190101.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 1
[2]
The Sombrero Galaxy in Infrared
Image Credit: R. Kennicutt [3] (Steward Obs. [4] ) et al., SSC [5] , JPL [6] ,
Caltech [7] , NASA [8]

Explanation: This floating ring is the size of a galaxy. In fact, it is a galaxy -- or at least part of one: the photogenic Sombrero Galaxy [9] , one of the largest galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies [10] . The dark band of dust [11] that obscures the mid-section of the Sombrero Galaxy [12]
in optical light actually glows brightly in infrared light. The featured image [13] , digitally sharpened, shows the infrared [14] glow, recently recorded by the orbiting Spitzer Space Telescope [15] , superposed in false-color on an existing [16] image taken by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope [17] in optical light. The Sombrero [18] Galaxy, also known as M104 [19] , spans about 50,000 light years [20] across and lies 28 million light years away. M104 [21] can
be seen with a small telescope in the direction of the constellation Virgo
[22] .

Free Download: 2019 APOD Calendar (v5) [23]
Tomorrow's picture: infrared hunter

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/sombrero_spitzer_3000.jpg
[3] http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~robk/
[4] http://www.as.arizona.edu/
[5] http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/
[6] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[7] http://www.caltech.edu/
[8] https://www.nasa.gov/
[9] http://messier.seds.org/m/m104.html
[10] ap050213.html
[11] ap030706.html
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero_galaxy
[13]
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/ 1419-ssc2005-11a-Spitzer-Spies-Spectacular-Sombrero
[14] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/07_infraredwaves
[15] http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/mission/32-The-Mission
[16] ap031008.html
[17] ap021124.html
[18] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sombrero
[19] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBB2xQe8nMw
[20]
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html
[21] ap070505.html
[22] http://maps.seds.org/Stars_en/Fig/virgo.html
[23] https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1812/ApodCalendar2019v5_Dave.pdf
[24] ap181231.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190101
[34] ap190102.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 2
[2]
The Orion Nebula in Infrared from WISE
Image Credit: WISE [3] , IRSA [4] , NASA [5] ; Processing & Copyright :
Francesco Antonucci [6]

Explanation: The Great Nebula in Orion is an intriguing place. Visible to the unaided eye, it appears as a small fuzzy patch [7] in the constellation of Orion [8] . But this image [9] , an illusory-color four-panel mosaic taken in different bands of infrared light [10] with the Earth orbiting WISE observatory [11] , shows the Orion Nebula [12] to be a bustling neighborhood [13] of recently formed stars, hot gas, and dark dust. The power behind much of the Orion Nebula [14] (M42) is the stars of the Trapezium [15] star cluster, seen near the center of the featured image [16] . The orange glow surrounding the bright stars pictured here is their own starlight reflected [17] by intricate dust filaments [18] that cover much of the region [19] .
The current Orion Nebula cloud complex [20] , which includes [21] the Horsehead Nebula [22] , will slowly disperse over the next 100,000 years.

Free Download: 2019 APOD Calendar (v5) [23]
Tomorrow's picture: open space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/orionred_WISEantonucci_1824.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/main/
[4] https://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/Missions/wise.html
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/
[6] mailto: francesco .dot. antonucci @at@ fastwebnet .dot. it
[7] ap030207.html
[8] http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~dolan/constellations/ constellations/Orion.html
[9] http://www.astrobin.com/141393/0/
[10] http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/
[11] http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/WISE/mission/index.html
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_Nebula
[13] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-046
[14] ap120715.html
[15] ap050710.html
[16] http://www.astrobin.com/141393/0/
[17] ap120215.html
[18] ap120612.html
[19] ap980612.html
[20] ap101023.html
[21] ap141111.html
[22] ap140728.html
[23] https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1812/ApodCalendar2019v5_Dave.pdf
[24] ap190101.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190102
[34] ap190103.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 3
[2]
Ultima and Thule
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins University APL [4] , Southwest Research
Institute [5]

Explanation: On January 1 New Horizons encountered [6] the Kuiper Belt object nicknamed Ultima Thule. Some 6.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, Ultima Thule is the most distant world ever explored by a spacecraft from Earth. This historic image [7] , the highest resolution image released so far, was made at a range of about 28,000 kilometers only 30 minutes before the New Horizons closest approach. Likely the result of a gentle collision [8] shortly after the birth of the Solar System, Ultima Thule is revealed to be a contact
binary, two connected sphere-like shapes held in contact by mutual gravity. Dubbed separately by the science team Ultima and Thule, the larger lobe Ultima is about 19 kilometers in diameter. Smaller Thule is 14 kilometers across.

News: New Horizons science results briefing. [9]
Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/20190102UltimaThule-pr.png
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] https://twitter.com/newhorizons2015
[7] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/ News-Article.php?page=20190102
[8] https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00006-2
[9] https://www.nasa.gov/nasalive
[10] ap190102.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190103
[20] ap190104.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 3
[2]
Ultima Thule Rotation Gif
Image Credit: NASA [3] , Johns Hopkins University APL [4] , Southwest Research
Institute [5]

Explanation: Ultima Thule [6] is the most distant world explored by a spacecraft from Earth. In the dim light 6.5 billion kilometers from the Sun, the New Horizons spacecraft captured these two frames 38 minutes apart as it sped toward the Kuiper belt world [7] on January 1 at 51,000 kilometers per hour. A contact binary [8] , the two lobes of Ultima Thule rotate together
once every 15 hours or so. Shown as a blinking gif [9] , the rotation between the frames produces a tantalizing 3D perspective of the most primitive world ever seen. Dubbed separately by the science team Ultima and Thule, the larger lobe Ultima, is about 19 kilometers in diameter. Smaller Thule is 14
kilometers across.

Tomorrow's picture: on the Far Side

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/UT-blink_3d_a.gif
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] http://www.swri.edu/
[6] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/ News-Article.php?page=20190103
[7] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/ overview/
[8] https://twitter.com/newhorizons2015
[9] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Galleries/Featured-Images/ image.php?page=1&gallery_id=2&image_id=579
[10] ap190102.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190103
[20] ap190104.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 5
[2]
Yutu 2 on the Farside
Image Credit: Chinese National Space Administration [3]

Explanation: On January 3 [4] , the Chinese Chang'e-4 spacecraft made the
first successful landing on the Moon's farside [5] . Taken by a camera on
board the lander, this image is [6] from the landing site inside Von Karman crater. It shows the desksized, six-wheeled Yutu 2 [7] (Jade Rabbit 2) rover
as it rolled down lander ramps and across the surface near local sunrise and the start of the two week long lunar day. Ripe for exploration, Von Karman crater [8] itself is 186 kilometers in diameter. It lies within [9] the Moon's old and deep South Pole-Aitken impact basin with some of the most ancient and least understood lunar terrains. To bridge communications from the normally hidden [10] hemisphere of the Moon, China launched a relay satellite, Queqiao [11] , in May of 2018 in to an orbit beyond the lunar farside.

Tomorrow's picture: stars and lasers

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Index [15] | Search [16] | Calendar
[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Jan3yutu2CNSA.jpg
[3] http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/
[4] https://earthsky.org/space/ china-change-4-spacecraft-landing-moon-far-side
[5] ap161230.html
[6] http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/n6759533/c6805052/content.html
[7] ap131216.html
[8] http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/posts/1082
[9] http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/CosmoSparks/Sept18/ Moon-VonKarmanCrater.html
[10] ap001021.html
[11] https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/ display.action?id=QUEQIAO
[12] ap190104.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190105
[22] ap190106.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 6
[2]
A Laser Strike at the Galactic Center
Image Credit: Yuri Beletsky [3] (Carnegie [4] Las Campanas Observatory [5] ,
TWAN [6] ), ESO [7]

Explanation: Why are these people shooting a powerful laser into the center of our Galaxy? Fortunately, this is not meant to be the first step in a Galactic war [8] . Rather, astronomers at the Very Large Telescope [9] (VLT) site in Chile [10] are trying to measure the distortions of Earth's ever changing atmosphere [11] . Constant imaging of high-altitude atoms excited by the laser [12] -- which appear like an artificial star [13] -- allow astronomers to instantly measure atmospheric blurring [14] . This information is fed back to
a VLT telescope mirror [15] which is then slightly deformed [16] to minimize this blurring. In this case [17] , a VLT was observing our Galaxy's center
[18] , and so Earth's atmospheric blurring in that direction was needed. As
for inter-galaxy warfare, when viewed from our Galaxy's center [19] , no casualties are expected. In fact, the light from this powerful laser [20]
would combine with light from our Sun [21] to together appear only as bright [22] as a faint and distant star.

APOD in other languages: Arabic [23] , Catalan [24] , Chinese [25] (Beijing),
Chinese [26] (Taiwan), Croatian [27] , Czech [28] , Dutch [29] , German [30]
, French [31] ,
French [32] , Hebrew [33] , Indonesian [34] , Japanese [35] , Korean [36] ,
Montenegrin [37] , Polish [38] , Russian [39] , Serbian [40] , Slovenian [41]
and Spanish [42]
Tomorrow's picture: busy bull

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [43] | Archive [44] | Submissions [45] | Index [46] | Search [47] | Calendar
[48] | RSS [49] | Education [50] | About APOD [51] | Discuss [52] | > [53] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [54] (MTU [55] ) & Jerry Bonnell [56]
(UMCP [57] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [58] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [59]
A service of: ASD [60] at NASA [61] / GSFC [62]
& Michigan Tech. U. [63]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/vltlaser_beletsky_1400.jpg
[3] https://www.instagram.com/yuribeletsky/
[4] http://carnegiescience.edu/
[5] http://www.lco.cl/
[6] http://www.twanight.org/
[7] https://www.eso.org/
[8] https://youtu.be/nohQReM7BpI
[9] ap000707.html
[10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile
[11] ap000725.html
[12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y3SBSbsdiYg
[13] ap050207.html
[14] http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu/optics/lgsao/lgsbasics.html
[15] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_test
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_optics
[17] https://www.eso.org/public/images/potw1036a/
[18] ap180729.html
[19] ap050403.html
[20] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66aVXk5jSn8
[21] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/overview/
[22] ap160926.html
[23] http://www.apodar.com/
[24] http://www.apod.cat/
[25] http://www.bjp.org.cn/apod/today.html
[26] http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw/astrolab/mirrors/apod/ apod.html
[27] http://www.apod.rs/Croatia.html
[28] http://www.astro.cz/apod/
[29] http://www.apod.nl/
[30] http://www.starobserver.org/
[31] http://www.cidehom.com/apod.php
[32] https://www.apod.tv/
[33] http://www.astronomia2009.org.il/info/apod/apod.htm
[34] http://apod.infoastronomy.org/
[35] http://home.u05.itscom.net/apodjpn/apodj/apodj0.htm
[36] http://wouldyoulike.org/apod/
[37] http://www.apod.rs/Montenegro.html
[38] http://apod.pl/apod/
[39] http://www.astronet.ru/db/apod.html
[40] http://www.apod.rs/
[41] http://apod.fmf.uni-lj.si/
[42] http://observatorio.info/
[43] ap190105.html
[44] archivepix.html
[45] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[46] lib/aptree.html
[47] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[48] calendar/allyears.html
[49] /apod.rss
[50] lib/edlinks.html
[51] lib/about_apod.html
[52] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190106
[53] ap190107.html
[54] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[55] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[56] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[57] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[58] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[59] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[60] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[61] https://www.nasa.gov/
[62] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[63] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 7
[2]
Stars, Meteors, and a Comet in Taurus
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Juan Carlos Casado [4] (TWAN [5] , Earth and
Stars [6] )

Explanation: This was an unusual night to look in the direction of the Bull. The constellation Taurus [7] is always well known for hosting two bright star clusters -- the Pleaides [8] , visible on the right, and the comparatively diffuse Hyades [9] , visible on the left. This night last month, however, was atypically the peak of the Geminid meteor shower [10] , and so several meteors were caught shooting through the constellation with parallel trails [11] .
More unusually still, Comet Wirtanen [12] was drifting through the constellation, here appearing near the image bottom surrounded by a greenish coma. The comet [13] was near its brightest as it sped past [14] the Earth. The orange star on the upper left is Aldebaran [15] , considered to be the eye of the Bull. Aldebaran is the brightest star in Taurus and the 15th brightest star [16] in the sky. The featured image is a combination of nearly 800 exposures taken from the Spanish [17] village Albany� [18] .

Follow APOD on: Instagram [19] , Facebook [20] , Reddit [21] , or Twitter [22]

Tomorrow's picture: high energy sky

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [23] | Archive [24] | Submissions [25] | Index [26] | Search [27] | Calendar
[28] | RSS [29] | Education [30] | About APOD [31] | Discuss [32] | > [33] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [34] (MTU [35] ) & Jerry Bonnell [36]
(UMCP [37] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [38] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [39]
A service of: ASD [40] at NASA [41] / GSFC [42]
& Michigan Tech. U. [43]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Geminids46P_jcc_2000.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.twanight.org/casado
[5] http://www.twanight.org
[6] http://starryearth.com/
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_(constellation)
[8] ap150617.html
[9] ap121224.html
[10] ap171222.html
[11]
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/basic-geo/basic-geo-angle/ angles-between-lines/e/parallel_lines_1
[12] http://www.cometwatch.co.uk/comet-46p-wirtanen/
[13] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/asteroids-comets-and-meteors/comets/in-depth/
[14] ap181216.html
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldebaran
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_brightest_stars
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain
[18] https://youtu.be/zIIR23JzfXE
[19] https://www.instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily/
[20] https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay
[21] https://www.reddit.com/r/apod
[22] http://twitter.com/apod/
[23] ap190106.html
[24] archivepix.html
[25] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[26] lib/aptree.html
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[28] calendar/allyears.html
[29] /apod.rss
[30] lib/edlinks.html
[31] lib/about_apod.html
[32] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190107
[33] ap190108.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[36] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[37] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[38] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[40] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[43] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 8
HESS Telescopes Explore the High-Energy Sky
Video Credit & Copyright: Vikas Chander [2] , H.E.S.S. Collaboration [3] ;
Music: Emotive Piano by Immersive Music [4]

Explanation: They may look like modern mechanical dinosaurs but they are enormous swiveling eyes that watch the sky. The High Energy Stereoscopic
System (H.E.S.S.) Observatory [5] is composed of four 12-meter reflecting-mirror telescopes surrounding a larger telescope [6] housing a 28-meter mirror. They are designed to detect strange flickers of blue light -- Cherenkov radiation [7] --emitted when charged particles [8] move slightly faster than the speed of light [9] in air. This light is emitted when a gamma ray [10] from a distant source strikes a molecule in Earth's atmosphere and starts a charged-particle shower [11] . H.E.S.S. [12] is sensitive to some of the highest energy photons (TeV [13] ) crossing the universe. Operating since 2003 in Namibia [14] , H.E.S.S. has searched for dark matter [15] and has discovered over 50 sources [16] emitting high energy radiation including supernova remnants [17] and the centers of galaxies [18] that contain supermassive black holes [19] . Pictured last September, H.E.S.S. telescopes swivel and stare in time-lapse sequences [20] shot in front of our Milky Way Galaxy [21] and the Magellanic Clouds [22] -- as the occasional Earth-orbiting satellite zips by.

Open Science: Browse 1,800+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library [23]

Tomorrow's picture: forgotten stars

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[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] https://www.flickr.com/people/166147883@N04/
[3] https://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/pages/collaboration/
[4] https://www.premiumbeat.com/artist/immersive-music
[5] https://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/pages/about/telescopes/
[6] ap120727.html
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_particle
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light
[10] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/12_gammarays
[11] ap060814.html
[12] https://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/HESS/pages/about/
[13]
https://scienceblogs.com/builtonfacts/2013/11/27/ how-often-does-the-sun-emit-1-tev-photons
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia
[15]
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/ what-is-dark-matter.html
[16] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A%26A...612A...1H
[17] ap170518.html
[18] ap180729.html
[19] https://apod.nasa.gov/htmltest/rjn_bht.html
[20] https://vimeo.com/302897067
[21] ap180427.html
[22] ap160725.html
[23] http://ascl.net/code/all
[24] ap190107.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190108
[34] ap190109.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 9
[2]
Quadrantids
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Daniel Lopez (El Cielo de Canarias [4] )

Explanation: Named for a forgotten constellation [5] , the Quadrantid Meteor Shower [6] is an annual event for planet Earth's northern hemisphere skygazers It usually peaks briefly in the cold, early morning hours of January 4. The shower's radiant on the sky [7] lies within the old, astronomically obsolete constellation Quadrans Muralis [8] . That position is situated near the boundaries of the modern constellations Hercules, Bootes, and Draco. About 30 Quadrantid meteors can be counted in this skyscape composed of digital frames recorded in dark and moonless skies between 2:30am and local dawn. The
shower's radiant is rising just to the right of the Canary Island of
Tenerife's Teide volcano, and just below the familiar stars of the Big Dipper on the northern sky. A likely source of the dust stream that produces Quadrantid meteors was identified in 2003 as an asteroid [9] . Look carefully and you can also spot a small, telltale greenish coma above the volcanic peak and near the top of the frame. That's the 2018 Christmas visitor to planet Earth's skies, Comet Wirtanen [10] .

Tomorrow's picture: southern sails

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Cuadrantidas30estelasDLopez.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.elcielodecanarias.com/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_constellations
[6] https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ everything-you-need-to-know-quadrantid-meteor-shower
[7] ap070812.html
[8] http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/quadrans.htm
[9] http://leonid.arc.nasa.gov/leonidnews47.html
[10] ap181222.html
[11] ap190108.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190109
[21] ap190110.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 10
[2]
Vela Supernova Remnant Mosaic
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Robert Gendler [4] , Roberto Colombari [5] ,
Digitized Sky Survey [6] (POSS II)

Explanation: The plane of our Milky Way Galaxy runs through this complex and beautiful skyscape [7] . Seen toward colorful stars near the northwestern edge of the constellation Vela [8] (the Sails), the 16 degree wide, 200 frame
mosaic is centered on the glowing filaments of the Vela Supernova Remnant [9]
, the expanding debris cloud from the death explosion of a massive star. Light from the supernova explosion that created [10] the Vela remnant reached Earth about 11,000 years ago. In addition to the shocked filaments of glowing gas, the cosmic catastrophe also left behind an incredibly dense, rotating stellar core, the Vela Pulsar [11] . Some 800 light-years distant, the Vela remnant is likely embedded [12] in a larger and older supernova remnant, the Gum Nebula [13] . Objects identified in this broad mosaic [14] include emission and reflection nebulae, star clusters, and the remarkable Pencil Nebula [15] .

Tomorrow's picture: New Moon rise

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [16] | Archive [17] | Submissions [18] | Index [19] | Search [20] | Calendar
[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Vela-DSS-New-L.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/
[5] https://www.facebook.com/roberto.colombari
[6] http://archive.stsci.edu/dss/copyright.html
[7] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/Vela-DSS-New.html
[8] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/vel/index.html
[9] http://fuse.pha.jhu.edu/~wpb/hstvela/hstvela.html
[10] ap960612.html
[11] ap000609.html
[12] ap020217.html
[13] ap180524.html
[14] http://www.robgendlerastropics.com/Vela-DSS-New-Labels.html
[15] http://heritage.stsci.edu/2003/16/supplemental.html
[16] ap190109.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190110
[26] ap190111.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 11
[2]
Partial Eclipse over Beijing
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Li Zhaoqi [4]

Explanation: On January 6 the New Moon rose in silhouette with the Sun seen from northeastern Asia. Near maximum, the dramatic partial solar eclipse is captured in this telephoto view through hazy skies. In the foreground, the
hill top Wanchun pavilion overlooking central Beijing's popular Forbidden City [5] hosts eclipse-watching early morning risers. This was the first of five, three solar and two lunar, eclipses for 2019 [6] . Next up is a total lunar eclipse [7] during this month's Full Perigee Moon. At night on January 21,
that celestial shadow play [8] will be visible from the hemisphere of planet Earth that includes the Americas, Europe, and western Africa.

APOD Lecture Tonight: Amateur Astronomers Association of New York at American
Museum of Natural History, NYC [9]
Tomorrow's picture: Milky Way Falls

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Beijing_pse-s.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.rainywhisper.com
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_City
[6] http://eclipsewise.com/oh/ec2019.html#LE2019Jan31T
[7] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/ lunar-eclipses/
[8] https://earthsky.org/?p=295245
[9] https://www.aaa.org/
[10] ap190110.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190111
[20] ap190112.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 12
[2]
Milky Way Falls
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Yuri Beletsky [4] (Carnegie [5] Las Campanas
Observatory [6] , TWAN [7] )

Explanation: It can be [8] the driest place on planet Earth, but water still flows in Chile's Atacama desert, high in the mountains. After discovering this small creek with running water, the photographer returned to the site to watch the Milky Way rise in the dark southern skies, calculating the moment when Milky Way and precious flowing water would meet. In the panoramic night skyscape, stars and nebulae [9] immersed in the glow along the Milky Way itself also shared that moment with the Milky Way's satellite galaxies [10]
the Large and Small Magellanic clouds [11] above the horizon at the right. Bright star Beta Centauri is poised at the very top of the waterfall. Above it lies the dark expanse of the Coalsack nebula [12] and the stars of the Southern Cross.

Tomorrow's picture: when stars explode

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/beletsky_waterfall.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.instagram.com/yuribeletsky/
[5] http://carnegiescience.edu/
[6] http://www.lco.cl/
[7] http://www.twanight.org/
[8] ap110811.html
[9] ap180105.html
[10] https://earthsky.org/space/ galaxy-collision-milky-way-lmc-solar-system
[11] https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/ nearest_galaxy_info.html
[12] https://oneminuteastronomer.com/2036/coalsack-nebula/
[13] ap190111.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190112
[23] ap190113.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 13
[2]
Tycho's Supernova Remnant in X-ray
Image Credit: NASA [3] / CXC [4] / F.J. Lu (Chinese Academy of Sciences) et
al. [5]

Explanation: What star created this huge puffball? What's pictured is the hot expanding nebula of Tycho's supernova remnant [6] , the result of a stellar explosion first recorded over 400 years ago by the famous astronomer Tycho Brahe [7] . The featured image [8] is a composite of three X-ray [9] colors taken by the orbiting Chandra X-ray Observatory [10] . The expanding gas cloud [11] is extremely hot, while slightly different expansion speeds have given the cloud a puffy [12] appearance. Although the star that created SN 1572
[13] , is likely completely gone, a star dubbed Tycho G [14] , too dim to be discerned here [15] , is thought to be a companion. Finding progenitor
remnants of Tycho's supernova [16] is particularly important because the supernova [17] is of Type Ia, an important rung in the distance ladder [18] that calibrates the scale [19] of the visible universe. The peak brightness
of Type Ia supernovas [20] is thought to be well understood, making them
quite valuable in exploring the relationship between faintness and farness
[21] in the distant universe.

Tomorrow's picture: meteor mountain

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [22] | Archive [23] | Submissions [24] | Index [25] | Search [26] | Calendar
[27] | RSS [28] | Education [29] | About APOD [30] | Discuss [31] | > [32] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [33] (MTU [34] ) & Jerry Bonnell [35]
(UMCP [36] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [37] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [38]
A service of: ASD [39] at NASA [40] / GSFC [41]
& Michigan Tech. U. [42]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/TychoSNR_Chandra_3600.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://chandra.harvard.edu/
[5] http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.3829
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho%27s_Supernova
[7] http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/brahe.html
[8] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/tycho2/
[9] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/11_xrays
[10] http://chandra.harvard.edu/about/
[11] http://chandra.si.edu/photo/2016/tycho/tycho_BU_lg_web.mov
[12] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zr_DwYHaxx4
[13] http://spider.seds.org/spider/Vars/sn1572.html
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_G
[15] https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.01779
[16] http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/tycho-s.htm
[17] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sTyMffjKTTo
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder
[19] ap181007.html
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_Ia_supernova
[21] http://www-supernova.lbl.gov/PhysicsTodayArticle.pdf
[22] ap190112.html
[23] archivepix.html
[24] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[25] lib/aptree.html
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[27] calendar/allyears.html
[28] /apod.rss
[29] lib/edlinks.html
[30] lib/about_apod.html
[31] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190113
[32] ap190114.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[35] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[36] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[37] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[39] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[42] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 14
[2]
Meteor and Milky Way over the Alps
Image Credit & Copyright: Nicholas Roemmelt [3] (Venture Photography [4] )

Explanation: Now this was a view with a thrill. From Mount Tschirgant [5] in the Alps [6] , you can see not only nearby towns and distant Tyrol [7] ean peaks, but also, weather permitting, stars, nebulas, and the band of the Milky Way Galaxy [8] . What made the arduous climb worthwhile this night, though,
was another peak -- the peak of the 2018 Perseids [9] Meteor [10] Shower [11]
. As hoped, dispersing clouds allowed a picturesque sky-gazing session that included many faint meteors, all while a carefully positioned camera took a series of exposures. Suddenly, a thrilling meteor -- bright [12] and colorful [13] -- slashed down right next the nearly vertical band of the Milky Way
[14] . As luck would have it, the camera caught it too. Therefore, a new image in the series was quickly taken with one of the sky-gazers [15] posing on the nearby peak. Later, all of the images were digitally combined [16] .

Tomorrow's picture: heart & soul

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [17] | Archive [18] | Submissions [19] | Index [20] | Search [21] | Calendar
[22] | RSS [23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/MeteorMountain_Roemmelt_1371.jpg
[3] https://www.facebook.com/DrNicholasRoemmeltPhotography/
[4] https://www.venture.photography/home
[5] https://youtu.be/Gm8sOBqSyQw
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrol
[8] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/285/the-milky-way-galaxy/
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseids
[10] ap180908.html
[11] ap170801.html
[12] ap171225.html
[13] ap181219.html
[14] ap180911.html
[15] ap040808.html
[16]
https://www.facebook.com/DrNicholasRoemmeltPhotography/photos/ a.230469333765914/1468508936628608/?type=3&theater
[17] ap190113.html
[18] archivepix.html
[19] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[20] lib/aptree.html
[21] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190114
[27] ap190115.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 15
[2]
The Heart and Soul Nebulas
Image Credit & Copyright: Mario Zauner [3]

Explanation: Is the heart and soul of our Galaxy located in Cassiopeia [4] ? Possibly not, but that is where two bright emission nebulas [5] nicknamed Heart and Soul [6] can be found. The Heart Nebula [7] , officially dubbed IC 1805 [8] and visible in the featured image on the bottom right, has a shape reminiscent of a classical heart symbol [9] . The Soul Nebula [10] is officially designated IC 1871 and is visible on the upper left. Both nebulas [11] shine brightly in the red light of energized [12] hydrogen [13] . Also shown in this three-color montage is light emitted from sulfur [14] , shown in yellow, and oxygen [15] , shown in blue. Several young open clusters [16] of stars [17] are visible near the nebula centers. Light [18] takes about 6,000 years to reach us from these nebulas [19] , which together span roughly 300 light years [20] . Studies [21] of stars and clusters like those found in the Heart [22] and Soul [23] Nebulas have focused on how massive stars [24] form and how they affect their environment [25] .

Follow APOD on: Instagram [26] , Facebook [27] , Reddit [28] , or Twitter [29]

Tomorrow's picture: open space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [30] | Archive [31] | Submissions [32] | Index [33] | Search [34] | Calendar
[35] | RSS [36] | Education [37] | About APOD [38] | Discuss [39] | > [40] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [41] (MTU [42] ) & Jerry Bonnell [43]
(UMCP [44] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [45] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [46]
A service of: ASD [47] at NASA [48] / GSFC [49]
& Michigan Tech. U. [50]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/HeartSoul_Zauner_1952.jpg
[3] mailto: mariozauner @at@ icloud .dot. com
[4] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/cas/
[5] emission_nebulae.html
[6] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YsIL07eOqOU
[7] ap151027.html
[8] ap111025.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(symbol)
[10] ap180821.html
[11] ap160924.html
[12] ap030410.html
[13] http://periodic.lanl.gov/1.shtml
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur
[15] https://youtu.be/LM_CgtFORzw
[16] open_clusters.html
[17] https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve
[18] http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html
[19] ap180823.html
[20] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/cosmic_distance.html
[21] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999A%26AS..136..313S
[22] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Nebula
[23] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul_Nebula
[24] ap030622.html
[25]
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/0a/4e/27/ 0a4e2732638c9d7532de25394eea6257.jpg
[26] https://www.instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily/
[27] https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay
[28] https://www.reddit.com/r/apod
[29] http://twitter.com/apod/
[30] ap190114.html
[31] archivepix.html
[32] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[33] lib/aptree.html
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[35] calendar/allyears.html
[36] /apod.rss
[37] lib/edlinks.html
[38] lib/about_apod.html
[39] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190115
[40] ap190116.html
[41] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[42] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[43] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[44] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[45] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[47] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[48] https://www.nasa.gov/
[49] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[50] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 16
[2]
IC 342: The Hidden Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Arturas Medvedevas [4]

Explanation: Similar [5] in size to large, bright spiral galaxies in our neighborhood, IC 342 [6] is a mere 10 million light-years distant [7] in the long-necked, northern constellation Camelopardalis [8] . A sprawling island universe [9] , IC 342 would otherwise be a prominent galaxy in our night sky, but it is hidden from clear view and only glimpsed through the veil of stars, gas and dust clouds along the plane of our own Milky Way galaxy [10] . Even though IC 342's light is dimmed and reddened by intervening cosmic clouds [11] , this sharp telescopic image [12] traces the galaxy's own obscuring dust, young star clusters, and glowing pink star forming regions along spiral arms that wind far from the galaxy's core [13] . IC 342 may have undergone a recent burst of star formation [14] activity and is close enough to have gravitationally influenced the evolution of the local group [15] of galaxies and the Milky Way.

Tomorrow's picture: old school starry night

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [16] | Archive [17] | Submissions [18] | Index [19] | Search [20] | Calendar
[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/IC342Medvedevas.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://arturas.space/
[5] ap101209.html
[6] http://spider.seds.org/spider/LG/i0342.html
[7] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/ bib_query?2002AJ....124..839S
[8] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/cam/ index.html
[9] ap051222.html
[10] ap110520.html
[11] http://www-ssg.sr.unh.edu/ism/what1.html
[12] https://arturas.space/images/featured/5c294dc009784501388b6e28
[13] http://spacetelescope.org/images/potw1727a/
[14] http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/spitzer/ multimedia/pia14402.html
[15] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/maffei1g.html
[16] ap190115.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190116
[26] ap190117.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 17
[2]
Cabin under the Stars
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : P-M Heden (Clear Skies [4] , TWAN [5] )

Explanation: Gocka's, a family nickname for the mountain cabin, and a wooden sled from a generation past stand quietly under the stars. The single exposure image was taken on January [6] 6 from Tanndalen Sweden [7] to evoke a simple visual experience of the dark mountain skies. A pale band of starlight along the Milky Way sweeps through the scene. At the foot of Orion the Hunter,
bright star Rigel shines just above the old kicksled's handrail. Capella,
alpha star of Auriga the celestial charioteer, is the brightest star at the
top of the frame. In fact, the familiar stars of the winter hexagon [8] and the Pleiades star cluster can all be found in this beautiful skyscape from a northern winter night.

Tomorrow's picture: night on a rotating planet

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< [9] | Archive [10] | Submissions [11] | Index [12] | Search [13] | Calendar
[14] | RSS [15] | Education [16] | About APOD [17] | Discuss [18] | > [19] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [20] (MTU [21] ) & Jerry Bonnell [22]
(UMCP [23] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [24] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [25]
A service of: ASD [26] at NASA [27] / GSFC [28]
& Michigan Tech. U. [29]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/KicksledTWAN20190106.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.clearskies.se/
[5] http://www.twanight.org/
[6] https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ 2001/ast04jan_1
[7] ap130405.html
[8] ap110103.html
[9] ap190116.html
[10] archivepix.html
[11] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[12] lib/aptree.html
[13] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[14] calendar/allyears.html
[15] /apod.rss
[16] lib/edlinks.html
[17] lib/about_apod.html
[18] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190117
[19] ap190118.html
[20] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[22] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[23] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[24] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[25] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[26] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[29] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 18
[2]
Circumpolar Star Trails
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Gabriel Funes [4]

Explanation: As Earth [5] spins on its axis, the stars appear to rotate
around an observatory in this well-composed image from the Canary Island of Tenerife. Of course, the colorful concentric arcs traced out by the stars are really centered on the planet's North Celestial Pole. Convenient [6] for northern hemisphere astro-imagers and celestial navigators alike, bright star Polaris is near [7] the pole and positioned in this scene to be behind the telescope dome. Made with [8] a camera fixed to a tripod, the series of over 200 stacked digital exposures spanned about 4 hours. The observatory was not operating on that clear, dark night, but that's not surprising. The dome
houses the Teide Observatory's large THEMIS Solar Telescope [9] .

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Startrail_Funes.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] mailto: gfunpol [at] gmail [dot] com
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/ star-trails-seen-from-low-earth-orbit
[6] ap131023.html
[7] ap110514.html
[8] ap070519.html
[9] http://www.iac.es/eno.php?op1=3&op2=6&id=2&lang=en
[10] ap190117.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190118
[20] ap190119.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 19
[2]
Total Lunar Eclipse at Moonset
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Fred Espenak (MrEclipse.com [4] , TWAN [5] )

Explanation: The Moon slid through Earth's shadow [6] on January 31, 2018 in a total lunar eclipse [7] . In this time-lapse sequence of that eclipse from Portal, Arizona, USA, the partial eclipse starts with the Moon high in the western sky. The eclipse total phase lasted about 76 minutes, but totality ended after the dark, reddened Moon set below the horizon. The upcoming total lunar eclipse [8] , on the night of January 20/21, will be better placed for skygazers [9] across the Americas, though. There, all 62 minutes of the total phase, when the Moon is completely immersed in Earth's dark umbral shadow,
will take place with the Moon above the horizon. Watch it if you can. The next [10] total lunar eclipse visible from anywhere on planet Earth won't take
place until May 26, 2021, and then the total eclipse will last a mere 15 minutes.

Tomorrow's picture: lunar eclipse video

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/TLE2018Jan-seq3w.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.mreclipse.com
[5] http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/ galleries.asp?Sort=Photographer&Value=Fred%20Espenak&page=1
[6] https://vimeo.com/188736414
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/5-8/ features/nasa-knows/what-is-an-eclipse-58
[8] https://earthsky.org/?p=295245
[9] https://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/ lunar-eclipse-guided-tour-podcast/
[10] http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/LEnext.html
[11] ap190118.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190119
[21] ap190120.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 20
A Total Lunar Eclipse Video
Video Credit & Copyright: Jun Ho Oh (KAIST [2] , HuboLab [3] ), Kwon O Chul
(TWAN [4] ), Jeong ByoungJun [5] (RainbowAstro)

Explanation: Tonight a bright full Moon will fade to red. Tonight's moon [6] will be particularly bright because it is reaching its fully lit phase when it is relatively close to the Earth in its elliptical orbit [7] . In fact, by
some measures of size and brightness, tonight's full Moon is designated a supermoon [8] , although perhaps the "super" is overstated [9] because it will be only a few percent larger and brighter than the average full Moon. However, our Moon will fade to a dim red [10] because it will also undergo a total lunar eclipse [11] -- an episode when the Moon becomes completely engulfed in Earth's shadow. The faint red [12] color results from blue sunlight being
more strongly scattered away by the Earth's atmosphere. A January full moon, like the one visible tonight, is referred to as a Wolf Moon [13] in some cultures. Tonight's supermoon total eclipse [14] will last over an hour and
be best visible [15] from North [16] and South America [17] after sunset. The featured time-lapse video [18] shows the last total lunar eclipse [19] -- which occurred in 2018 July. The next total lunar eclipse [20] will occur
only in 2021 May.

Tomorrow's picture: selfie on mars

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[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] http://www.kaist.ac.kr/html/en/index.html
[3] http://hubolab.kaist.ac.kr/
[4]
http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/ photographers_about.asp?photographer=Kwon%20O%20Chul
[5]
https://www.facebook.com/jeong.byoungjun/ about?lst=6607177%3A100001663870318%3A1547860416
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2019_lunar_eclipse
[7] http://www.cso.caltech.edu/outreach/log/NIGHT_DAY/elliptical.htm
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermoon
[9]
http://i.embed.ly/1/display/ resize?key=1e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&url=http%3A%2F%2Fpbs.twimg. com%2Fmedia%2FBnXQFdZCMAAmw1H.jpg
[10] ap150408.html
[11] ap141005.html
[12] ap140418.html
[13] https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/wolf.html
[14] http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2015/22sep_lunareclipse/
[15] http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2019Jan21T.pdf
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America
[18] https://vimeo.com/284290238
[19] ap180730.html
[20] https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEdecade/LEdecade2021.html
[21] ap190119.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190120
[31] ap190121.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 21
[2]
InSight Lander Takes Selfie on Mars
Image Credit: NASA [3] / JPL-Caltech [4]

Explanation: This is what NASA's Insight lander looks like on Mars. With its solar panels [5] , InSight is about the size [6] of a small bus. Insight successfully landed on Mars [7] in November with a main objective to detect seismic activity [8] . The featured selfie is a compilation of several images taken of different parts of the InSight [9] lander, by the lander's arm [10]
, at different times. SEIS [11] , the orange-domed seismometer [12] seen near the image center last month, has now been placed on the Martian surface [13] . With this selfie, Mars InSight [14] continues a long tradition of robotic spacecraft on Mars taking and returning images of themselves, including Viking [15] , Sojourner [16] , Pathfinder [17] , Spirit [18] , Opportunity [19] , Phoenix [20] , and Curiosity [21] . Data taken by Mars Insight is expected to give humanity unprecedented data involving the interior of Mars [22] , a
region thought to harbor formation clues [23] not only about Mars, but Earth [24] .

Tomorrow's picture: good lunar eclipse photo

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [25] | Archive [26] | Submissions [27] | Index [28] | Search [29] | Calendar
[30] | RSS [31] | Education [32] | About APOD [33] | Discuss [34] | > [35] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [36] (MTU [37] ) & Jerry Bonnell [38]
(UMCP [39] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [40] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [41]
A service of: ASD [42] at NASA [43] / GSFC [44]
& Michigan Tech. U. [45]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/Selfie_InSight_4391.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel
[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InSight#/media/ File:PIA19664-MarsInSightLander-Assembly-20150430.jpg
[7] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/
[8] https://youtu.be/vm4xx6P56H4
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InSight
[10] ap181210.html
[11] https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/seis/
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismometer
[13] ap131208.html
[14] https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/
[15] ap950721.html
[16] ap991030.html
[17] ap000912.html
[18] ap040122.html
[19] ap110508.html
[20] ap110313.html
[21] ap140627.html
[22] http://science.sciencemag.org/content/308/5725/1120
[23] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000JGR...10517563S
[24] ap070325.html
[25] ap190120.html
[26] archivepix.html
[27] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[28] lib/aptree.html
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[30] calendar/allyears.html
[31] /apod.rss
[32] lib/edlinks.html
[33] lib/about_apod.html
[34] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190121
[35] ap190122.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[37] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[38] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[39] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[40] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[42] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/
[44] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[45] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 22
[2]
Lunar Eclipse over Cologne Cathedral
Image Credit & Copyright: Martin Junius [3]

Explanation: Why would a bright full Moon suddenly become dark? Because it entered [4] the shadow of the Earth [5] . That's what happened Sunday night [6] as the Moon underwent a total lunar eclipse [7] . Dubbed by some as a Super [8] (because the Moon was angularly larger than usual, at least
slightly) Blood [9] (because the scattering of sunlight through the Earth's atmosphere makes an eclipsed Moon appeared unusually red) Wolf [10] (because January full moons are sometimes called Wolf Moons from the legend [11] that wolves like to howl at the moon) Moon Eclipse, the shadowy spectacle [12] was visible from the half of the Earth [13] then facing the Moon [14] , and was captured in numerous spectacular photographs [15] . Featured, a notable image sequence was captured over the Cologne Cathedral [16] , a UNESCO World
Heritage Site [17] , in Cologne [18] , Germany [19] . The lunar eclipse [20] sequence was composed from [21] 68 different exposures captured over three hours during freezing temperatures -- and later digitally combined and edited to remove a cyclist and a pedestrian. The next total lunar eclipse will occur [22] in 2021.

Gallery: Sunday Night's Total Lunar Eclipse [23]
Tomorrow's picture: icy orion

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/LunarEclipseCologne_Junius_1280.jpg
[3] https://photo.m-j-s.net/blog/about/
[4] ap190120.html
[5] https://blogs.nasa.gov/Watch_the_Skies/wp-content/uploads/sites/193/2018/07/ LEDiagram1c.jpg
[6] https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2019-january-21
[7] ap180128.html
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermoon
[9] https://earthsky.org/human-world/what-is-a-blood-moon-lunar-eclipses-2014-2015
[10] https://youtu.be/F-oAaElViaU
[11] http://mentalfloss.com/article/51517/are-wolves-really-howling-moon
[12] ap180209.html
[13] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/overview/
[14] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/overview/
[15]
https://www.facebook.com/pg/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay/photos/ ?tab=album&album_id=2020527551316029
[16] https://youtu.be/1EH_vh3lorw
[17] https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/292
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne
[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_eclipse
[21] https://photo.m-j-s.net/blog/2019/01/lunar-eclipse-21-jan-2019/
[22] https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEdecade/LEdecade2021.html
[23]
https://www.facebook.com/pg/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay/photos/ ?tab=album&album_id=2020527551316029
[24] ap190121.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190122
[34] ap190123.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 23
[2]
Orion over the Austrian Alps
Image Credit & Copyright: Luk� Vesel� [3]

Explanation: Do you recognize this constellation? Through the icicles and past the mountains is Orion [4] , one of the most identifiable star groupings on
the sky and an icon familiar to humanity for over 30,000 years. Orion has looked pretty much the same [5] during the past 50,000 years and should continue to look the same for many thousands of years into the future. Orion [6] is quite prominent in the sky this time of year, a recurring sign of (modern) winter in Earth's northern hemisphere and summer in the south. Pictured, Orion was captured recently above the Austria [7] n Alps [8] in a composite of seven images taken by the same camera in the same location during the same night. Below and slightly to the right of Orion's three-star belt [9]
is the Orion Nebula [10] , while the four bright stars [11] surrounding the belt are, clockwise from the upper left, Betelgeuse [12] , Bellatrix [13] , Rigel [14] , and Saiph [15] .

New: Instagram page features cool images recently submitted to APOD [16]
Tomorrow's picture: the cold eclipse

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [17] | Archive [18] | Submissions [19] | Index [20] | Search [21] | Calendar
[22] | RSS [23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/OrionAlps_Vesely_740.jpg
[3] http://www.lukasvesely.com/about/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_(constellation)
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_(constellation)#/media/File:OrionProper.gif
[6] ap181014.html
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria
[8] https://youtu.be/zSxbzlL1qVE
[9] https://earthsky.org/sky-archive/use-orions-belt-to-find-two-other-stars-2006
[10] ap171129.html
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orion_(constellation)#/media/File:Orion_IAU.svg
[12] ap100106.html
[13] ap180321.html
[14] ap180115.html
[15] http://www.astronomytrek.com/star-facts-saiph/
[16] https://www.instagram.com/universe_view_screen/
[17] ap190122.html
[18] archivepix.html
[19] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[20] lib/aptree.html
[21] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190123
[27] ap190124.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 24
[2]
Matterhorn, Moon, and Meteor
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Stephane Vetter [4] (Nuits sacrees [5] ), TWAN
[6]

Explanation: Fans of planet Earth [7] probably recognize the Matterhorn in
the foreground of this night skyscape. Famed in mountaineering history [8] , the 4,478 meter Alpine mountain stands next to the totally eclipsed Moon [9] . In spite of -22 degree C temperatures, the inspired scene was captured on the morning of January 21 from the mountains near Zermatt, Switzerland. Different exposures record the dim red light reflected by the Moon fully immersed in Earth's shadow [10] . Seen directly above the famous Alpine peak, but about
600 light-years away, are the stars of the Praesepe or Beehive star cluster also known as Messier 44 [11] . An added reward to the cold eclipse vigil, a bright and colorful meteor flashed [12] below the temporarily dimmmed Moon, just tracing the Matterhorn's north-eastern climbing route along Hornli ridge.

Tomorrow's picture: Moon Struck

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [13] | Archive [14] | Submissions [15] | Index [16] | Search [17] | Calendar
[18] | RSS [19] | Education [20] | About APOD [21] | Discuss [22] | > [23] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [24] (MTU [25] ) & Jerry Bonnell [26]
(UMCP [27] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [28] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [29]
A service of: ASD [30] at NASA [31] / GSFC [32]
& Michigan Tech. U. [33]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/cervin1300vetter.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.twanight.org/vetter
[5] http://www.nuitsacrees.fr/
[6] http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/index.asp
[7] http://www.twanight.org/newTWAN/index.asp
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_age_of_alpinism
[9] ap190122.html
[10] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/ lunar-eclipses/
[11] ap180203.html
[12] https://www.amsmeteors.org/2019/01/ meteor-activity-outlook-for-january-19-25-2019/
[13] ap190123.html
[14] archivepix.html
[15] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[16] lib/aptree.html
[17] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[18] calendar/allyears.html
[19] /apod.rss
[20] lib/edlinks.html
[21] lib/about_apod.html
[22] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190124
[23] ap190125.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[27] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[28] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[30] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[33] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 25
[2]
Moon Struck
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Petr Horalek [4]

Explanation: Craters [5] produced by ancient impacts on the airless Moon have long been a familiar sight. But only since the 1990s have observers began to regularly record and study optical flashes on the lunar surface [6] , likely explosions resulting from impacting meteoroids. Of course [7] , the flashes
are difficult to see against a bright, sunlit lunar surface. But during the January 21 total eclipse many imagers [8] serendipitously [9] captured a meteoroid impact flash [10] against the dim red Moon. Found while examining [11] images taken shortly before the total eclipse phase began, the flash is indicated in the inset above, near the Moon's darkened western limb [12] . Estimates based on the flash duration [13] recorded by the Moon Impact Detection and Analysis System ( MIDAS [14] ) telescopes in southern Spain indicate the impactor's mass was about 10 kilograms and created a crater between seven and ten meters in diameter.

Tomorrow's picture: shadow-weekend

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [15] | Archive [16] | Submissions [17] | Index [18] | Search [19] | Calendar
[20] | RSS [21] | Education [22] | About APOD [23] | Discuss [24] | > [25] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [26] (MTU [27] ) & Jerry Bonnell [28]
(UMCP [29] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [30] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [31]
A service of: ASD [32] at NASA [33] / GSFC [34]
& Michigan Tech. U. [35]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/2019_01_21_ZM_Single_crop.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.astronom.cz/horalek/?page_id=20
[5] ap011208.html
[6] https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/ new-high-end-search-for-lunar-impacts/
[7] http://spaceweather.com/ archive.php?view=1&day=23&month=01&year=2019
[8] http://spaceweathergallery.com/eclipse_gallery.html
[9] https://twitter.com/willgater/status/ 1087478475919900672
[10] https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/ 2013/16may_lunarimpact/
[11] http://www.astronom.cz/horalek/?p=4458
[12] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ in-a-first-earthlings-spot-a-meteor-strike-the-eclipse-darkened-moon/
[13] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wnf5rHypPSo
[14] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNvfBCu-jjI
[15] ap190124.html
[16] archivepix.html
[17] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[18] lib/aptree.html
[19] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[20] calendar/allyears.html
[21] /apod.rss
[22] lib/edlinks.html
[23] lib/about_apod.html
[24] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190125
[25] ap190126.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[29] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[30] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[32] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[35] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 26
[2]
The Umbra of Earth
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Antonio Finazzi [4]

Explanation: The dark, inner shadow of planet Earth is called the umbra [5] . Shaped like a cone extending into space, it has a circular cross section most easily seen during a lunar eclipse [6] . For example, on January 21 the Full Moon slid [7] across the northern half of Earth's umbral shadow, entertaining [8] moonwatchers around much of the planet. In the total phase of the eclipse, the Moon was completely within the umbra for 63 minutes. Recorded under clear, dark skies from the hills near Chiuduno, Italy this composite eclipse image uses successive [9] pictures from totality (center) and partial phases to
trace out a large part of the umbra's curved edge [10] . Reflecting sunlight scattered by the atmosphere into Earth's shadow, the lunar surface appears reddened during totality. But close to the umbra's edge, the limb of the eclipsed Moon shows a distinct blue hue. The blue eclipsed [11] moonlight originates as rays of sunlight pass through layers high in the upper stratosphere, colored by ozone that scatters red light and transmits blue.

Tomorrow's picture: crossing the sky

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[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/LOmbradellaTerraFinazzi.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] mailto: a [dot] finazzi [dot] astronomy [at] sonic [dot] it
[5] ap060909.html
[6] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/moons/earths-moon/lunar-eclipses/
[7] ap080220.html
[8] ap190125.html
[9] ap070901.html
[10] ap080820.html
[11] ap151003.html
[12] ap190125.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190126
[22] ap190127.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 27
[2]
From the Northern to the Southern Cross
Image Credit & Copyright: Nicholas [3] Buer [4]

Explanation: There is a road that connects the Northern [5] to the Southern Cross [6] but you have to be at the right place and time to see it. The road, as pictured here, is actually the central band of our Milky Way Galaxy; the right place, in this case, is dark Laguna Cejar [7] in Salar de Atacama [8]
of Northern Chile [9] ; and the right time was in early October, just after sunset. Many sky wonders were captured then, including the bright Moon [10] , inside the Milky Way [11] arch; Venus [12] , just above the Moon; Saturn [13]
and Mercury [14] , just below the Moon; the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds [15] satellite galaxies, on the far left; red airglow [16] near the horizon
on the image left; and the lights of small towns at several locations across the horizon [17] . One might guess that composing this 30-image panorama [18] would have been a serene experience, but for that one would have required earplugs to ignore the continued brays [19] of wild donkey [20] s.

Tomorrow's picture: galaxy tail

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [21] | Archive [22] | Submissions [23] | Index [24] | Search [25] | Calendar
[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/chilepan_buer_1400.jpg
[3] http://www.nicholasbuer.com/
[4] http://facebook.com/nicholasbuerphotography
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cross
[7] https://youtu.be/TRIdvFmIlFU
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salar_de_Atacama
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile
[10] ap110711.html
[11] ap100913.html
[12] ap130512.html
[13] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/saturn/overview/
[14] ap130219.html
[15] ap180428.html
[16] ap130619.html
[17] ap171205.html
[18] http://www.nicholasbuer.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/CHILE_4.jpg
[19] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uanE7YxW0E
[20] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donkey
[21] ap190126.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190127
[31] ap190128.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2018 January 28
[2]
The Long Gas Tail of Spiral Galaxy D100
Image Credit & Copyright: NASA [3] , ESA [4] , Hubble [5] , Subaru Telescope [6] , W. Cramer [7] (Yale [8] ) et al. [9] , M. Yagi [10] , J. DePasquale [11]

Explanation: Why is there long red streak attached to this galaxy? The streak is made mostly of glowing hydrogen [12] that has been systematically stripped away as the galaxy moved through the ambient hot gas in a cluster of galaxies. Specifically, the galaxy is spiral galaxy [13] D100, and cluster is the Coma Cluster of galaxies [14] . The red path connects to the center of D100 because the outer gas, gravitationally held less strongly, has already been stripped away [15] by ram pressure [16] . The extended gas tail is about 200,000 light-years [17] long, contains about 400,000 times the mass of our Sun [18]
, and stars are forming within it. Galaxy D99, visible to D100's lower left, appears red because it glows primarily from the light of old red stars [19]
-- young blue stars can no longer form because D99 has been stripped [20] of its star-forming gas. The featured false-color picture is a digitally enhanced composite of images from Earth-orbiting Hubble [21] and the ground-based
Subaru [22] telescope. Studying remarkable systems [23] like this bolsters our understanding of how galaxies evolve in clusters.

Tomorrow's picture: distant thing

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/D100gas_HubbleSubaru_1448.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.esa.int/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/content/the-hubble-story
[6] https://subarutelescope.org/
[7] https://astronomy.yale.edu/people/william-cramer
[8] https://astronomy.yale.edu/
[9] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv181104916C
[10] https://www.iau.org/administration/membership/individual/8902/
[11] http://jdepasquale.com/
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-alpha
[13] http://cas.sdss.org/dr6/en/proj/basic/galaxies/spirals.asp
[14] ap180326.html
[15] https://youtu.be/KGpMC28W42Y
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_pressure
[17] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/light-year/en/
[18] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/
[19] ap060704.html
[20] ap180825.html
[21] http://www.stsci.edu/hst/HST_overview
[22] https://subarutelescope.org/Introduction/index.html
[23] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018arXiv181104916C
[24] ap190127.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190128
[34] ap190129.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 29
[2]
Ultima Thule from New Horizons
Image Credit: NASA [3] , JHU's APL [4] , SwRI [5] ; Color Processing: Thomas
App�r� [6]

Explanation: How do distant asteroids differ from those near the Sun? To help find out, NASA sent the robotic New Horizons [7] spacecraft past the
classical Kuiper belt [8] object 2014 MU69 [9] , nicknamed Ultima Thule, the farthest asteroid yet visited by a human spacecraft. Zooming past the 30-km long space rock on January 1, the featured [10] image [11] is the highest resolution picture of Ultima Thule's surface beamed back so far. Utima Thuli [12] does look different than imaged [13] asteroids [14] of the inner Solar System, as it shows unusual surface texture, relatively few obvious craters, and nearly spherical lobes. Its shape is hypothesized to have formed from the coalescence of early Solar System rubble [15] in into two objects -- Ultima and Thule [16] -- which then spiraled together and stuck. Research will continue into understanding the origin [17] of different surface regions on Ultima Thule, whether it has a thin atmosphere, how it obtained its red color, and what this new knowledge of the ancient Solar System [18] tells us about the formation of our Earth [19] .

Tomorrow's picture: strands of sun

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [20] | Archive [21] | Submissions [22] | Index [23] | Search [24] | Calendar
[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/UltimaThule_NewHorizonsAppere_1000.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] https://www.swri.org/
[6] https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasappere/
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/spacecraft/index.html
[8] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/kuiper-belt/in-depth/
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_2014_MU69
[10]
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Galleries/Featured-Images/ image.php?page=1&gallery_id=2&image_id=586
[11] https://www.flickr.com/photos/thomasappere/46864829471/in/dateposted/
[12] https://youtu.be/AhO8LJ5jtRs
[13] ap160202.html
[14] ap100726.html
[15] https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1080544785780203523
[16] ap190103.html
[17] https://youtu.be/ZdoKNHb7aqw
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth
[20] ap190128.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190129
[30] ap190130.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 30
[2]
Wide Field View of Great American Eclipse
Image Credit & Copyright: Nicolas Lefaudeux [3]

Explanation: Only in the fleeting darkness of a total solar eclipse is the light of the solar corona easily visible. Normally overwhelmed by the bright solar disk, the expansive corona [4] , the sun's outer atmosphere [5] , is an alluring sight. But the subtle details and extreme ranges [6] in the corona's brightness, although discernible to the eye, are notoriously difficult to photograph. Pictured here [7] , however, using over 120 images and meticulous digital processing, is a detailed wide-angle image of the Sun's corona taken during the Great American Eclipse [8] in 2017 August. Clearly visible are intricate layers [9] and glowing caustics of an ever changing mixture of hot gas and magnetic fields [10] . Hundreds of stars as faint as 11th magnitude [11] are visible behind the Moon and Sun, with Mars [12] appearing in red on the far right. The next total eclipse of the Sun [13] will occur on July 2
and be visible [14] during sunset from a thin swath across Chile [15] and Argentina [16] .

Tomorrow's picture: blue star bubble

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [17] | Archive [18] | Submissions [19] | Index [20] | Search [21] | Calendar
[22] | RSS [23] | Education [24] | About APOD [25] | Discuss [26] | > [27] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [28] (MTU [29] ) & Jerry Bonnell [30]
(UMCP [31] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [32] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [33]
A service of: ASD [34] at NASA [35] / GSFC [36]
& Michigan Tech. U. [37]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/AmEclipseWide_Lefaudeux_1932.jpg
[3] https://hdr-astrophotography.com/a-propos/
[4] ap180430.html
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona
[6] ap080920.html
[7] https://hdr-astrophotography.com/large-fov/
[8] https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/eclipse-who-what-where-when-and-how
[9]
https://oxyfresh.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ oxyfresh-pets-cat-sleeping-eachother.jpg
[10] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/understanding-the-magnetic-sun
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude_(astronomy)
[12] ap180709.html
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_2,_2019
[14] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/SE2019Jul02T.gif
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina
[17] ap190129.html
[18] archivepix.html
[19] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[20] lib/aptree.html
[21] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[22] calendar/allyears.html
[23] /apod.rss
[24] lib/edlinks.html
[25] lib/about_apod.html
[26] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190130
[27] ap190131.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[29] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[30] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[31] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[32] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[34] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[37] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 January 31
[2]
Sharpless 308: Star Bubble
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Laubing [4]

Explanation: Blown by fast winds from a hot, massive star, this cosmic bubble [5] is huge. Cataloged as Sharpless [6] 2-308 it lies some 5,200 light-years away toward the constellation of the Big Dog (Canis Major [7] ) and covers slightly more of the sky than a Full Moon. That corresponds [8] to a diameter of 60 light-years at its estimated distance. The massive star that created the bubble, a Wolf-Rayet star [9] , is the bright one near the center of the nebula. Wolf-Rayet stars [10] have over 20 times the mass of the Sun and are thought to be in a brief, pre-supernova phase [11] of massive star evolution. Fast winds from this Wolf-Rayet star [12] create the bubble-shaped nebula as they sweep up slower moving material from an earlier phase of evolution. The windblown [13] nebula has an age of about 70,000 years [14] . Relatively
faint emission captured in the expansive image is dominated by the glow of ionized oxygen atoms mapped to [15] a blue hue. SH2-308 is also known as The Dolphin Nebula.

Tomorrow's picture: twin galaxies

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [16] | Archive [17] | Submissions [18] | Index [19] | Search [20] | Calendar
[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1901/SH2-308Laubing2048.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://www.astrobin.com/385665/?nc=collection&nce=994
[5] https://www.astrobin.com/385665/?nc=collection&nce=994
[6] http://galaxymap.org/cgi-bin/sharpless.py?s=1
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EZ_Canis_Majoris
[8] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/ scale_distance.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf-Rayet_star
[10] http://earthsky.org/space/ wolf-rayets-are-the-most-massive-and-brightest-stars-known
[11] ap030325.html
[12] https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/ hubble-view-wolf-rayet-stars-intense-and-short-lived
[13] ap080522.html
[14] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Paleolithic
[15] http://hubblesite.org/gallery/behind_the_pictures/ meaning_of_color/eagle.php
[16] ap190130.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190131
[26] ap190201.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 1
[2]
Twin Galaxies in Virgo
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : CHART32 Team [4] , Processing - Johannes
Schedler [5]

Explanation: Spiral galaxy pair NGC 4567 and NGC 4568 share this sharp cosmic vista [6] with lonely elliptical galaxy NGC 4564. All are members of the
large Virgo Galaxy Cluster [7] . With their classic spiral arms, dust lanes, and star clusters, the eye-catching spiral pair is also known as the Butterfly Galaxies or the Siamese Twins. Very close together, the galaxy twins don't
seem to be too distorted by gravitational tides. Their giant molecular clouds are known to be colliding [8] though and are likely fueling the formation of massive star clusters. The galaxy twins are about 52 million light-years distant [9] , while their bright cores appear separated by about 20,000 light-years. Of course, the spiky foreground stars lie within our own Milky Way.

Tomorrow's picture: the boogeyman

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/NGC4567_70chart32.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://chart32.de/index.php/group
[5] http://panther-observatory.com/
[6] http://www.chart32.de/index.php/component/k2/item/296
[7] ap150804.html
[8] https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/?#abs/2018ApJ...860L..14K
[9] https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/features/cosmic/ local_supercluster.html
[10] ap190131.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190201
[20] ap190202.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A41 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 2
[2]
LDN 1622: Dark Nebula in Orion
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Tapio Lahtinen [4]

Explanation: The silhouette of an intriguing dark nebula [5] inhabits this cosmic scene. Lynds' Dark Nebula ( LDN [6] ) 1622 appears against a faint background of glowing hydrogen gas only easily seen in long telescopic exposures of the region. LDN 1622 lies near the plane of our Milky Way Galaxy, close on the sky [7] to Barnard's Loop [8] , a large cloud surrounding the rich complex of emission nebulae [9] found in the Belt and Sword of Orion
[10] . But the obscuring dust of LDN 1622 is thought to be much closer than Orion's more famous nebulae, perhaps only 500 light-years away. At that distance, this 1 degree wide field of view would span less than 10
light-years. Its foreboding appearance lends this dark expanse a popular name, the Boogeyman Nebula.

Tomorrow's picture: fan of the sky

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[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/LDN1622_2019_01_14_1450min_LHaRGB.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] mailto: einarin [at] gmail [dot] com
[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_nebula
[6] http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/W3Browse/ nebula-catalog/ldn.html
[7] ap101023.html
[8] http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/b-loop.html
[9] ap070125.html
[10] http://www.gb.nrao.edu/~rmaddale/Education/OrionTourCenter/ optical.html
[11] ap190201.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190202
[21] ap190203.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 3
[2]
An Airglow Fan from Lake to Sky
Image Credit & Copyright: Dave Lane [3] ; Rollover Annotation: Judy Schmidt
[4]

Explanation: Why would the sky look like a giant fan? Airglow [5] . The featured intermittent green glow [6] appeared to rise from a lake through the arch of our Milky Way Galaxy [7] , as captured during 2015 next to Bryce
Canyon [8] in Utah [9] , USA. The unusual pattern was created by [10] atmospheric gravity waves [11] , ripples of alternating air pressure that can grow with height as the air thins, in this case about 90 kilometers up [12] . Unlike auroras [13] powered by collisions with energetic charged particles
and seen at high latitudes, airglow is due to chemiluminescence [14] , the production of light [15] in a chemical reaction. More typically seen near the horizon, airglow [16] keeps the night sky from ever being completely dark.

Follow APOD on: Instagram [17] , Facebook [18] , Reddit [19] , or Twitter [20]

Tomorrow's picture: stellar superbubble

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[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1601/AirglowFan_Lane_2400.jpg
[3] mailto: david dot lane07 at gmail dot com
[4] http://geckzilla.com/
[5] http://www.atoptics.co.uk/highsky/airglow1.htm
[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=te_H0Uo6YEA
[7] http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galaxy.html
[8] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1B-umhdy0g
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah
[10] https://www.atoptics.co.uk/highsky/hgrav.htm
[11] http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_484.html
[12] http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=79817
[13] ap140714.html
[14] http://www.atoptics.co.uk/highsky/airglow2.htm
[15] ap130619.html
[16] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airglow
[17] https://www.instagram.com/astronomypicturesdaily/
[18] https://www.facebook.com/AstronomyPictureOfTheDay
[19] https://www.reddit.com/r/apod
[20] http://twitter.com/apod/
[21] ap190202.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190203
[31] ap190204.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 4
[2]
Henize 70: A Superbubble in the LMC
Image Credit & Copyright: Josep M. Drudis [3]

Explanation: Massive stars profoundly affect their galactic environments. Churning and mixing interstellar clouds of gas and dust, stars -- most notably those upwards of tens of times the mass of our Sun -- leave their mark on the compositions [4] and locations [5] of future generations of stars [6] . Dramatic evidence of this is illustrated in our neighboring galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud [7] (LMC), by the featured nebula, Henize 70 [8] (also
known as N70 and DEM301). Henize 70 [9] is actually a luminous superbubble of interstellar gas about 300 light-years in diameter, blown by winds [10] from hot, massive stars and supernova explosions [11] , with its interior filled with tenuous hot and expanding gas. Because superbubble [12] s can expand through an entire galaxy, they offer humanity [13] a chance to explore the connection between the lifecycles of stars and the evolution of galaxies [14]
.

Tomorrow's picture: right past Jupiter

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [15] | Archive [16] | Submissions [17] | Index [18] | Search [19] | Calendar
[20] | RSS [21] | Education [22] | About APOD [23] | Discuss [24] | > [25] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [26] (MTU [27] ) & Jerry Bonnell [28]
(UMCP [29] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [30] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [31]
A service of: ASD [32] at NASA [33] / GSFC [34]
& Michigan Tech. U. [35]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/N70_Durdis_2000.jpg
[3] mailto: sidnuntius @at@ gmail .dot. com
[4] ap171024.html
[5] ap170417.html
[6]
https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/9-12/features/ stellar_evol_feat_912.html
[7] ap180428.html
[8] https://astrodrudis.com/n70-henize-70/
[9] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AJ....148..102R
[10] ap140701.html
[11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aysiMbgml5g
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superbubble
[13] ap160815.html
[14] http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/E/evolution+of+galaxies
[15] ap190203.html
[16] archivepix.html
[17] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[18] lib/aptree.html
[19] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[20] calendar/allyears.html
[21] /apod.rss
[22] lib/edlinks.html
[23] lib/about_apod.html
[24] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190204
[25] ap190205.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[29] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[30] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[32] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[35] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 5
Perijove 16: Passing Jupiter
Video Credit & License [2] : NASA [3] , Juno [4] , SwRI [5] , MSSS [6] ,
Gerald Eichstadt [7] ;
Music: The Planets [8] , IV. Jupiter (Gustav Holst [9] ); USAF Heritage of
America Band [10] ( via Wikipedia [11] )

Explanation: Watch Juno zoom past Jupiter again [12] . NASA [13] 's robotic spacecraft Juno [14] is continuing on its 53-day, highly-elongated orbits [15]
around our Solar System's largest planet. The featured video is from perijove 16, the sixteenth time that Juno [16] has passed near Jupiter since it arrived in mid-2016. Each perijove [17] passes near a slightly different part [18]
of Jupiter's cloud tops. This color-enhanced video [19] has been digitally composed from 21 JunoCam still images, resulting in a 125-fold time-lapse. The video [20] begins with Jupiter rising as Juno [21] approaches [22] from the north. As Juno reaches its closest view [23] -- from about 3,500 kilometers over Jupiter's cloud tops -- the spacecraft captures the great planet in tremendous detail. Juno [24] passes light zones and dark belt of clouds that circle the planet, as well as numerous swirling circular storms, many of which are larger than hurricanes on Earth [25] . As Juno moves away, the remarkable dolphin-shaped cloud [26] is visible. After the perijove, Jupiter [27]
recedes into the distance, now displaying the unusual clouds that appear over Jupiter's south. To get desired science data [28] , Juno swoops so close to Jupiter [29] that its instruments are exposed to very high levels of
radiation.

Tomorrow's picture: moon tree

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [30] | Archive [31] | Submissions [32] | Index [33] | Search [34] | Calendar
[35] | RSS [36] | Education [37] | About APOD [38] | Discuss [39] | > [40] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [41] (MTU [42] ) & Jerry Bonnell [43]
(UMCP [44] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [45] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [46]
A service of: ASD [47] at NASA [48] / GSFC [49]
& Michigan Tech. U. [50]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html
[5] http://www.swri.org/
[6] http://www.msss.com/
[7] http://www.planetary.org/connect/our-experts/profiles/ gerald-eichstdt.html
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Planets
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Holst
[10] https://www.music.af.mil/Bands/US-Air-Force-Heritage-of-America-Band/
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Holst_The_Planets_Jupiter.ogg
[12] ap180226.html
[13] https://www.nasa.gov/
[14] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/main/index.html
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_orbit
[16] https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/spacecraft/
[17] https://www.thefreedictionary.com/perijove
[18] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7153
[19] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vsGW2JZrMnY
[20] https://youtu.be/c4TU3arrZR8
[21] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)
[22] ap170523.html
[23] https://media.giphy.com/media/1050MHNmEr19C0/giphy.gif
[24] https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/
[25] ap171127.html
[26] ap181214.html
[27] ap180221.html
[28]
https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/ a-whole-new-jupiter-first-science-results-from-nasa-s-juno-mission
[29] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/jupiter/overview/
[30] ap190204.html
[31] archivepix.html
[32] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[33] lib/aptree.html
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[35] calendar/allyears.html
[36] /apod.rss
[37] lib/edlinks.html
[38] lib/about_apod.html
[39] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190205
[40] ap190206.html
[41] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[42] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[43] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[44] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[45] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[47] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[48] https://www.nasa.gov/
[49] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[50] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 6
[2]
Moon and Venus Appulse over a Tree
Image Credit & Copyright: Alex Dzierba [3]

Explanation: What's that bright spot near the Moon? Venus [4] . About a week ago, Earth's Moon [5] appeared unusually close [6] to the distant planet Venus, an angular coincidence known as an appulse [7] . Similar to a conjunction [8] , which is a coordinate [9] term, an appulse refers more generally to when two celestial objects appear close together. This Moon and Venus appulse [10] -- once as close as 0.05 degrees -- was captured [11] rising during the early morning behind Koko [12] crater [13] on the island of O'ahu [14] in Hawaii [15] , USA [16] . The Moon was in a crescent phase with its lower left reflecting direct sunlight, while the rest of the Moon is seen because of Earthshine [17] , sunlight first reflected from the Earth. Some leaves and branches of a foreground kiawe [18] tree are seen in silhouette in front of the bright crescent, while others, in front of a darker background, appear white because of forward scatter [19] ing. Appulses [20] involving the Moon typically occur several times a year [21] : for example the Moon is expected to pass [22] within 0.20 degrees [23] of distant Saturn on March 1.

Tomorrow's picture: open space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [24] | Archive [25] | Submissions [26] | Index [27] | Search [28] | Calendar
[29] | RSS [30] | Education [31] | About APOD [32] | Discuss [33] | > [34] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [35] (MTU [36] ) & Jerry Bonnell [37]
(UMCP [38] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [39] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [40]
A service of: ASD [41] at NASA [42] / GSFC [43]
& Michigan Tech. U. [44]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/MoonVenus_Dzierba_4386.jpg
[3] https://www.instagram.com/adzierba/
[4] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/overview/
[5] ap160201.html
[6] ap140227.html
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appulse
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy)
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_ascension
[10] https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20190131_19_100
[11] https://www.instagram.com/p/BtTkm5MBEzN/
[12] http://hawaiianforest.com/wp/geological-features-of-koko-crater/
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koko_Head#/media/File:Oahu_from_air2.jpg
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oahu
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthlight_(astronomy)
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_pallida
[19] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_scatter
[20] https://in-the-sky.org/article.php?term=appulse
[21] https://in-the-sky.org/article.php?term=appulse&year=2019&moon=1
[22] https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20190301_15_100
[23] https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/degrees.html
[24] ap190205.html
[25] archivepix.html
[26] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[27] lib/aptree.html
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[29] calendar/allyears.html
[30] /apod.rss
[31] lib/edlinks.html
[32] lib/about_apod.html
[33] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190206
[34] ap190207.html
[35] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[36] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[37] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[38] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[39] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[41] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[42] https://www.nasa.gov/
[43] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[44] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A42 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 7
[2]
Fox Fur, Unicorn, and Christmas Tree
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Stanislav Volskiy [4] , Chilescope Team [5]

Explanation: Clouds of glowing hydrogen gas fill this colorful skyscape in the faint but fanciful constellation Monoceros [6] , the Unicorn. A star forming region cataloged as NGC 2264 [7] , the complex jumble of cosmic gas and dust
is about 2,700 light-years distant and mixes reddish emission nebulae [8] excited by energetic light from newborn stars with dark [9] interstellar dust clouds. Where the otherwise obscuring dust clouds lie close to the hot, young stars they also reflect starlight, forming blue reflection nebulae [10] . The telescopic image [11] spans about 3/4 degree or nearly 1.5 full moons, covering 40 light-years at the distance of NGC 2264. Its cast of cosmic characters includes the the Fox Fur Nebula [12] , whose dusty, convoluted pelt lies near the top, bright variable star S Monocerotis immersed in the blue-tinted haze near center, and the Cone Nebula [13] pointing in from the right side of the frame. Of course, the stars of NGC 2264 [14] are also known as the Christmas Tree star cluster. The triangular tree shape is seen on its side here. Traced by brighter stars it has its apex at the Cone Nebula. The tree's broader base is centered near S Monocerotis [15] .

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space

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[21] | RSS [22] | Education [23] | About APOD [24] | Discuss [25] | > [26] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [27] (MTU [28] ) & Jerry Bonnell [29]
(UMCP [30] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [31] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [32]
A service of: ASD [33] at NASA [34] / GSFC [35]
& Michigan Tech. U. [36]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/FoxFur_new_color_2048px.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://volskiy.smugmug.com/
[5] http://www.chilescope.com
[6] http://www.hawastsoc.org/deepsky/mon/index.html
[7] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n2264.html
[8] ap051223.html
[9] ap190202.html
[10] ap181231.html
[11] https://volskiy.smugmug.com/Nebulas/i-Z9fzftC
[12] ap151230.html
[13] http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr2002011b/
[14] http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/ 2416-sig05-028b-Spitzer-IRAC-View-of-NGC-2264
[15] http://stars.astro.illinois.edu/sow/15mon.html
[16] ap190206.html
[17] archivepix.html
[18] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[19] lib/aptree.html
[20] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[21] calendar/allyears.html
[22] /apod.rss
[23] lib/edlinks.html
[24] lib/about_apod.html
[25] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190207
[26] ap190208.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[28] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[29] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[30] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[31] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[33] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[36] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 8
[2]
Moon, Four Planets, and Emu
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Alex Cherney (Terrastro [4] , TWAN [5] )

Explanation: A luminous Milky Way falls [6] toward the horizon in this deep skyscape, starting at the top of the frame from the stars of the Southern
Cross and the dark Coalsack Nebula. Captured in the dark predawn of February 2nd from Central Victoria, Australia, planet Earth, the 26 day old waning crescent [7] Moon still shines brightly near the horizon. The second and third brightest celestial beacons are Venus and Jupiter along the lower part of the Milky Way's central bulge. Almost in line with the brighter planets and Moon, Saturn is the pinprick of light just visible [8] below and right of the lunar glow. Australia's first astronomers [9] saw the elongated, bulging shape of the familiar Milky Way as a great celestial Emu. The Moon and planets could almost be the Emu's eggs on this starry night [10] .

Tomorrow's picture: dos sombreros

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[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/ACherney_MoonPlanets.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.terrastro.com/about/
[5] http://www.twanight.org/cherney/
[6] ap190112.html
[7] https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4442
[8] image/1902/ACherney_MoonPlanets_Annotated800.jpg
[9] http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/07/27/2632463.htm
[10] ap140830.html
[11] ap190207.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190208
[21] ap190209.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 9
[2]
Comet Iwamoto and the Sombrero Galaxy
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Ian Griffin [4] (Otago Museum)

Explanation: Comet Iwamoto (C/2018 Y1) [5] , shows off a pretty, greenish coma at the upper left in this telescopic field of view. Taken on February 4 from the Mount John Observatory [6] , University of Canterbury, the 30 minute long total exposure time shows the comet sweeping quickly across a background of stars and distant galaxies in the constellation Virgo. The long exposure and Iwamoto's rapid motion [7] relative to the stars and galaxies results in the noticeable blurred streak tracing the the comet's bright inner coma. In fact, the streaked coma gives the comet a remarkably similar appearance to Messier 104 at lower right, popularly known as the Sombrero Galaxy. The comet, a visitor to the inner Solar System, is a mere 4 light-minutes away though,
while majestic Messier 104 [8] , a spiral galaxy posing edge-on, is 30 million light-years distant. The first binocular comet [9] of 2019, Iwamoto will pass closest to Earth on February 12. This comet's highly elliptical orbit around the Sun stretches beyond the Kuiper belt [10] with an estimated 1,371 year orbital period. That should bring it back to the inner Solar System in 3390
AD.

Tomorrow's picture: Venus Unveiled

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [11] | Archive [12] | Submissions [13] | Index [14] | Search [15] | Calendar
[16] | RSS [17] | Education [18] | About APOD [19] | Discuss [20] | > [21] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [22] (MTU [23] ) & Jerry Bonnell [24]
(UMCP [25] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [26] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [27]
A service of: ASD [28] at NASA [29] / GSFC [30]
& Michigan Tech. U. [31]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/Iwamoto-104-2019griffin.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] https://twitter.com/iangriffin
[5] https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/ c-2018-y1-iwamoto-jan-feb-2019
[6] https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/science/ field-and-research-stations/mount-john-observatory/
[7] https://twitter.com/iangriffin/status/1092297967925514240
[8] http://heritage.stsci.edu/2003/28/caption.html
[9] https://www.universetoday.com/141385/ comet-y1-iwamoto-tops-out-in-february/
[10] ap190129.html
[11] ap190208.html
[12] archivepix.html
[13] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[14] lib/aptree.html
[15] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[16] calendar/allyears.html
[17] /apod.rss
[18] lib/edlinks.html
[19] lib/about_apod.html
[20] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190209
[21] ap190210.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[25] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[26] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[27] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[28] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[31] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 10
[2]
Venus Unveiled
Image Credit: Venus (left): NASA [3] , JPL [4] , Magellan Project [5] ; Earth
(right): NASA [6] , Apollo 17 [7]

Explanation: What does Venus [8] look like beneath its thick clouds? These clouds [9] keep the planet's surface hidden from even the powerful telescopic eyes of Earth-bound astronomers. In the early 1990s, though, using imaging radar, NASA's Venus-orbiting Magellan spacecraft [10] was able to lift the veil [11] from the face of Venus [12] and produced spectacular high resolution image [13] s of the planet's surface. Colors used in this computer generated picture of Magellan [14] radar data are based on color image [15] s from the surface of Venus transmitted by the Soviet [16] Venera [17] 13 and
14 landers. The bright area running roughly across the middle represents the largest highland region of Venus known as Aphrodite Terra [18] . Venus, on the left, is about the same size [19] as our Earth [20] , shown to the right for comparison.

Tomorrow's picture: plane new moon

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[26] | RSS [27] | Education [28] | About APOD [29] | Discuss [30] | > [31] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [32] (MTU [33] ) & Jerry Bonnell [34]
(UMCP [35] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [36] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [37]
A service of: ASD [38] at NASA [39] / GSFC [40]
& Michigan Tech. U. [41]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/VenusEarth_MagellanApollo17_3000.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[5] https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/magellan.html
[6] https://www.nasa.gov/
[7] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo17.html
[8] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/venus/overview/
[9] ap180130.html
[10] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/magellan/in-depth/
[11] https://cf.ltkcdn.net/cats/images/std/187651-600x400-cat-hiding-under-rug.jpg
[12] ap080226.html
[13] https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00104
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)
[15] ap031130.html
[16] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union
[17] http://mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphrodite_Terra
[19] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Venus,_Earth_size_comparison.jpg
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blue_Marble
[21] ap190209.html
[22] archivepix.html
[23] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[24] lib/aptree.html
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[26] calendar/allyears.html
[27] /apod.rss
[28] lib/edlinks.html
[29] lib/about_apod.html
[30] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190210
[31] ap190211.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[34] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[35] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[36] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[38] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[41] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 11
[2]
New Data: Ultima Thule Surprisingly Flat
Illustration Credit: NASA [3] , JHU's APL [4] , SwRI [5]

Explanation: Ultima Thule is not the object humanity thought that it was last month. When the robotic New Horizons spacecraft [6] zoomed past the distant asteroid Ultima Thule (officially 2014 MU69 [7] ) in early January, early images [8] showed two circular lobes [9] that when most simply extrapolated
to 3D were thought to be, roughly, spheres. However, analyses of newly beamed-back images -- including many taken soon after closest approach [10]
-- shows eclipsed stars re-appearing sooner than expected [11] . The only explanation possible is that this 30-km long Kuiper belt object [12] has a different 3D shape than believed only a few weeks ago. Specifically, as shown in the featured illustration [13] , it now appears that the larger lobe -- Ultima -- is more similar to a fluffy pancake [14] than a sphere, while the smaller lobe -- Thule -- resembles a dented walnut [15] . The remaining uncertainty in the outlines are shown by the dashed blue lines. The new shape information indicates that gravity -- which (link)contracts more massive
bodies into spheres -- played perhaps less of a role in contouring the lobes
of Ultima Thule [16] than previously thought. The New Horizons spacecraft
[17] continued on to Ultima Thule after passing Pluto [18] in mid-2015. New data and images [19] are still being received.

Tomorrow's picture: moon jet

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[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/MU69Flatter_NewHorizons_1920.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] https://www.jhuapl.edu/
[5] https://www.swri.org/
[6] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/newhorizons/spacecraft/index.html
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(486958)_2014_MU69
[8] ap190103.html
[9] ap190129.html
[10] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20190208
[11] https://i.imgflip.com/eyvnj.jpg
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuiper_belt
[13]
http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Galleries/Featured-Images/ image.php?gallery_id=2&image_id=590
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake
[15] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juglans_regia_Echte_Walnussfrucht_2.jpg
[16]
https://www.sciencealert.com/ we-ve-never-seen-something-like-this-orbiting-the-sun-ultima-thule-is-still- weird
[17] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/Mission/Spacecraft.php#Systems-and-Components
[18] ap150831.html
[19] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/News-Article.php?page=20190115
[20] ap190210.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190211
[30] ap190212.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 12
[2]
Plane Crossing a Crescent Moon
Image Credit & Copyright: Olivier Staiger (Binounistan.com [3] )

Explanation: No, this is not a good way to get to the Moon [4] . [5] What is pictured is a chance superposition of an airplane and the Moon. The contrail [6] would normally appear white, but the large volume of air toward the setting Sun preferentially knocks away blue light [7] , giving the reflected trail [8] a bright red hue. Far in the distance, well behind the plane, is a crescent Moon [9] , also slightly reddened. Captured a month ago above Valais [10] , Switzerland [11] , the featured image was taken so soon after sunset that planes in the sky were still in sunlight, as were their contrails [12] . Within minutes, unfortunately, the impromptu sky show ended. The plane crossed the Moon [13] and moved out of sight. The Moon set [14] . The contrail became unilluminated and then dispersed.

Tomorrow's picture: old blue eye

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [15] | Archive [16] | Submissions [17] | Index [18] | Search [19] | Calendar
[20] | RSS [21] | Education [22] | About APOD [23] | Discuss [24] | > [25] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [26] (MTU [27] ) & Jerry Bonnell [28]
(UMCP [29] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [30] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [31]
A service of: ASD [32] at NASA [33] / GSFC [34]
& Michigan Tech. U. [35]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/PlaneTrailMoon_Staiger_1555.jpg
[3] http://www.bibounistan.com/
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQR0bXO_yI8
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_Me_to_the_Moon#NASA_association
[6] ap041013.html
[7] http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/BlueSky/blue_sky.html
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrail
[9] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/review/dr-marc-earth/moon-phases.html
[10] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgeFld1l_BQ
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland
[12] https://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/contrail-edu/science.html
[13] ap180912.html
[14] ap180604.html
[15] ap190211.html
[16] archivepix.html
[17] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[18] lib/aptree.html
[19] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[20] calendar/allyears.html
[21] /apod.rss
[22] lib/edlinks.html
[23] lib/about_apod.html
[24] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190212
[25] ap190213.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[27] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[28] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[29] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[30] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[32] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/
[34] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[35] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 13
[2]
The Helix Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen
Image Credit & Copyright: Andrew Campbell [3]

Explanation: Is the Helix Nebula looking at you? No, not in any biological sense, but it does look quite like an eye. The Helix Nebula [4] is so named because it also appears that you are looking down the axis of a helix [5] . In actuality, it is now understood to have a surprisingly complex geometry [6] , including radial filaments and extended outer loops [7] . The Helix Nebula ( aka [8] NGC 7293) is one of brightest and closest examples of a planetary nebula [9] , a gas cloud created [10] at the end of the life of a Sun-like star. The remnant central stellar core, destined to become a white dwarf star [11] , glows in light so energetic [12] it causes the previously expelled gas to fluoresce [13] . The featured picture [14] , taken in the light emitted by oxygen [15] (shown in blue) and hydrogen [16] (shown in red), was created from 74 hours of exposure over three months from a small telescope in a backyard of suburban Melbourne [17] , Australia [18] . A close-up [19] of the inner edge [20] of the Helix Nebula shows complex gas knots of unknown origin [21] .

Tomorrow's picture: open space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [22] | Archive [23] | Submissions [24] | Index [25] | Search [26] | Calendar
[27] | RSS [28] | Education [29] | About APOD [30] | Discuss [31] | > [32] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [33] (MTU [34] ) & Jerry Bonnell [35]
(UMCP [36] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [37] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [38]
A service of: ASD [39] at NASA [40] / GSFC [41]
& Michigan Tech. U. [42]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/Helix_Campbell_1585.jpg
[3] https://www.facebook.com/AndysAstropix/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helix_Nebula
[5] http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Helix.html
[6] http://hubblesite.org/image/1605/news_release/2004-32
[7] ap180103.html
[8] https://grammarist.com/acronym/a-k-a-or-aka/
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_nebula
[10] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXNSYo8ZdoU
[11] https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/dwarfs2.html
[12] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/10_ultravioletwaves
[13] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YvN8zFhWn04
[14] https://www.astrobin.com/378608/C/
[15] https://periodic.lanl.gov/8.shtml
[16] http://www.astronomyknowhow.com/hydrogen-alpha.htm
[17] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fxRa7czldw0
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
[19] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UwAKNMC2PeM
[20] ap080413.html
[21] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ApJ...573L..55H
[22] ap190212.html
[23] archivepix.html
[24] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[25] lib/aptree.html
[26] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[27] calendar/allyears.html
[28] /apod.rss
[29] lib/edlinks.html
[30] lib/about_apod.html
[31] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190213
[32] ap190214.html
[33] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[34] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[35] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[36] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[37] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[39] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[40] https://www.nasa.gov/
[41] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[42] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 14
[2]
Solar System Family Portait
Image Credit: Voyager Project [3] , NASA [4]

Explanation: On Valentine's Day [5] in 1990, cruising four billion miles from the Sun, the Voyager 1 spacecraft looked back one last time to make this first ever Solar System family portrait [6] . The complete portrait is a 60 frame mosaic [7] made from a vantage point 32 degrees above the ecliptic plane [8] . In it, Voyager's wide angle camera frames sweep through the inner Solar System at the left, linking up with gas giant Neptune, the Solar System's [9] outermost planet, at the far right. Positions for Venus, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are indicated by letters, while the Sun is the bright spot near the center of the circle of frames. The inset frames [10]
for each of the planets are from Voyager's narrow field camera. Unseen in the portrait are Mercury, too close to the Sun to be detected, and Mars, unfortunately hidden by sunlight scattered in the camera's optical system. Closer to the Sun than Neptune at the time, small, faint Pluto's [11] position was not covered.

Tomorrow's picture: adios red planet rover

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Index [15] | Search [16] | Calendar
[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/ssportrait_vg1_big.jpg
[3] http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.nasa.gov/
[5] http://mars.nasa.gov/images/general/solidays/cards/ postcard_images/mars-is-red-poem-nasa-mars-card.jpg
[6] http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00451
[7] http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/ photogallery-solarsystem.html
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic
[9] http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/index.cfm
[10] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2010-048
[11] http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/News-Center/ News-Article.php?page=20150212
[12] ap190213.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190214
[22] ap190215.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 15
[2]
Opportunity at Perseverance Valley
Image Credit: NASA [3] , JPL-Caltech [4] , Kenneth Kremer [5] , Marco Di
Lorenzo

Explanation: Opportunity had [6] already reached Perseverance Valley [7] by June of 2018. Its [8] view is reconstructed in a colorized mosaic of images taken by the Mars Exploration Rover's [9] Navcam. In fact, Perseverance
Valley is an appropriate name for the destination [10] . Designed for a 90 day mission, Opportunity had traveled across Mars for over 5,000 sols (martian solar days) following a January 2004 landing [11] in Eagle crater. Covering a total distance of over 45 kilometers (28 miles), its intrepid journey of exploration across the Martian landscape has come to a close here. On June 10, 2018, the last transmission from the solar-powered rover was received as a
dust storm engulfed the Red Planet [12] . Though the storm has subsided, eight months of attempts to contact Opportunity have not been successful and its trailblazing mission ended after almost 15 years of exploring the surface of Mars [13] .

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [14] | Archive [15] | Submissions [16] | Index [17] | Search [18] | Calendar
[19] | RSS [20] | Education [21] | About APOD [22] | Discuss [23] | > [24] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [25] (MTU [26] ) & Jerry Bonnell [27]
(UMCP [28] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [29] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [30]
A service of: ASD [31] at NASA [32] / GSFC [33]
& Michigan Tech. U. [34]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/OpportunitySol5074_1a_kremer.jpg
[3] http://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[5] http://kenkremer.com/
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Endeavour_(crater)#The_journey_to_Endeavour
[7] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/ details.php?id=PIA22216
[8] ap150329.html
[9] https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/index.cfm
[10] ap1004.html
[11] ap040126.html
[12] ap180616.html
[13] https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/ nasas-record-setting-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end
[14] ap190214.html
[15] archivepix.html
[16] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[17] lib/aptree.html
[18] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[19] calendar/allyears.html
[20] /apod.rss
[21] lib/edlinks.html
[22] lib/about_apod.html
[23] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190215
[24] ap190216.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[28] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[29] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[31] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[34] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 16
[2]
NGC 2359: Thor's Helmet
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Ignacio Diaz Bobillo [4]

Explanation: NGC 2359 is a helmet-shaped cosmic cloud with wing-like
appendages popularly called Thor's Helmet. Heroically sized even for a Norse god [5] , Thor's Helmet is about 30 light-years across. In fact, the helmet is more like an interstellar bubble [6] , blown as a fast wind from the bright, massive star near the bubble's center inflates a region within the surrounding molecular cloud. Known as a Wolf-Rayet star [7] , the central star is an extremely hot giant thought to be in a brief, pre-supernova [8] stage of evolution. NGC 2359 is located [9] about 15,000 light-years away in the constellation Canis Major [10] . The remarkably detailed image [11] is a mixed cocktail of data from broadband and narrowband filters that captures natural looking stars and the glow of the nebula's [12] filamentary structures. It highlights a blue-green color from strong emission due to oxygen [13] atoms in the glowing gas.

Tomorrow's picture: shadow of a mechanical martian

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [14] | Archive [15] | Submissions [16] | Index [17] | Search [18] | Calendar
[19] | RSS [20] | Education [21] | About APOD [22] | Discuss [23] | > [24] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [25] (MTU [26] ) & Jerry Bonnell [27]
(UMCP [28] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [29] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [30]
A service of: ASD [31] at NASA [32] / GSFC [33]
& Michigan Tech. U. [34]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/thor_LHORHGOBO_final.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.pampaskies.com/gallery3/index.php
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thor
[6] ap131214.html
[7] http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/ask_astro/answers/ 980603a.html
[8] ap050910.html
[9] ap100319.html
[10] http://www.internal.org/view_poem.phtml?poemID=115
[11] http://www.pampaskies.com/gallery3/ Deep-Space-Objects/TH_LHORHGOBO_final
[12] http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/118/2/948
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulium
[14] ap190215.html
[15] archivepix.html
[16] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[17] lib/aptree.html
[18] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[19] calendar/allyears.html
[20] /apod.rss
[21] lib/edlinks.html
[22] lib/about_apod.html
[23] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190216
[24] ap190217.html
[25] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[26] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[27] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[28] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[29] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[31] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[32] https://www.nasa.gov/
[33] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[34] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 17
[2]
Shadow of a Martian Robot
Image Credit: Mars Exploration Rover Mission [3] , JPL [4] , NASA [5]

Explanation: What if you saw your shadow on Mars and it wasn't human [6] ?
Then you might be the Opportunity rover [7] currently exploring Mars. Opportunity explored the red planet [8] from 2004 to 2018, finding evidence
of ancient water [9] , and sending breathtaking images across the inner Solar System [10] . Pictured here [11] in 2004, Opportunity [12] looks opposite
the Sun into Endurance Crater [13] and sees its own shadow [14] . Two wheels are visible on the lower left and right, while the floor and walls of the unusual crater are visible [15] in the background. Caught in a dust storm in 2018 [16] , last week NASA stopped try contact Opportunity [17] and declare
the ground-breaking mission [18] , originally planned for only 92 days, complete [19] .

Tomorrow's picture: sky dragon

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [20] | Archive [21] | Submissions [22] | Index [23] | Search [24] | Calendar
[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/marsshadow_opportunity_1024.jpg
[3] https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/index.cfm
[4] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/
[6] ap160815.html
[7] https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/mission/overview/
[8] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mars/overview/
[9] ap040303.html
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_system
[11] http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mer/images.cfm?id=738
[12]
https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8414/ six-things-to-know-about-nasas-opportunity-rover/
[13] ap040510.html
[14] ap990830.html
[15] http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA06739
[16] ap190215.html
[17] https://youtu.be/1Ll-VHYxWXU
[18] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pun
[19]
https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8413/ nasas-opportunity-rover-mission-on-mars-comes-to-end/
[20] ap190216.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190217
[30] ap190218.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 19
Comet Iwamoto Before Spiral Galaxy NGC 2903
Video Credit & Copyright: Norbert Span [2]

Explanation: It isn't every night that a comet passes a galaxy. Last Thursday, though, binocular comet C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) [3] moved nearly in front of a spiral galaxy of approximately the same brightness: NGC 2903 [4] . Comet Iwamoto [5] was discovered late last year and orbits the Sun [6] in a long ellipse [7] . It last visited the inner Solar System during the Middle Ages
[8] , around the year 648. The comet [9] reached its closest point to the Sun -- between Earth and Mars -- on February 6, and its closest point to Earth
[10] a few days ago, on February 13. The featured time-lapse video [11] condenses almost three hours into about ten seconds, and was captured last
week from Switzerland [12] . At that time Comet Iwamoto [13] , sporting a
green coma [14] , was about 10 light minutes distant, while spiral galaxy NGC 2903 [15] remained about 30 million light years [16] away. Two satellites zip diagonally through the field about a third of the way through the video. Typically, a few comets [17] each year become as bright as Comet Iwamoto [18] .

Tomorrow's picture: a dangerous star

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [19] | Archive [20] | Submissions [21] | Index [22] | Search [23] | Calendar
[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] https://www.facebook.com/norbert.span.1
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C/2018_Y1_(Iwamoto)
[4] ap150410.html
[5] https://www.universetoday.com/141385/comet-y1-iwamoto-tops-out-in-february/
[6] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/
[7] https://www.intmath.com/plane-analytic-geometry/ellipse-interactive.php
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages
[9] https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/c-2018-y1-iwamoto-jan-feb-2019
[10] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/in-depth/
[11] https://www.facebook.com/norbert.span.1/posts/999275483604179
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland
[13] ap190209.html
[14] ap160605.html
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_2903
[16] https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/light-year/en/
[17] ap170923.html
[18] https://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/comet-iwamoto-ascends-and-brightens/
[19] ap190218.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190219
[29] ap190220.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2019 February 18 - Dragon Aurora over Iceland

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 18
Dragon Aurora over Iceland
Image Credit & Copyright: Jingyi Zhang & Wang Zheng

Explanation: Have you ever seen a dragon in the sky? Although real flying dragons don't exist, a huge dragon-shaped aurora developed in the sky over Iceland earlier this month. The aurora was caused by a hole in the Sun's
corona that expelled charged particles into a solar wind that followed a changing interplanetary magnetic field to Earth's magnetosphere. As some of those particles then struck Earth's atmosphere, they excited atoms which subsequently emitted light: aurora. This iconic display was so enthralling
that the photographer's mother ran out to see it and was captured in the foreground. No sunspots have appeared on the Sun so far in February, making
the multiple days of picturesque auroral activity this month somewhat surprising.

Tomorrow's picture: comet buzzes galaxy

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
< | Archive | Submissions | Index | Search | Calendar | RSS | Education |
About APOD | Discuss | > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff (MTU) & Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 20
[2]
Doomed Star Eta Carinae
Image Credit: NASA [3] , ESA [4] , Hubble [5] ; Processing & License [6] :
Judy Schmidt [7]

Explanation: Eta Carinae may be about to explode. But no one knows when - it may be next year, it may be one million years from now. Eta Carinae [8] 's
mass - about 100 times greater than our Sun [9] - makes it an excellent candidate for a full blown supernova [10] . Historical records do show that about 170 years ago Eta Carinae [11] underwent an unusual outburst that made it one of the brightest stars [12] in the southern sky [13] . Eta Carinae
[14] , in the Keyhole Nebula [15] , is the only star [16] currently thought
to emit natural LASER light [17] . This featured image [18] brings out
details in the unusual nebula [19] that surrounds this rogue star [20] . Diffraction spikes [21] , caused by the telescope, are visible as bright multi-colored streaks emanating from Eta Carinae's center. Two distinct lobes of the Homunculus Nebula [22] encompass the hot central region [23] , while some strange radial streaks are visible in red extending toward the image right. The lobes are filled [24] with lanes of gas and dust [25] which absorb the blue and ultraviolet light [26] emitted near the center. The streaks, however, remain unexplained [27] .

Tomorrow's picture: open space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [28] | Archive [29] | Submissions [30] | Index [31] | Search [32] | Calendar
[33] | RSS [34] | Education [35] | About APOD [36] | Discuss [37] | > [38] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
(UMCP [42] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [43] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [44]
A service of: ASD [45] at NASA [46] / GSFC [47]
& Michigan Tech. U. [48]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/EtaCarinae_HubbleSchmidt_1764.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.esa.int/
[5] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html
[6] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
[7] http://geckzilla.com/
[8] ap991011.html
[9] sun.html
[10] https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/objects/supernovae2.html
[11] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_Carinae
[12] http://www.astro.wisc.edu/%7Edolan/constellations/extra/brightest.html
[13] ap000618.html
[14] http://messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/etacar.html
[15] ap160814.html
[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaBxMo4b74g
[17] ap971129.html
[18] https://www.flickr.com/photos/geckzilla/32019832757/
[19] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NpnhCEqcRvY
[20] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997ARA%26A..35....1D
[21] ap010415.html
[22] ap140717.html
[23] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995ApJ...445L.121C
[24] https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7184
[25] ap030706.html
[26] https://science.nasa.gov/ems/10_ultravioletwaves
[27] http://en.bcdn.biz/Images/2016/6/22/2617d6e7-4f6a-4c46-9020-c3aee00f3c79.jpg
[28] ap190219.html
[29] archivepix.html
[30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[31] lib/aptree.html
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[33] calendar/allyears.html
[34] /apod.rss
[35] lib/edlinks.html
[36] lib/about_apod.html
[37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190220
[38] ap190221.html
[39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/
[47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[48] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 21
[2]
Reflections on vdB 9
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Guenter Kerschhuber [4]

Explanation: Centered in a well-composed celestial still life, pretty, blue
vdB 9 is the 9th object [5] in Sidney van den Bergh's 1966 catalog [6] of reflection nebulae. It shares this telescopic field of view, about twice the size of a full moon on the sky, with stars and dark, obscuring dust clouds in the northerly constellation Cassiopeia. Cosmic dust is preferentially reflecting blue starlight from embedded, hot star SU Cassiopeiae [7] , giving vdB 9 the characteristic bluish tint associated with a classical reflection nebula. SU Cas is a Cepheid variable star, though even at its brightest it is just too faint to be seen with the unaided eye. Still Cepheids play an important role in determining distances in our galaxy and beyond [8] . At the star's well-known distance of 1,540 light-years, this cosmic canvas [9] would be about 24 light-years across.

Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [10] | Archive [11] | Submissions [12] | Index [13] | Search [14] | Calendar
[15] | RSS [16] | Education [17] | About APOD [18] | Discuss [19] | > [20] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [21] (MTU [22] ) & Jerry Bonnell [23]
(UMCP [24] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [25] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [26]
A service of: ASD [27] at NASA [28] / GSFC [29]
& Michigan Tech. U. [30]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/20181013VDB9kerschhuber.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://kerschhuber.astronomie.at/index.html
[5] ap121026.html
[6] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1966AJ.....71..990V
[7] http://simbad.harvard.edu/simbad/ sim-basic?Ident=vdb+9&submit=SIMBAD+search
[8] http://heritage.stsci.edu/2011/15/caption.html
[9] http://kerschhuber.astronomie.at/Nebula/slides/VDB9.html
[10] ap190220.html
[11] archivepix.html
[12] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[13] lib/aptree.html
[14] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[15] calendar/allyears.html
[16] /apod.rss
[17] lib/edlinks.html
[18] lib/about_apod.html
[19] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190221
[20] ap190222.html
[21] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[22] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[24] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[25] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[26] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[27] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/
[29] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[30] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 22
[2]
NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge
Image Credit & Copyright [3] : Christoph Kaltseis [4] , CEDIC [5]

Explanation: Magnificent spiral galaxy NGC 4565 [6] is viewed edge-on from planet Earth. Also known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile, bright NGC 4565 is a stop on many telescopic tours of the northern sky, in the faint but well-groomed constellation Coma Berenices [7] . This sharp, colorful image reveals the galaxy's bulging central core cut by obscuring dust lanes [8]
that lace NGC 4565's thin galactic plane. An assortment of other background galaxies is included in the pretty field of view, with neighboring galaxy NGC 4562 at the upper right. NGC 4565 itself lies about 40 million light-years [9]
distant and spans some 100,000 light-years. Easily spotted with small telescopes, sky enthusiasts [10] consider NGC 4565 to be a prominent
celestial masterpiece Messier missed [11] .

Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Index [15] | Search [16] | Calendar
[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/N4565ps06d_35tp_Kaltseis2019.jpg
[3] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[4] http://www.christoph-kaltseis.com/
[5] http://www.cedic.at/en/cedic.php
[6] http://www.messier.seds.org/xtra/ngc/n4565.html
[7] http://www.dibonsmith.com/com_con.htm
[8] https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/ needle-edge.html
[9] http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/ cosmic_distance.html
[10] http://www.cloudynights.com/item.php?item_id=1059
[11] ap080419.html
[12] ap190221.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190222
[22] ap190223.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 23
[2]
The Stars of the Triangulum Galaxy
Image Credit: NASA [3] , ESA [4] , M. Durbin, J. Dalcanton, and B. F. Williams
(University of Washington [5] )

Explanation: Like grains of sand [6] on a cosmic beach, stars of the Triangulum Galaxy are resolved in this sharp mosaic from the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys ( ACS [7] ). The inner region of the galaxy spanning over 17,000 light-years is covered at extreme resolution, the second largest image [8] ever released by Hubble. At its center is the
bright, densely packed galactic core surrounded by a loose array of dark dust lanes mixed with the stars in the galactic plane. Also known as M33, the face-on spiral galaxy lies 3 million light-years away in the small northern constellation Triangulum. Over 50,000 light-years in diameter, the Triangulum Galaxy [9] is the third largest in the Local Group [10] of galaxies after the Andromeda Galaxy (M31), and our own Milky Way. Of course, to fully appreciate the Triangulum's stars, star clusters, and bright nebulae captured in this Hubble mosaic, you'll need to use a zoom tool [11] .

Tomorrow's picture: light echoes

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [12] | Archive [13] | Submissions [14] | Index [15] | Search [16] | Calendar
[17] | RSS [18] | Education [19] | About APOD [20] | Discuss [21] | > [22] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [23] (MTU [24] ) & Jerry Bonnell [25]
(UMCP [26] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [27] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [28]
A service of: ASD [29] at NASA [30] / GSFC [31]
& Michigan Tech. U. [32]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/heic1901aTriangulum.jpg
[3] https://www.nasa.gov/
[4] http://www.esa.int/ESA
[5] http://depts.washington.edu/astron/
[6] http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/staff/gmackie/billions.html
[7] http://hubblesite.org/sci.d.tech/nuts_.and._bolts/ instruments/acs/
[8] https://spacetelescope.org/news/heic1901/
[9] ap180927.html
[10] http://atlasoftheuniverse.com/localgr.html
[11] https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1901a/zoomable/
[12] ap190222.html
[13] archivepix.html
[14] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[15] lib/aptree.html
[16] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[17] calendar/allyears.html
[18] /apod.rss
[19] lib/edlinks.html
[20] lib/about_apod.html
[21] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190223
[22] ap190224.html
[23] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[24] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[25] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[26] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[27] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[28] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[29] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[30] https://www.nasa.gov/
[31] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[32] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 24
The Expanding Echoes of Supernova 1987A
Video Credit & Copyright: David Malin [2] , AAT [3]

Explanation: Can you find supernova 1987A? It isn't hard -- it occurred at the center of the expanding bullseye pattern [4] . Although this stellar
detonation was first seen in 1987, light from SN 1987A [5] continued to
bounce off clumps of interstellar dust [6] and be reflected to us even many years later. Light echoes [7] recorded between 1988 and 1992 by the Anglo Australian Telescope [8] (AAT) in Australia [9] are shown moving out from the position of the supernova in the featured time-lapse sequence. These images were composed by subtracting an LMC image taken before the supernova [10]
light arrived from later LMC images that included the supernova echo. Other prominent light echo [11] sequences include those taken by the EROS2 [12] and SuperMACHO [13] sky monitoring projects. Studies [14] of expanding light
echo [15] rings around other supernovas have enabled more accurate determinations of the location, date, and symmetry [16] of these tremendous stellar explosions. Yesterday marked the 32nd anniversary of SN 1987A [17] : the last recoded supernova in or around our Milky Way Galaxy [18] , and the last to be visible to the unaided eye.

Open Science: Browse 1,800+ codes in the Astrophysics Source Code Library [19]

Tomorrow's picture: sky sprite

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [20] | Archive [21] | Submissions [22] | Index [23] | Search [24] | Calendar
[25] | RSS [26] | Education [27] | About APOD [28] | Discuss [29] | > [30] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [31] (MTU [32] ) & Jerry Bonnell [33]
(UMCP [34] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [35] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [36]
A service of: ASD [37] at NASA [38] / GSFC [39]
& Michigan Tech. U. [40]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] https://www.davidmalin.com/dfm/general/about_dfm.html
[3] https://www.aao.gov.au/about-us/AAT
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullseye_(target)
[5] http://heritage.stsci.edu/1999/04/sn1987anino.html
[6] ap030706.html
[7]
http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/images/ 2662-ssc2005-14d-Illustration-of-a-Light-Echo
[8] https://www.aao.gov.au/about-us/anglo-australian-telescope
[9] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia
[10] https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_echo
[12] http://eros.in2p3.fr/EchoesSN1987a/
[13] ap060125.html
[14] https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0510738
[15] https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02643
[16] http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...767...45S
[17] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A
[18] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/285/the-milky-way-galaxy/
[19] http://ascl.net/code/all
[20] ap190223.html
[21] archivepix.html
[22] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[23] lib/aptree.html
[24] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[25] calendar/allyears.html
[26] /apod.rss
[27] lib/edlinks.html
[28] lib/about_apod.html
[29] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190224
[30] ap190225.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[32] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[33] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[34] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[35] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[36] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[37] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/
[39] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[40] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 26
Simulation TNG50: A Galaxy Cluster Forms
Video Credit: IllustrisTNG Project [2] ; Visualization: Dylan Nelson [3] ( Max
Planck Institute for Astrophysics [4] ) et al.
Music: Symphony No. 5 [5] ( Ludwig van Beethoven [6] ), via YouTube Audio
Library [7]

Explanation: How do clusters of galaxies form? Since our universe moves too slowly to watch, faster-moving computer simulations are created to help find out. A recent effort is TNG50 [8] from IllustrisTNG [9] , an upgrade of the famous Illustris Simulation [10] . The first part of the featured video [11] tracks cosmic gas (mostly hydrogen [12] ) as it evolves into galaxies [13]
and galaxy clusters [14] from the early universe to today, with brighter
colors marking faster moving gas. As the universe matures, gas falls into gravitational wells [15] , galaxies forms, galaxies spin, galaxies collide and merge, all while black holes form in galaxy centers [16] and expel surrounding gas at high speeds. The second half of the video [17] switches to tracking stars, showing a galaxy cluster coming together complete with tidal tail [18]
s and stellar streams [19] . The outflow from black holes in TNG50 [20] is surprisingly complex [21] and details are being compared with our real universe [22] . Studying how [23] gas coalesced in the early universe [24] helps humanity better understand how our Earth [25] , Sun [26] , and Solar System [27] originally formed.

Tomorrow's picture: horse-belt orange

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [28] | Archive [29] | Submissions [30] | Index [31] | Search [32] | Calendar
[33] | RSS [34] | Education [35] | About APOD [36] | Discuss [37] | > [38] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [39] (MTU [40] ) & Jerry Bonnell [41]
(UMCP [42] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [43] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [44]
A service of: ASD [45] at NASA [46] / GSFC [47]
& Michigan Tech. U. [48]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] http://www.tng-project.org/people/
[3] https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~dnelson/
[4] https://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven
[7] https://www.youtube.com/audiolibrary/music
[8] http://www.tng-project.org/about/
[9] http://www.tng-project.org/
[10] http://www.illustris-project.org/
[11] http://www.tng-project.org/media/
[12] https://periodic.lanl.gov/1.shtml
[13] ap181009.html
[14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy_cluster
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity_well
[16] ap991017.html
[17] http://www.tng-project.org/media/
[18] ap100926.html
[19] ap140117.html
[20] https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05553
[21] http://playworkschicago.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Picture1.jpg
[22] ap180305.html
[23] https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.05554
[24] https://jwst.nasa.gov/firstlight.html
[25] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/earth/in-depth/
[26] https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/solar-system/sun/in-depth/
[27] https://www.solarsystemscope.com/
[28] ap190225.html
[29] archivepix.html
[30] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[31] lib/aptree.html
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[33] calendar/allyears.html
[34] /apod.rss
[35] lib/edlinks.html
[36] lib/about_apod.html
[37] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190226
[38] ap190227.html
[39] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[40] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[41] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[42] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[43] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[44] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[45] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[46] https://www.nasa.gov/
[47] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[48] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)

APOD: 2019 February 25 - Red Sprite Lightning over Kununurra

Astronomy Picture of the Day

Discover the cosmos! [1] Each day a different image or photograph of our
fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a
professional astronomer.

2019 February 25
[2]
Red Sprite Lightning over Kununurra
Image Credit & Copyright: Ben Broady [3]

Explanation: What are those red filaments in the sky? It is a rarely seen form of lightning confirmed only about 30 years ago: red sprites [4] . Recent research has shown that following a powerful positive cloud-to-ground
lightning [5] strike, red sprites [6] may start as 100-meter balls of
ionized air [7] that shoot down from about 80-km high at 10 percent the speed of light [8] and are quickly followed [9] by a group of upward streaking ionized balls. The featured image [10] , taken just over a week ago in Kununurra [11] , Western Australia [12] , captured some red sprites while shooting a time-lapse sequence of a distant lightning storm. Pictured, green trees cover the foreground, dark mountains are seen on the horizon, ominous storm clouds [13] hover over the distant land, while red sprites [14] appear in front of stars far in the distance. Red sprites [15] take only a fraction of a second to occur [16] and are best seen when powerful thunderstorm [17] s are visible from the side.

Tomorrow's picture: evolving universe [18]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------- < [19] | Archive [20] | Submissions [21] | Index [22] | Search [23] | Calendar
[24] | RSS [25] | Education [26] | About APOD [27] | Discuss [28] | > [29] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff [30] (MTU [31] ) & Jerry Bonnell [32]
(UMCP [33] )
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply [34] .
NASA Web Privacy Policy and Important Notices [35]
A service of: ASD [36] at NASA [37] / GSFC [38]
& Michigan Tech. U. [39]
----------
Site notes:
[1] archivepix.html
[2] image/1902/RedSprites_Broady_3000.jpg
[3] http://www.benbroady.com/about/
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_sprite
[5] ap120723.html
[6] ap120829.html
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionized-air_glow
[8] https://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_gp_sl.html#sol
[9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATmpgZoMRM0
[10]
https://www.facebook.com/BenBroady/photos/ pb.1648435622056598.-2207520000.1550870632./2336202899946530/?type=3&theater
[11] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kununurra,_Western_Australia
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia
[13] ap100821.html
[14]
https://astrobob.areavoices.com/2018/05/26/ how-to-see-elusive-red-sprites-on-thundery-nights/
[15]
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/ red-sprites-blue-jets-and-elves-what-are-these-mysterious-elusive-phenomena/ 2012/09/17/33248346-007d-11e2-b260-32f4a8db9b7e_blog.html
[16] ap141013.html
[17] ap130505.html
[18] ap190226.html
[19] ap190224.html
[20] archivepix.html
[21] lib/apsubmit2015.html
[22] lib/aptree.html
[23] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search
[24] calendar/allyears.html
[25] /apod.rss
[26] lib/edlinks.html
[27] lib/about_apod.html
[28] http://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=190225
[29] ap190226.html
[30] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html
[31] http://www.phy.mtu.edu/
[32] https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html
[33] http://www.astro.umd.edu/
[34] lib/about_apod.html#srapply
[35] https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html
[36] https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/
[37] https://www.nasa.gov/
[38] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/
[39] http://www.mtu.edu/

--- Mystic BBS v1.12 A43 (Windows/32)
* Origin: FIDONet - The Positronium Repository (1:393/68)