• MESO: Nws Weather Prediction Center College Park Md

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 4 08:22:38 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 040822
    FFGMPD
    MIZ000-041420-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1043
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    421 AM EDT Mon Oct 04 2021

    Areas affected...portions of Lower Michigan

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 040820Z - 041420Z

    Summary...Development of convection close to an upper low across
    southern Lower Michigan is posing a localized flash-flood threat
    this morning. This risk could continue through 14Z.

    Discussion...Robust convective development has occurred over the
    past 1-1.5 hours across southern Lower Michigan. The development
    is likely tied to mid-level impulses rotating around a broader
    mid-level low over the Great Lakes and surface convergence near a
    low near LAN and a weak front extending eastward to near MTC. The thermodynamic environment supporting the convection is lacking
    strong surface-based instability, although PW values of 1.3-1.5
    inches are assisting in efficiency of some of the convection.=20
    Furthermore, flow aloft is quite weak, causing storms to only
    drift erratically at around 5-10 knots. The slow storm motions
    are the primary driver for heavy rainfall, with MRMS estimates of
    2 inch/hr rainfall rates near the heaviest convection and nearby
    ground truth measurements in the 1-2 inch range. The higher
    rainfall rates have potential to exceed FFG thresholds (generally
    in the 1.5-2 inch/hr range across the discussion area) on a
    localized basis.

    Convective coverage and duration are a bit uncertain. The
    unfavorable time of day (nearing minimum for near-surface warming
    and attendant instability) is a potential mitigating factor for
    more widespread convection (and higher flash-flood risk). It
    appears that the slowly evolving synoptic scenario could
    potentially support renewed development of convection at times
    over the next 3-6 hours, with slow storm motions and adequate
    moisture supporting localized flash flooding. It is worth noting
    that most models do not have a good handle on current convective
    trends in the discussion area.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!stXta4CfIBGh9hw3zZwU77s6sDkraYroPppUCl6k0min0cj2znr5v73jsKnQOpUNAXWg= ZUZ9$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...APX...DTX...GRR...

    ATTN...RFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44048455 43898358 43338289 42718277 42208299=20
    42128383 42208463 43048477 43648493=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 4 12:40:15 2021
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    ------------=_1633351219-91550-6933
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    AWUS01 KWNH 041240
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-ALZ000-041708-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1044
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    838 AM EDT Mon Oct 04 2021

    Areas affected...Coastal AL into Western FL Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 041238Z - 041708Z

    Summary...A flooding threat will continue across portions of
    coastal AL into the western FL Panhandle.

    Discussion...Convection has expanded in coverage the past few
    hours over coastal AL into the western FL Panhandle. MLCAPE has
    been on a gradual increase overnight into early this
    morning...with values currently around 1500 J/kg...and PWs running
    around 1.8". So nothing too extreme...however CAPE profiles are
    tall and skinny...likely resulting in some pretty efficient
    rainfall processes, making the most of the moisture that we do
    have in place. Activity is developing along a low level
    convergence axis that has become a bit better defined early this
    morning...and cell motions are generally parallel (off to the
    east) to this boundary...with some backbuilding into the southerly
    low level inflow as well. These factors are resulting in some persistence/training of convection. Instantaneous rainfall rates
    are around 3-4" per hour in the heaviest cores...and with the
    persistence mentioned above...this is resulting in hourly totals
    of 2-3" within the strongest cores.

    There is some uncertainty with evolution through the morning
    hours. The convergence axis should persist, and not much expected
    to change with the background PWs/instability. Large scale forcing
    may actually improve some as the upper jet to the west moves into
    a more favorable position. These factors argue for a continuation
    of convection. However convective outflows and southerly
    backbuilding may eventually either push the better convergence and
    instability just offshore...or erode instability along the narrow
    convergence axis. So with time this morning rainfall rates over
    the MPD area may very well trend downward as instability erodes
    along the narrow convergence axis...but before that happens
    pockets of intense rainfall will remain possible. Given the rain
    that has already fallen...and several flash flood warnings already issued...this additional rain will likely produce some instances
    of additional flooding over at least the next few hours.

    Chenard

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sz68pyb7FBcw7J1lZn9umtOIOava4KsIQxmpctDMDVj6wY2GpVyVQhzeqxJh8wSRAHyr= 5Z2N$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30808729 30778635 30538571 30298594 30328672=20
    30218760 30248801 30468802 30718765=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 4 18:06:21 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 041806
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-050000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1045
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    205 PM EDT Mon Oct 04 2021

    Areas affected...southeastern MS into AL and western GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 041801Z - 050000Z

    Summary...Flash flooding will be possible across portions of AL
    into western GA through early evening. Periods of training will
    support rainfall rates in the 2-4 in/hr range at times and
    rainfall totals of 3-6 inches. Coverage of these higher rainfall
    totals should remain localized to widely scattered, however.

    Discussion...Regional radar imagery at 1730Z showed an axis of
    training heavy rain oriented from WSW to ENE across the Columbus,
    GA metropolitan region, where several Wunderground.com reports
    have reached into the 3 to 6 inch range in Lee, Muscogee and
    Russell counties since early this morning. A resultant outflow
    boundary was noted just south of the heavy rainfall axis, oriented
    parallel to individual cell motions, supporting training. Hourly
    rainfall totals of 2-3 inches have been observed so far within an
    axis of 1.5-1.8 inch precipitable water values that was in place
    from southern MS/AL into western GA. Daytime heating beneath
    scattered cloud cover has resulted in early afternoon MLCAPE
    values of 1000-1500 J/kg via the 17Z SPC mesoanalysis across the
    region, allowing for a recent increase in the coverage of
    scattered convection across south-central AL into southern MS.
    Water vapor imagery showed that the flow aloft was diffluent and
    several small scale vorticity maxima were observed within the WSW
    mid-upper level flow over the Gulf Coast states, supporting lift.

    Additional showers and thunderstorms are likely to form across
    southern MS into south-central AL and western GA as confluent low
    level flow focuses across AL into western GA, ahead of a cold
    front that stretched from NE to SW across the southern U.S.
    Deeper-layer mean flow oriented roughly parallel to the low level
    flow and to subsequent convectively driven outflow boundaries will
    support periods of training heavy rain throughout the afternoon
    into the early evening hours. Peak rainfall rates in the 2-4 in/hr
    range may support a few 3-6 inch totals through 00Z. Despite
    fairly dry antecedent conditions, localized to widely scattered
    instances of flash flooding will be possible.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qCYQ2QGoCcKDFA7yHZQdqG7a97yBgvlEyVze1mby-boBfW2fG6Dl3C4tcdLp_GdbF6BF= grWc$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...JAN...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 33488454 32478423 31758559 31168723 31128817=20
    31248865 31738870 32378833 33028714 33368599=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 4 23:35:30 2021
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    ------------=_1633390533-91550-7128
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    AWUS01 KWNH 042335
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-LAZ000-050533-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1046
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    734 PM EDT Mon Oct 04 2021

    Areas affected...portions of central Gulf Coast

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 042333Z - 050533Z

    Summary...Ongoing convection over southeastern LA into southern MS
    will continue to pose a localized and short term flash flood
    threat while a secondary threat may begin to develop prior to 06Z
    from the western FL Panhandle into southern AL. Peak rainfall
    rates of 2-4 inches in an hour are expected.

    Discussion...Regional radar imagery as of 2300Z showed a broken
    axis of thunderstorms stretching from south of Lake Pontchartrain
    into far southeastern MS and southwestern AL, located near and
    east of a quasi-stationary front analyzed through the region.
    Storms were located along and on the cool side of an outflow
    boundary in southeastern LA with overrunning flow aloft from the
    WSW. Storms were also within a favorable location with respect to
    a developing closed low over the ArkLaTex as seen on water vapor
    imagery. Flow aloft was diffluent and a 70-80 kt speed max was
    estimated by the RAP to be located from western LA into central
    AL. The 23Z SPC mesoanalysis showed a precipitable water gradient
    aligned with the front, with values near 1.5 inches along the
    frontal boundary, increasing to 2 inches south of the Mississippi
    River Delta. MLCAPE values of 1500-2000 J/kg were also shown in
    the SPC mesoanalysis.

    Ongoing thunderstorms across southeastern LA into adjacent
    portions of MS are expected to wane in coverage as the loss of
    daytime heating reduces CAPE and stabilizing outflow continues to
    press south and west. However, as the mid/upper low continues to
    close off, short term RAP forecasts support backing of the upper
    flow across MS/AL along with a piece of the upper jet translating
    into central/northern AL by 06Z. Meanwhile, the portion of the
    upper jet over LA is expected to translate southward, with a
    relative minimum in magnitude setting up over the Gulf Coast
    (coupled divergence aloft). 850 mb winds are expected to increase
    into the 15-25 kt range from the south, located east of a
    retrograding 850 mb low currently located just east of Mobile Bay.
    The increase in 850 mb flow should be fairly close to the 850-300
    mb mean-layer winds, favoring training of cells that form. Large
    scale lift along with favorable forecasts of thermodynamic
    profiles will likely aid in the development of nocturnal
    convection near the AL and western FL Gulf Coasts, with storms
    possibly extending northward into parts of southern AL. The time
    frame for expected development is 03Z-06Z, but it may also hold
    off until after the expiration of this MPD. Given heavy rain that
    impacted the region over the past 24 hours, some locations will be
    at greater risk for flash flooding.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!o_ZvL2aNzGswMTxHbmy7CO8_mAUnYodR_QYQBHuaiPR6w2KKKtHSB4yMSgNqfkfjeYK0= _j-m$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...JAN...LIX...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32218654 32168577 31608566 30598609 30198648=20
    30108730 30018880 29739020 29899057 30259057=20
    30689051 31039011 31588891 31958761=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 05:57:31 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 050557
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-051154-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1047
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    156 AM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...southern/eastern Alabama and much of Georgia

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 050554Z - 051154Z

    Summary...Slow-moving, heavy downpours will persist and gradually
    expand northward into more of northern/western Georgia and
    southeastern Alabama over the next 3-6 hours. These storms will
    likely pose a flash flood threat (locally significant).

    Discussion...Radar trends indicate increasing amounts of
    convection particularly in southern Alabama and the western
    Florida Panhandle. The storms are responding to lift from a
    fairly substantial mid-level impulse approaching from the Lower
    Mississippi Valley and pronounced mid/upper difluence
    overspreading the region. Very moist profiles were evident in
    point forecast soundings and objective analyses (1.75-2 inch PW
    values areawide), and that moisture was being maintained by
    low-level flow trajectories originating from the Gulf of Mexico.=20 Additionally, flow fields aloft were unidirectional from the
    south-southwest around 15-25 kts, further supporting slow
    convective movement in addition to backbuilding and localized
    training. Latest indications are that focused convective
    development continues along an axis from Mobile/Pensacola to near
    Auburn, where a few areas of substantial MRMS FLASH responses were
    noted amid peak rain rates of 1-2.5 inches/hr. Additional
    shower/thunderstorm activity was increasing just east of this axis.

    Models (particularly the HRRR and high-res NAM) and observations
    all suggest continued expansion of convection along the
    aforementioned Pensacola-to-Auburn axis through the next several
    hours. we This axis will gradually shift eastward while expanding
    northward, potentially overspreading the Atlanta Metro area after
    about 08Z. Pockets of 4 inch/hr rain rates cannot be completely
    ruled out. The heavier rain rates will readily exceed FFG
    thresholds in the region tonight through early morning, and
    significant flash flooding cannot be completely ruled out.
    Widespread 1-3 inch rainfall totals are expected and a few areas
    exceeding 6 inches cannot be ruled out beneath heavier/more
    persistent convection.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rt7cweshmmpZWsny3DqeNHyguKuXLwvdDLmHDlh_2qldCPDUChE2pNgAhm_MWDpqOgAv= dFBi$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...GSP...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34818416 34368327 33448316 32508309 31518347=20
    30568388 29878450 29598512 29828563 30008650=20
    29978792 30528818 31208785 32888651 33818559=20
    34548485=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 13:01:51 2021
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    ------------=_1633438918-91550-7258
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051301
    FFGMPD
    SCZ000-FLZ000-GAZ000-051659-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1048
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    859 AM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...FL Panhandle, central GA, western SC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051259Z - 051659Z

    Summary...Localized areas of flash flooding are expected this
    morning along a relatively narrow corridor stretching from
    portions of the FL Panhandle into central GA and far western SC.

    Discussion...Instability across the region is pretty minimal, but
    enough to support embedded heavier convective cores embedded
    within the broader area of lighter rain. PWs are around 1.75",
    which is around the cliamtological 90th percentile per SPC
    sounding climatology in the area. So not necessarily as high as we
    can often get during flash flood events...but nonetheless the tall
    skinny CAPE profiles combined with these PWs are still supportive
    of efficient warm rain processes. And the general look of
    radar/satellite imagery does seem to indicate some lower topped
    warm rain occurring...likely helping locally enhance rainfall
    rates.

    Upper level divergence was quite impressive over the region in the
    right entrance region of a jet streak. With time this morning this
    divergence is forecast to gradually weaken as the jet shifts
    northward and weakens to some extent. So the overall synoptic
    support for heavy rainfall does seem to be on the decline as
    compared to earlier this morning. Thus not currently expecting
    rainfall totals over the next several hours to match what fell
    over the past 12 hours over the FL Panhandle into southeast AL.
    However recent radar/satellite imagery does show some uptick in
    rainfall intensity on the eastern edge of the rainfall
    should...likely where some better instability is advecting in.
    Hourly rainfall totals up to 2" appear possible within convective
    elements developing on this eastern edge...with some spots locally
    exceeding 3" over the next couple hours.

    Not currently expecting numerous or widespread flash flood issues
    over the next several hours...but the aforementioned rainfall
    should be enough to at least realize localized areas of flash flooding...especially across any more susceptible areas. It is
    worth noting that this favored axis for localized flash flooding
    is a bit east of the rainfall axis depicted by recent (08z-11z)
    HRRR runs.


    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vmeID-79trtp-U9Z5282zLMv8wugBhp8_eGkHfjk_17UosT7b7MMZv7vrD_64B2Gnkz1= TDGa$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...FFC...GSP...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34938231 34738191 34168240 33408309 32688361=20
    31038419 30198419 29918453 31428484 32288467=20
    33428420 34398344 34838295=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 17:29:17 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051729
    FFGMPD
    AZZ000-NVZ000-CAZ000-052327-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1049
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    128 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Far Eastern CA...Southern NV...Western and
    Northern AZ

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051727Z - 052327Z

    SUMMARY...Scattered areas of showers and thunderstorms are
    expected to increase in coverage going through the late-morning
    and early to mid-afternoon hours. The rainfall rates may be heavy
    enough to result in some areas of flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...There is a well-defined upper-level low seen in
    GOES-16 WV satellite imagery advancing east across far southern CA
    and northern areas of Baja California. This is yielding rather
    strong dynamic forcing downstream across areas of southern NV and
    a large area of western and northern AZ where notably divergent
    flow seen aloft is facilitating deeper layer ascent. In fact, the
    latest Airmass RGB satellite imagery suggests a rather strong PV
    anomaly with the core of the upper low, and the 12Z GFS does show
    a 3 to 4 PVU (500/250 mb) magnitude tropopause fold attendant to
    the upper low.

    The leading edge of this PV anomaly is already favoring scattered
    areas of showers and thunderstorms across areas of far eastern CA,
    western AZ and southern NV where there is at least some very
    modest instability in place (MLCAPE values of 500+ j/kg). Farther
    east, there is also an area of showers impacting portions of the
    Mogollon Rim and adjacent areas of northern AZ where a channel of
    deeper layer and moist southerly flow is working in tandem with
    orographic forcing and the divergent flow aloft for pockets of
    locally heavier rain.

    So far, the rates have been quite modest with the ongoing
    activity, and generally under a 0.50" per hour. However, going
    through the remainder of the late-morning time frame, and
    especially by early to mid-afternoon, there should be a notable
    expansion of shower and thunderstorm activity as the arrival of a
    jet-streak rounding the base of the upper low yields robust
    left-exit region jet forcing/dynamics for enhanced vertical
    ascent. This will be coinciding with stronger diurnal heating of
    the boundary layer with the expectation of seeing pockets of
    MLCAPE exceeding 1500 j/kg materializing in the 18Z to 21Z time
    frame. Some of this will also be related to the steepening
    mid-level lapse rates associated with the upper low.

    The downstream moisture environment will be rather favorable for
    efficient convection capable of enhanced rainfall rates, and the
    latest CIRA-LPW data shows notable subtropical/monsoonal fetches
    of moisture advancing north across Baja California and adjacent
    downstream areas of northwest Mexico in the 850/700 mb and 700/500
    mb layers.

    This coupled with the pooling of instability and stronger dynamic
    forcing this afternoon should allow for convection that will be
    capable of producing hourly amounts of as much 1 to 1.5 inches
    with the stronger/deeper convective cores and much of this perhaps
    falling in as little as 30 to 45 minutes. In fact, the latest 12Z
    HREF guidance does show high probabilities (50% to 70%) of seeing
    at least a 0.50" of rain in one hour more broadly across
    west-central to northwest AZ in the 21Z to 00Z time frame as
    convection reaches peak intensity/maturity.

    Expect there to be concerns for some flash flooding as a result of
    these heavier rainfall rates going through the afternoon hours.
    There will as usual be concerns for any of the area burn scar
    locations and dry washes which are highly susceptible to enhanced
    runoff.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rQG1bVxwcIMWZvlYPlyq1V-zfaHdrV8S6xzk-TIQyPUIMS4vQpB7hcu9fT190HCaFnLt= Fw7g$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FGZ...PSR...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36971220 36311036 35390977 34291007 33101117=20
    32781218 32671368 33081439 34361455 34781488=20
    35411559 35951602 36611577 36951427=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 18:00:46 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051729
    FFGMPD
    AZZ000-NVZ000-CAZ000-052327-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1049
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    128 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Far Eastern CA...Southern NV...Western and
    Northern AZ

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051727Z - 052327Z

    SUMMARY...Scattered areas of showers and thunderstorms are
    expected to increase in coverage going through the late-morning
    and early to mid-afternoon hours. The rainfall rates may be heavy
    enough to result in some areas of flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...There is a well-defined upper-level low seen in
    GOES-16 WV satellite imagery advancing east across far southern CA
    and northern areas of Baja California. This is yielding rather
    strong dynamic forcing downstream across areas of southern NV and
    a large area of western and northern AZ where notably divergent
    flow seen aloft is facilitating deeper layer ascent. In fact, the
    latest Airmass RGB satellite imagery suggests a rather strong PV
    anomaly with the core of the upper low, and the 12Z GFS does show
    a 3 to 4 PVU (500/250 mb) magnitude tropopause fold attendant to
    the upper low.

    The leading edge of this PV anomaly is already favoring scattered
    areas of showers and thunderstorms across areas of far eastern CA,
    western AZ and southern NV where there is at least some very
    modest instability in place (MLCAPE values of 500+ j/kg). Farther
    east, there is also an area of showers impacting portions of the
    Mogollon Rim and adjacent areas of northern AZ where a channel of
    deeper layer and moist southerly flow is working in tandem with
    orographic forcing and the divergent flow aloft for pockets of
    locally heavier rain.

    So far, the rates have been quite modest with the ongoing
    activity, and generally under a 0.50" per hour. However, going
    through the remainder of the late-morning time frame, and
    especially by early to mid-afternoon, there should be a notable
    expansion of shower and thunderstorm activity as the arrival of a
    jet-streak rounding the base of the upper low yields robust
    left-exit region jet forcing/dynamics for enhanced vertical
    ascent. This will be coinciding with stronger diurnal heating of
    the boundary layer with the expectation of seeing pockets of
    MLCAPE exceeding 1500 j/kg materializing in the 18Z to 21Z time
    frame. Some of this will also be related to the steepening
    mid-level lapse rates associated with the upper low.

    The downstream moisture environment will be rather favorable for
    efficient convection capable of enhanced rainfall rates, and the
    latest CIRA-LPW data shows notable subtropical/monsoonal fetches
    of moisture advancing north across Baja California and adjacent
    downstream areas of northwest Mexico in the 850/700 mb and 700/500
    mb layers.

    This coupled with the pooling of instability and stronger dynamic
    forcing this afternoon should allow for convection that will be
    capable of producing hourly amounts of as much 1 to 1.5 inches
    with the stronger/deeper convective cores and much of this perhaps
    falling in as little as 30 to 45 minutes. In fact, the latest 12Z
    HREF guidance does show high probabilities (50% to 70%) of seeing
    at least a 0.50" of rain in one hour more broadly across
    west-central to northwest AZ in the 21Z to 00Z time frame as
    convection reaches peak intensity/maturity.

    Expect there to be concerns for some flash flooding as a result of
    these heavier rainfall rates going through the afternoon hours.
    There will as usual be concerns for any of the area burn scar
    locations and dry washes which are highly susceptible to enhanced
    runoff.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!o4zOQDF8PhsmFqSNLtX45vE16mRSijbinZHcNDWY6lDEcBvVss4FEZuN_U-PAofJRr-v= cOZe$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FGZ...PSR...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36971220 36311036 35390977 34291007 33101117=20
    32781218 32671368 33081439 34361455 34781488=20
    35411559 35951602 36611577 36951427=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 19:32:51 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633462376-91550-7354
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051932
    FFGMPD
    DEZ000-MDZ000-VAZ000-060130-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1050
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    331 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Central/Northeast VA...Southern/Eastern
    MD...Southern DE

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051930Z - 060130Z

    SUMMARY...Slow-moving and locally backbuilding showers and
    thunderstorms are expected to produce some locally heavy rainfall
    totals going through the afternoon and early evening hours. A few
    instances of flash flooding will be possible.

    DISCUSSION...The latest surface analysis in conjunction with
    GOES-16 visible satellite imagery shows a cold front very slowly
    moving south down across the Mid-Atlantic region with the boundary
    focused at 18Z over central to northeast VA and extending east
    across the Delmarva. The boundary over the last couple hours has
    been helping to initiate very slow-moving and locally backbuilding
    areas of showers and thunderstorms across portions of lower
    southern MD and into the central Delmarva.

    An area of low pressure is noted just north of Patuxent River, MD
    along the front and this feature appears to be facilitating an
    axis of relatively stronger surface convergence/forcing along and
    east of within the broader axis of ongoing convection. There is
    plenty of diurnally-aided instability pooling along the front as
    well, with the latest RAP analysis showing as much as 1500+ j/kg
    of MLCAPE along the front.

    PWs across the area are as high as 1.6 to 1.8 inches, and the
    moist low-level Atlantic inflow just north of the front across the
    Delmarva is helping to enhance the moisture transport into the
    region which should help yield generally more efficient convection
    for heavier rainfall rates. Already the latest area dual-pol radar
    data suggests hourly QPEs of 1.5 to 2+ inches.

    The convection may tend to expand a bit more in coverage over the
    next few hours given the pooling of instability and localized
    forcing along the front which will only be very slowly edging
    south going into the evening hours. The concern over the next
    couple of hours will likely tend to be more over southern MD and
    the Delmarva, but there will be some concerns for convection to
    develop and focus further west across areas of central VA going
    into the evening hours.

    Given the slow cell-motions and likelihood for convection to
    remain locally anchored near the aforementioned front, there will
    be at least some localized concerns for excessive rainfall totals.
    Some spotty rainfall totals of 2 to 4 inches will be possible
    according to the latest HRRR guidance, and this may result in a
    few instances of flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rmQHZ8uNIIW6anQfCfz8qLWKJiXoNNbpMFX2efzfi29Bkgbm1ugOJ9UdhoQ_jy5-M0B6= 37XF$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...AKQ...LWX...PHI...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38867622 38757540 38417508 37937550 37657715=20
    37687854 38107891 38497849 38647737=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 21:47:52 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633470474-91550-7393
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    AWUS01 KWNH 052147
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-ALZ000-060345-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1051
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    545 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Central/Southern AL...Western FL Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 052145Z - 060345Z

    SUMMARY...Clusters of slow-moving showers and thunderstorms with
    heavy rainfall rates will pose some concerns for flash flooding
    going into the evening hours.

    DISCUSSION...The late-day GOES-16 visible satellite imagery is
    suggesting an area of stronger moisture convergence and related
    forcing setting up across areas of central/southern AL and far
    western areas of the FL Panhandle in vicinity of a
    quasi-stationary frontal zone that is oriented generally south to
    north around the eastern flank of a deep closed low seen slowly
    retrograding westward into the lower MS Valley. Somewhat stronger
    low-level flow and the pooling of instability with MLCAPE values
    of 1000 to 1500 j/kg are noted along the front, and over the last
    hour there has been an area of heavy showers and thunderstorms
    seen becoming more focused south of Evergreen, AL and stretching
    down toward the AL/FL border area.

    The latest HRRR guidance along with several of the 12Z/18Z HREF
    members suggest the idea of a wave of low pressure developing near
    this area this evening along the aforementioned front. Already
    there is evidence of stronger low-level cyclonic flow setting up,
    and the progression of this going into the evening hours would
    likely tend to favor locally even stronger areas of
    convergence/forcing for more focused and slow-moving shower and
    thunderstorm activity along the front.

    Given PWs across the region that are 1.7 to 1.8+ inches, and with
    the available instability, the rainfall rates are expected to be
    quite high and capable of reaching 2.5+ inches/hour. Some of the
    latest hires model guidance favors the idea of seeing some rather
    linear and locally focused clusters of convection going through
    the evening hours with periods of training cell activity, and as a
    result, support some locally very heavy rainfall totals. This will
    mainly be a concern for areas of far southern AL and the far
    western FL Panhandle region, but there will be some localized
    concerns also farther north into areas of central AL.

    Expect some additional rainfall amounts going through the
    late-evening hours to be as much as 3 to 6+ inches given the
    set-up. Given this and the wet antecedent conditions, some areas
    of flash flooding will be possible.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qXG2CzWCrnuHjMXoyf585duJlDKbji5tuXQO0-bqxTHptOrLOnVWG6rGh81WgDwYqTHE= JSAK$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...MOB...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32798678 32258642 30998645 30498666 30338700=20
    30318722 30438739 30848760 31498763 32568740=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 22:38:24 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633473511-91550-7419
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    AWUS01 KWNH 052238
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-060400-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1052
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    637 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Western/South-Central TN...Northwest AL

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 052235Z - 060400Z

    SUMMARY...Locally repeating areas of showers and thunderstorms
    should tend to continue going into the evening hours. Given the
    wet antecedent conditions, some pockets of flash flooding will be
    possible.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar and satellite imagery continues to
    shows bands of of heavy showers and thunderstorms developing and
    lifting north and northwest around the eastern flank of a deep
    layer closed low retrograding very slowly westward across the
    lower MS Valley. This deep layer cyclonic flow along with
    lingering areas of moderate boundary layer instability (MLCAPE
    values of 1500+ j/kg) and localized pockets of stronger surface
    moisture convergence along a long-lived and slow-moving frontal
    zone should tend to maintain the threat for bands of convection
    going well into the evening time frame.

    The relatively high PWs (1.5 to 1.6+ inches) coupled with the
    available instability should foster heavy rainfall rates that will
    likely still be as high as 1.5 to 2 inches/hour, and the latest
    HRRR guidance suggests localized pockets of 3 to 4+ inches of
    additional rain going through the late-evening hours (03Z).
    Generally, the main focus of this should be over areas of
    northwest AL and through south-central to western TN. Additional
    rains beyond this time frame are expected to be possible given the
    slow movement of the aforementioned upper low.

    Many areas of the Mid-South overall have wet antecedent
    conditions, and the additional rainfall threat going into the
    evening hours will certainly encourage concerns for some runoff
    problems and flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qhj-ETpYwkQSdxnrmrzFqUrcnQcDFh8tPls1zpQ0lkECL3XN87STJSCw_dPso0KmDQkf= Zp5G$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...HUN...MEG...OHX...PAH...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36428874 36278813 35838746 35338716 34648697=20
    34138700 33898748 34098791 34978821 35378926=20
    35878983 36378954=20


    ------------=_1633473511-91550-7419
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 23:19:24 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633475968-91550-7429
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    AWUS01 KWNH 052319
    FFGMPD
    NMZ000-AZZ000-UTZ000-060430-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1053
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    717 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Much of AZ..Southern UT

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 052315Z - 060430Z

    SUMMARY...Some instances of flash flooding will remain possible
    going into the evening hours from areas of heavy showers and
    thunderstorms.

    DISCUSSION...A well-defined upper-level low seen in GOES-16 WV and
    Airmass RGB satellite imagery continues to edge east-northeastward
    with time, and continues to foster a large area of scattered to
    broken coverage of showers and thunderstorms across areas of
    central and northern AZ (with a focus near the Mogollon Rim) and
    up into areas of southern UT. As mentioned earlier, the upper low
    is accompanied by a rather strong PV anomaly, and this energy is
    yielding strong dynamical forcing out ahead of it with notably
    divergent flow aloft.

    There will continue to be areas of heavy showers and thunderstorms
    going into the evening hours as the upper low and associated
    forcing works in tandem with orographics and areas of elevated
    boundary layer instability. In fact, the latest RAP analysis shows
    the pooling of 1000+ j/kg of MLCAPE across many areas south of the
    Mogollon Rim.

    While the individual cell-motions are rather progressive, the short-term/sub-hourly rainfall rate potential is still likely to
    be high enough to drive concerns for runoff problems with some
    instances of flash flooding possible. Generally this will be
    associated with some quick 0.50" per 20 to 30 minute rainfall
    rates.

    Overall, the latest HRRR guidance suggests a few pockets of 1 to
    1.5 inches of additional rain going through 03Z, with the heaviest
    amounts over eastern AZ. This amounts along with the heavy
    sub-hourly rates will tend to be of biggest concern again to the
    area burn scars, slot-canyons and dry washes.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qy7ovebPrUbduJILKjq3zD2TTH8JuIp8XgK7XeS2BBu6gGzeqfrF4SnFHgKePRujdSj6= P32i$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ABQ...EPZ...FGZ...GJT...PSR...SLC...TWC...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38181219 37831080 36320950 34720897 33660893=20
    32130921 31681024 31891205 32341285 33491333=20
    35221317 35831332 36831355 37861332=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 5 23:36:52 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633477015-91550-7434
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    AWUS01 KWNH 052336
    FFGMPD
    ALZ000-MSZ000-060435-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1054
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    736 PM EDT Tue Oct 05 2021

    Areas affected...Portions of Eastern MS and Western AL

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 052335Z - 060435Z

    SUMMARY...Slow-moving clusters of heavy showers and thunderstorms
    will continue to foster concerns for flash flooding through the
    evening hours.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows a relatively focused
    area of very heavy showers and thunderstorms impacting portion of
    eastern MS early this evening with an emphasis on Winston County.
    The convection is concentrating east of an upper low and within an
    area of enhanced low-level moisture convergence and a moderately
    unstable airmass with MLCAPE values of 1500 to 2000 j/kg.

    The ongoing activity should tend to maintain itself for at least a
    few more hours going through the balance of the evening and may
    tend to even expand somewhat on coverage more broadly across
    portions of eastern MS and into adjacent areas of western AL where
    the latest radar imagery shows some locally increased coverage of
    shower and thunderstorm activity. The latest HRRR guidance tends
    to support this potential as well.

    Expect rainfall rates to be as high as 2.5+ inches/hour with the
    slow-moving clusters of convection, and additional rainfall totals
    going through midnight of as much as 3 to 5 inches of rain will be
    possible. This coupled with the earlier rainfall is likely to
    result in areas of flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!okK51Xj3IfnMLpDcMe57p9WKn_9l9x2JL1ucOMZ8ucNXCPfN7cXz_3iYWbITZTX1UPds= MWQm$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...JAN...MEG...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34008808 33798772 33448771 33068798 32758841=20
    32678886 32788915 33268916 33808872=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 04:34:12 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633494855-91550-7516
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    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 060430
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-061029-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1055
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1230 AM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...eastern Mississippi, much of Alabama, a small
    part of Middle Tennessee, and the western Florida Pandhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 060429Z - 061029Z

    Summary...A lingering flash-flood threat will exist through the
    early morning hours across the Deep South.

    Discussion...Weak low-level convergence across the discussion area
    was promoting continued, scattered convective development across
    the discussion area currently. A general downward trend in
    convective coverage has occurred over the past 2-3 hours largely
    due to nocturnal boundary layer cooling. However, weak buoyancy
    (around 500-1250 J/kg MUCAPE), abundant moisture (above 1.4 inch
    PW values areawide) and lift from an upper wave centered over the
    ArkLaMiss will support some degree of continued development
    overnight through the early morning. Deep southerly flow aloft
    will continue to allow for localized training of convection at
    times, and spots of 1-2.5 inch/hr rainfall rates will continue to
    contribute to at least an isolated flash flood risk.

    Ground conditions continue to favor efficient runoff. Much of the
    discussion area has experienced moderate to heavy rainfall over
    the past few days, with low FFG thresholds (below 2 inches/hr) in
    many areas and isolated spots less than 1 inch/hr especially in
    Alabama. The overall setup continues to support isolated flash
    flooding this morning, though nocturnal lull in convective
    coverage should continue to be a mitigating factor for a more
    widespread risk.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!svfLQgfYZLr_dYM1xSACvJN3cinvjrCcKETEhWiTAD_XSx6K4h5CJahQwecbrBNdt6bb= d7oe$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...HUN...JAN...MEG...MOB...OHX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35358786 35348712 34918664 34218642 33838630=20
    33018603 31498604 30448632 29988744 30948821=20
    31708900 32708908 33898901 34798877 35218850=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 04:35:09 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633494916-91550-7517
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    AWUS01 KWNH 060434
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-061029-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1055
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1233 AM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...eastern Mississippi, much of Alabama, a small
    part of Middle Tennessee, and the western Florida Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 060429Z - 061029Z

    Summary...A lingering flash-flood threat will exist through the
    early morning hours across the Deep South.

    Discussion...Weak low-level convergence across the discussion area
    was promoting continued, scattered convective development across
    the discussion area currently. A general downward trend in
    convective coverage has occurred over the past 2-3 hours largely
    due to nocturnal boundary layer cooling. However, weak buoyancy
    (around 500-1250 J/kg MUCAPE), abundant moisture (above 1.4 inch
    PW values areawide) and lift from an upper wave centered over the
    ArkLaMiss will support some degree of continued development
    overnight through the early morning. Deep southerly flow aloft
    will continue to allow for localized training of convection at
    times, and spots of 1-2.5 inch/hr rainfall rates will continue to
    contribute to at least an isolated flash flood risk.

    Ground conditions continue to favor efficient runoff. Much of the
    discussion area has experienced moderate to heavy rainfall over
    the past few days, with low FFG thresholds (below 2 inches/hr) in
    many areas and isolated spots less than 1 inch/hr especially in
    Alabama. The overall setup continues to support isolated flash
    flooding this morning, though nocturnal lull in convective
    coverage should continue to be a mitigating factor for a more
    widespread risk.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vGur4LwmJ3SwujB6bqr2Uk9JthEO7I8F5WW3TUhvDmm-5WZ4DGltb4u6JscODNp-dokQ= Gsev$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...HUN...JAN...MEG...MOB...OHX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35358786 35348712 34918664 34218642 33838630=20
    33018603 31498604 30448632 29988744 30948821=20
    31708900 32708908 33898901 34798877 35218850=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 09:04:32 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 060904
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-061502-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1056
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    503 AM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...portions of the Florida Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 060902Z - 061502Z

    Summary...Persistent convection migrating inland from northern
    Gulf of Mexico Waters could result in a few spots of flash
    flooding through the morning hours.

    Discussion...Nocturnal boundary layer stabilization has gradually
    reduced the coverage of convection across much of the Deep South=20
    One exception remains near the Florida Panhandle and adjacent Gulf
    of Mexico waters, where low-level buoyancy is relatively maximized
    due to mid-70s F dewpoints helping to maintain 1000-1500 J/kg
    MLCAPE. Deep southerly tropospheric flow continues to allow for
    convection to migrate inland from the north-central Gulf of Mexico
    while also maintaining an abundantly moist airmass (1.7+ inch PW
    values). This flow regime continues to promote locally heavy
    rainfall (exceeding 2 inches/hr beneath strongest cores) and areas
    of training. Moderate MRMS FLASH responses have already been
    observed near coastal areas of Florida this morning just west of
    Eglin AFB.

    Models and observations both suggest that this north-south axis of
    convection will slowly shift eastward through the morning hours
    while remaining relatively focused in the Florida Panhandle near
    the strongest instability. The slow eastward shift is attributed
    to very slow eastward progression of an upstream mid/upper low
    over the Lower Mississippi Valley and a low-level trough axis near
    the refiring convection. 1-2.5 inch/hr rainfall rates are
    expected to continue near heavier cores. FFG thresholds should be
    exceeded on a localized basis beneath these heavier rates -
    especially if they can persist in any location for longer than an
    hour or so.=20

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ujn4GRcWIpFYqaLJdDw3PP7H5KeYOqvY3g0SRJMNYy9GsTcC_fJV4T5sxCuICC4jMCIG= uXt7$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 31228631 30898494 29948418 29568472 29588541=20
    29878581 29998652 30318738 31028733=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 14:19:02 2021
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    ------------=_1633529949-91550-7592
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    AWUS01 KWNH 061418
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-061817-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1057
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1018 AM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...Central GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 061417Z - 061817Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will remain a risk the
    remainder of the morning into the early afternoon hours across
    portions of central to north central GA.

    Discussion...A persistent small scale convective cluster has been
    slowly pushing northward this morning over this region...resulting
    in a few flash flood warnings. These cells have been exhibiting
    some backbuilding characteristics...resulting in pockets of hourly
    rainfall exceeding 2". The 00z high res guidance and recent HRRR
    runs do not have a great handle on this activity...and tough to
    really pinpoint a well defined forcing mechanism. Nonetheless the
    broad scale environment will remain pretty steady...with an upper
    jet overhead, subtle shortwaves moving though in the mid levels
    and broad isentropic ascent. Instability should also gradually
    increase over the next several hours.

    Thus the overall environmental ingredients would appear to support
    a continuation of this activity as it slowly shifts
    northward...although confidence remains below average in evolution
    the next several hours given the relatively poor model performance
    and small scale nature of the convective cluster. It is worth
    noting that while the HRRR is not a great match to current
    radar...the 12z run does indicate that the periodic backbuilding
    nature of cells will continue into the afternoon hours.

    This convective cluster is moving into a region that has received
    2-4" of rain over the past 24 hours. If not for this then the
    flash flood risk would probably be pretty minimal. However these
    increasingly wet antecedent conditions support a continued risk of
    flash flooding where hourly rainfall magnitudes approach or exceed
    1.5"-2 over the next several hours.

    Chenard

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!q_LX8uM0YGYWVjmefd7grgh-wrCDVFG3VgVasrkG_rkuEvTLt_ME7giUPxjV7XMBP-lc= Fu9A$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FFC...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34248377 33508314 33138321 32728369 32698415=20
    33048453 33408456 33868442=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 15:09:05 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 061508
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-061907-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1058
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1108 AM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...Florida Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 061507Z - 061907Z

    SUMMARY...Showers and thunderstorms with very heavy rainfall rates
    will continue to impact portions of the Florida Panhandle going
    into the early afternoon hours.

    DISCUSSION...The latest surface observations suggest evidence of
    at least a fairly sharp inverted trough progressing gradually east
    across the Florida Panhandle in association with the cluster of
    slow-moving and very heavy showers and thunderstorms. This is
    evidenced by the backing of low-level winds around to the
    northeast at KMAI, KPAM, and KAAF over the last hour in the wake
    of the broken MCS activity, and also the most recent pressure jump
    and wind-shift at KTLH.

    There is evidence of a weak convective vort associated with the
    area of showers and thunderstorms and this energy is interacting
    with confluent and very moist low-level southerly flow channeling
    up through the northeast Gulf of Mexico and into the Florida
    Panhandle region more broadly. PWs of 2.0 to 2.25 inches are noted
    in the NESDIS Blended TPW product and this is favoring efficient
    convection with very high rainfall rates potential. Already there
    have been hourly QPEs this morning with this cluster of convection
    that have been in the 2.5 to 3.0+ inch range, and this has helped
    lead to some impressive storm totals (noting the report of 7.16"
    of rain 1 mile ESE of Sanborn, FL in just 6 hours this morning).

    Given that there is a substantial pool of moderate instability
    pooled out over the northeast Gulf of Mexico (MLCAPE values of
    1500+ j/kg) that is nosed up across the Florida Big Bend area, the
    ongoing cluster of convection with its supporting vort energy and
    confluent low-level moisture transport regime will likely tend to
    favor convective sustenance going into the early afternoon hours.
    This will allow for the ongoing convection to continue to
    gradually advance off to the east with additional concerns for
    high rainfall rate potential and elevated storm totals.

    Generally the heaviest rains will fairly close to the Gulf Coast
    itself where the better instability gradient will be confined, but
    expect locally an additional 3 to 5+ inches of rain going through
    at least 18Z. Later in the afternoon, the model guidance suggests
    this ongoing activity will tend to lose some of its
    organization/focus, but trends will continue to be closely
    monitored. Regardless, expect at least some additional localized
    flash flooding concerns given the high rainfall rates and storm
    totals.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qW4-oEHXMPhPyEfA6f9HkLRjIf1OtrnqxSHF8QEx798S_c8wtP7ACymFTw6WE6LD7G3Y= 4beu$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30728424 30578333 30218310 29908321 29718346=20
    29968402 29858471 30168507 30608495=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 18:27:36 2021
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    ------------=_1633544862-91550-7651
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    AWUS01 KWNH 061827
    FFGMPD
    SCZ000-GAZ000-062325-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1059
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    226 PM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...Georgia

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 061825Z - 062325Z

    SUMMARY...Slow-moving areas of heavy showers and thunderstorms are
    expected to persist through the afternoon. The additional rainfall
    will likely result in more areas of flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-16 IR satellite imagery shows a deep
    layer southwest fetch of moisture and embedded vort energy
    rounding the far eastern flank of a deep closed low/trough over
    the lower/middle MS Valley. This vort energy coupled with larger
    scale divergent flow over the Southeast U.S. and the presence of
    moderate instability (MLCAPE values of 1500+ j/kg) is driving
    several areas of relatively focused showers and thunderstorms with
    some of the greatest concentrations of convection seen over areas
    of central GA.

    Some of the activity over the last couple of hours in particular
    has been exhibiting some supercellular behavior with some periodic
    instances of mesocyclone structures. These more organized
    convective cells appear to be largely driven by the available
    instability coupled with favorable low to mid-level shear
    profiles. Given the very moist environment in place with PWs of
    1.8 to 2.0 inches, and stronger organized ascent, the convection
    is highly efficient in nature and capable of producing extremely
    high rainfall rates. MRMS data has been occasionally depicting
    hourly rainfall QPEs in the 2.5 to 3.0 inch range, and given the
    slow cell-motions, this has been resulting in some very heavy
    rainfall totals locally over the last few hours, with some running
    6-hourly amounts in the 5 to 6+ inch range.

    The set-up going through the afternoon hours should be highly
    favorable for additional areas of slow-moving showers and
    thunderstorms, including some locally well-organized and very
    efficient cells that will be producing extreme rainfall rates. The
    12Z NAM-Conest/ARW solutions seem to generally have the better
    handle of the ongoing activity with respect to rainfall
    magnitude/intensity despite some spatial placement errors. These
    models though support locally an additional 3 to 5+ inches of rain
    going through the late-afternoon hours and especially over areas
    of central GA.

    Given the morning rainfall, increasingly wet antecedent
    conditions, and additional rainfall potential for this afternoon,
    more areas of flash flooding are likely.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oEt0ZBdkISH3KHoDawynT26S_2SXxg--MmNpSPrGtBRK3Mhn4LhVR64JU_dTJABpkawD= SEjl$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...CHS...FFC...GSP...JAX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34018261 33658220 32688188 31888197 31468270=20
    31788427 32548480 33058460 33608424 33998344=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 6 19:43:09 2021
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    ------------=_1633549392-91550-7669
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    AWUS01 KWNH 061943
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-ALZ000-070140-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1060
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    342 PM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest GA...Central/Northern AL...Middle
    TN...South-Central KY

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 061940Z - 070140Z

    SUMMARY...The coverage of showers and thunderstorms should
    increase over the next few hours, and scattered instances of flash
    flooding will be possible going into the evening hours.

    DISCUSSION...An upper-level low is seen drifting slowly northward
    into the middle MS Valley this afternoon, but there remains a very
    broad area of divergent flow aloft around the eastern flank of the
    circulation and there is a jet-streak seen currently nosing up
    into the TN Valley which is fostering an axis of stronger and more
    focused deep-layer ascent. The latest GOES-16 visible satellite
    imagery has been showing many areas of central/northern AL,
    northwest GA, and middle TN getting a fair amount of solar
    insolation over the last several hours and this has allowed for
    the boundary layer to destabilize to the extent of seeing MLCAPE
    values nose up into the 1000 to 1500+ j/kg range.

    This has allowed for showers and thunderstorms to develop and
    expand in coverage, and there has been a notable amount of cloud
    top cooling noted in particular over the last hour. Much of the
    activity continues to advance generally south to north within the
    deeper layer flow around the east side of the upper low, and there
    will be some concerns this afternoon for some periodic training of
    convective cells/bands that will be capable of resulting in some
    locally enhanced rainfall totals.

    Additionally, there is a fair amount of shear in place more
    broadly across the TN Valley with effective bulk shear values of
    30 to 40+ kts, and thus there may be some locally more organized
    supercell structures embedded within some of these linear bands of
    convection that do set up.

    There is some intrusion of mid-level dry air seen in WV imagery
    that may cut down on the overall rainfall efficiency of the
    convection, but the instability profiles and proximity of 1.5+
    inch PWs should still yield some locally high rainfall rates that
    could approach 2 inches/hour. Some of the more organized supercell
    structures that evolve will also tend to be more efficient by
    comparison as well.

    The HRRR guidance and some of the 12Z HREF members support there
    being some pockets of 3 to 4+ inch rainfall totals going through
    the mid-evening hours. This may result in at least some scattered
    instances of flash flooding as a result, and especially with the
    very moist antecedent conditions in place.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qo1S6VN-saI0Ka8VJQEvJEnjT154YVtP1yUIcLVSn26IdXU_GH36iCN9HLd_hVUtm0Fy= LnMp$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...HUN...JKL...LMK...MRX...OHX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37368522 36748484 34418504 33078570 32608671=20
    32888753 33498765 35188710 36608668 37328607=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 02:31:42 2021
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    ------------=_1633573907-91550-7797
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    AWUS01 KWNH 070231
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-ALZ000-070630-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1061
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1031 PM EDT Wed Oct 06 2021

    Areas affected...north-central AL into central TN and southern KY

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 070228Z - 070630Z

    SUMMARY...Showers and thunderstorms with rainfall rates of 2-3
    in/hr (locally 3+ in/hr) will continue to affect parts of northern
    AL into central TN and southern KY for another 2-4 hours.

    DISCUSSION...Regional radar imagery as of 02Z showed several south
    to north axes of training heavy rainfall located from
    north-central AL into TN and southern KY. MRMS estimates with some
    of the more persistent axes of training showed rates between 2-4
    in/hr, located from near Birmingham, AL...NNE to just southeast of
    Huntsville, AL and in west-central TN about 10-15 miles east of
    the TN River. The environment remained favorable for heavy rain
    across the region with precipitable water values from about 1.5 to
    1.7 inches and 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE as of 01Z. Low level flow
    streaming north from the Gulf of Mexico and northwestward from the
    western Atlantic was converging across the Mid-South. Focused axes
    of convergence in the 925-850 mb layer were helping to support
    lift, with one main axis oriented from south to north from
    north-central AL into central TN. Deeper-layer mean flow was
    parallel to the low level axes of convergence, supporting
    training. Aloft, 250 mb winds were highly diffluent across the
    region and the left exit region of a 70-80 kt jet streak was
    located over central TN, all helping to support vertical motions.

    Short term forecasts from the RAP suggest that forcing for ascent
    will become slightly less favorable through about 06Z, as low
    level flow is forecast to veer (reducing low level convergence)
    across the eastern halves of AL and TN, and areas of favorable
    diffluence and divergence aloft should translate northeastward
    into eastern KY ahead of a shortwave trough seen over western TN
    on water vapor imagery. Until then however, rainfall rates of 2-3
    in/hr (locally higher) will likely continue to support areas of
    flash flooding, some of which could become moderate to severe.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rG5AxXSFT8ugF-T4x7bFFJYVxIqxUZbk0nAGO_okYZCWlcMTer1ZUP-NxfPkBAo149rT= pf5m$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...HUN...JKL...LMK...MEG...MRX...OHX...
    PAH...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37338529 37048475 36558469 36088479 34958541=20
    33258656 32758708 32708751 33068761 34108774=20
    35058798 36008806 36558774 36838708 36888653=20
    37098598=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 06:00:14 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 070600
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-071155-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1062
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    159 AM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...western FL Panhandle into southeastern AL

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 070557Z - 071155Z

    SUMMARY...Shower and thunderstorm coverage is expected to increase
    over the next few hours across the western FL Panhandle into
    southeastern AL. Slow movement of cells and training will support
    an increased risk for flash flooding given wet antecedent
    conditions.

    DISCUSSION...Satellite and radar trends over the past 2-3 hours
    (ending 0530Z) have shown a gradual increase in the coverage of
    showers from offshore of the east-central Gulf Coast into the
    western FL Panhandle. The vast majority of these showers have been
    shallow and warm-topped, occurring within the warm sector of a
    somewhat diffuse stationary that stretched roughly north to south
    across Escambia and Santa Rosa counties of the FL Panhandle. The
    00Z TLH sounding showed the warm-sector environment to be
    potentially unstable with recent advected layer PW imagery showing
    high moisture/relative humidity from roughly 600 mb to the
    surface, while notable dry air existed in the mid-upper levels.
    05Z data from the SPC mesoanalysis indicated 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE
    in place from southern AL to the Emerald Coast.

    Nocturnal cooling at the surface into the lower to middle 70s
    compared with SSTs in the northern Gulf in the lower 80s has set
    up a low level theta-e gradient along the coast. Southerly low
    level flow off of the warmer Gulf waters and across the Gulf Coast
    will continue to favor the development of showers and
    thunderstorms over the next few hours. As coverage increases,
    cells are expected to take better advantage of instability with
    low level southerly flow supporting repeating and training of
    heavy rain cores. Relatively high precipitable water values of 1.5
    to 1.9 inches (GPS data and TPW imagery) are likely to support
    rainfall rates peaking in the 2-3 in/hr range, but coverage of
    these higher rates is a bit uncertain as recent runs of the HRRR
    have backed off with the coverage of higher rainfall totals ending
    12Z. However, due to several rounds of heavy rain over the past
    few days across the region, soils are near saturated to saturated
    and therefore more susceptible to flash flooding.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!osGQCbxPwFZhlVSuCUdgQwoGQHk2PEHyBtSVaUsWDi0X2cN5lBYuReFdwTaEU-Wr1LWA= pLIw$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 31618587 31588541 31188507 30948503 30388511=20
    29948519 29758536 29778555 29958574 30198611=20
    30268659 30238700 30288714 30468709 30908676=20
    31438627=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 07:44:14 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 070744
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-SCZ000-GAZ000-071330-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1063
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    343 AM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...northeastern GA/western SC/southwestern NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 070742Z - 071330Z

    SUMMARY...Flash flooding will be likely across portions of the
    southern Appalachian mountains and foothills early this morning.
    While coverage of flash flooding may be limited, rainfall rates
    will occasionally reach into the 1-2 in/hr range with training,
    possibly resulting in 6 hour totals between 3 and 6 inches through
    13Z.

    DISCUSSION...As the southeastern edge of a closed low centered
    over MO passed over northern AL/GA around 05Z, an increase in the
    coverage of showers and thunderstorms has been noted across the
    southern Appalachians. Flow aloft has become strongly diffluent
    and southeasterly 925-850 mb winds of 15-25 kt over eastern GA
    into SC have maximized orographic lift given their perpendicular
    orientation to the axis of terrain, while deeper-layer flow from
    south to north has supported repeating of cores. MLCAPE was
    estimated to be between 500 and 1000 J/kg (07Z SPC mesoanalysis)
    and precipitable water values were as high as 1.8 inches in
    Columbia, SC, a standardized anomaly of +1.5 for early October.
    Estimated rainfall rates from KGSP have been peaking in the 0.75
    to 1.50 in/hr range across northeastern GA, but a few
    Wunderground.com observations in Rabersham and Rabun counties
    reported 1.6 to 1.9 in/hr rates ending 0715Z, so radar estimates
    appear to be a little underdone.

    While some decrease in the magnitude of low level flow is
    anticipated through 12Z, little change to the remaining synoptic
    pattern is expected over the next 3-6 hours, so a continued feed
    of low level moisture into the terrain is likely to continue south
    to north tracking cores of heavy rain. Repeating rounds and
    periods of training heavy rain will continue to support rainfall
    rates of 1-2 in/hr for the next 3-6 hours, with rainfall totals
    adding up into the 3-6 inch range through 13Z. Flash flood
    guidance values of about 2-3 inches in 3 hours are in place across
    the MPD threat area, and exceedance of these values in a few
    locations will likely support some flash flooding, especially as
    rainfall totals continue to add up on top of already saturated
    soils from the past 3-4 days of rainfall.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pTBz2g7Snv9Evj3lLbPmwHeQ65vMXDCrBgIWuK6hh986PUtFUI6SLbFZnW1k13UBKFm0= UqkZ$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...FFC...GSP...MRX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36038212 35908180 35638164 35298189 34598225=20
    33998243 33708287 33768356 34008400 34418426=20
    34708431 34868401 34938388 35208381 35378336=20
    35578290=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 12:20:18 2021
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    ------------=_1633609224-91550-7910
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    AWUS01 KWNH 071220
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-071718-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1064
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    819 AM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...FL Panhandle and Big Bend

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 071218Z - 071718Z

    SUMMARY...An ongoing flash flood risk will continue across
    portions the Fl Panhandle and FL Big Bend region. Hourly rainfall
    magnitudes of 2-3" expected, with as much as 3-6" of additional
    total rainfall possible.

    DISCUSSION...Recent model and observational trends indicate a weak
    area of low pressure may have formed over the northern Gulf,
    helping enhance an area of convergence along the FL Panhandle
    coastline. This increased convergence is focusing a small cluster
    of intense convection this morning. MLCAPE of 1500 j/kg and PWs
    around 1.9" are supportive of heavy rainfall rates...especially
    considering the tall skinny CAPE profiles in place. There is just
    enough wind shear that we are also seeing some low/mid level
    mesocyclones periodically within this activity...which is also
    likely playing a role in locally driving up rainfall rates.

    There remains a bit of uncertainty on convective evolution through
    the day over this region...although recent HRRR runs do seem to be
    doing at least an okay job with the ongoing activity and suggest
    some persistence slowly off to the east over the next several
    hours. Given that the overall background environment should not
    change all that much, and sufficient CAPE/moisture exists
    downstream, this persistence seems more likely than not...at least
    through the morning hours. Convergence may try to weaken some
    thereafter resulting in less convective coverage/focus...but would
    not be too surprised if the activity ends up persisting longer
    than the HRRR indicates...just something we will have to keep an
    eye on.

    Mean wind fields over the region are from south to north...however
    propagation vectors are off to the east. So while some south/north
    training can be expected...a gradual eastward progression is also
    likely...and this general idea is supported by recent radar trends
    as well. Any low/mid level mesocyclones that do develop could not
    only increase rainfall efficiency, but also help slow the
    progression a bit...prolonging rainfall duration. Soil conditions
    over much of this region are saturated...with this additional
    rainfall likely leading to areas of flash flooding through the
    morning hours.

    Chenard

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!upL2l26F61MRWTI7Lt58RHvdYQ41C--6Jvx34IMBqX9jM33viUfvm_KHFBB6c6eGErJL= FJky$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30338554 30328526 30218490 30118439 29938430=20
    29608485 29608524 29728542 29888569 30068584=20
    30188586=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 18:04:24 2021
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    ------------=_1633629867-91550-8016
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    AWUS01 KWNH 071804
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-SCZ000-GAZ000-080002-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1065
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    203 PM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...Central/Northeast GA...Western SC...Southwest NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 071802Z - 080002Z

    SUMMARY...Showers and thunderstorms with very heavy rainfall rates
    may tend to increase in coverage somewhat over the next few hours.
    Given the locally saturated soil conditions, there will be renewed
    concerns for flash flooding this afternoon and early this evening.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-16 visible satellite imagery in
    conjunction with dual-pol radar shows a convective vort (MCV)
    drifting northeast across west-central GA. This energy is
    fostering some scattered areas of showers and thunderstorms up
    across areas of central/northern GA and into adjacent areas of
    western SC. There is at least some modest boundary layer heating
    ongoing across these areas with MLCAPE values now upwards of 1000
    to 1500 j/kg.

    Over the next few hours, some additional uptick in boundary layer
    instability is expected, and this coupled with the arriving vort
    energy, persistence of moist low-level easterly flow, and
    localized orographic ascent into some of the higher
    terrain/foothills of the southern Appalachians should encourage
    some additional redevelopment and expansion of shower and
    thunderstorm activity. The flow aloft does remain broadly
    diffluent in general over the Southeast U.S. which will be a
    supporting factor as well.

    The 12Z HREF guidance and recent HRRR runs do not necessarily show
    very heavy rainfall amounts at least over the next few hours, but
    there is a concern they are underestimating the strength of the
    aforementioned MCV. As such, the energy and rather moist/unstable
    environment currently in place would suggest at least some
    scattered to broken areas of convection evolving going through the late-afternoon to early evening time frame.

    Expecting some of the stronger cells to be capable of producing
    hourly rainfall amounts of 1.5+ inches, and some additional storm
    totals through early evening of as 3 to 4 inches. The additional
    rains will be falling on locally saturated soil conditions, and
    thus this will encourage additional areas runoff problems and
    flash flooding. Additional rains are also expected later this
    evening and overnight over the southern Appalachians, and new MPDs
    will be issued accordingly to address this concern.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uDyxwDFJkpi5yxMfce82k02UrcXovlC_OIj4nbJGOSzUoi41ChVsUCHTbq6slS4XPv3s= n0OW$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...FFC...GSP...MRX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35358237 34838160 34008162 33578197 33088247=20
    32978320 33208362 33768393 33958450 34558445=20
    35318348=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 7 22:56:25 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1633647388-91550-8105
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    AWUS01 KWNH 072256
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-NCZ000-SCZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-080450-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1066
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    655 PM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...EASTERN TENNESSEE...WESTERN NORTH
    CAROLINA...NORTHERN GEORGIA...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 072248Z - 080450Z

    SUMMARY...Showers and storms are expected to continue to develop
    and move south-to-north across the region into the evening.=20
    Locally heavy amounts, with flash flooding are possible.

    DISCUSSION...Latest mesoanalysis indicates an upper level
    shortwave moving across the Tennessee Valley toward the southern
    Appalachians, with a diffuse stationary front extending across
    northern Georgia back into a weak wave over Middle Tennessee.=20=20
    Showers and storms are expected to continue to develop and move
    south-to-north ahead of the approaching shortwave, with locally
    heavy amounts possible. Recent radar returns from KMRX show
    rainfall rates as high 1.5 in/hr within some of the stronger
    storms moving across the Knoxville region this hour. As southerly
    flow continues to support deepening moisture (PWs ~1.5 inches)
    north of the front, increasing ascent, along with sufficient
    instability will support ongoing storms and additional development
    to the south -- raising the potential for locally heavy amounts.=20
    The most recent HRRR has backed off on its heaviest amouts, but
    still shows the potential for additional locally heavy amounts
    through the evening -- particularly over eastern Tennessee and
    northern Georgia. The 18Z HREF shows neighborhood probabilites of
    60-80 percent for 6 hr amounts of 2 inches or more across portions
    of eastern Tennessee this evening. This includes areas with
    relatively low flash flood guidance -- suggesting potential runoff
    concerns.=20

    Pereira

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oCR4UUlyYWzrr63cugcCVzIDHvYB0zglcRJrkQN3H5jT4Cuz5b8GQFXvyJvRG61LmSJY= n2Gv$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FFC...GSP...JKL...MRX...OHX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36628367 36478317 36008314 34838320 34208393=20
    34338469 35258532 35668524 36188463 36528401=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 8 03:24:06 2021
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    ------------=_1633663452-91550-8168
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    AWUS01 KWNH 080323
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-ALZ000-080905-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1067
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1123 PM EDT Thu Oct 07 2021

    Areas affected...portions of central GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 080321Z - 080905Z

    SUMMARY...Slow moving showers and thunderstorms are expected to
    expand across portions of central GA overnight. Rainfall rates
    peaking in the 2-3 in/hr range are expected to produce some 3 to 5
    inch totals through 09Z along with possible flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...Regional radar across GA as of 03Z showed a slow
    moving cluster of showers/thunderstorms in the vicinity of I-75.
    KJGX hourly rainfall totals of 2-3 inches have been estimated over
    the past 1-2 hours, most notably with a supercell over Pulaski
    County at 03Z. The activity is occurring within a zone of enhanced
    925-850 mb flow ranging between 10-15 kt from the SSE,
    characterized by 1000-2000 J/kg MLCAPE and 1.5 to 1.9 inch
    precipitable water values per the 03Z SPC mesoanalysis.

    The geographic area of 10-15 kt winds in the 925-850 mb layer is
    expected to expand through 09Z, out ahead of a subtle vorticity
    max observed in water vapor imagery along the central Gulf Coast.
    As the vort max approaches, strengthening of a weak low aloft near
    the AL/FL border is expected, which will support an axis of low
    level convergence oriented from SSW to NNE across GA, paralleling
    the orientation of the deeper-layer mean flow. This should result
    in an expanding area of showers and thunderstorms across central
    GA, with some repeating and training supporting heavy rainfall
    rates. Rainfall rates up to ~3 in/hr cannot be ruled out but rates
    in the 1-2 in/hr range will be more common. Portions of GA have
    experienced 400 to over 600 percent of normal rainfall over the
    past week translating to saturated soils over the western, central
    and northeastern part of the state. While flash flooding will be
    possible anywhere within the MPD threat area, runoff concerns will
    be heightened where soils are more susceptible given recent
    rainfall.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vY_byqERWTRlqIXOuB3k9zmrbgr9iHmzmQNJ57kf6XR5UnnnIYDx72DHsiUKJTgm5y9D= 5SfP$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...CAE...FFC...GSP...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34358359 34218300 33908262 33338243 32658220=20
    32108236 31798333 31918437 32358500 33108491=20
    33928440=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 8 09:08:01 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 080907
    FFGMPD
    SCZ000-GAZ000-081430-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1068
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    507 AM EDT Fri Oct 08 2021

    Areas affected...central and eastern GA into western SC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 080905Z - 081430Z

    SUMMARY...Slow moving clusters of heavy rain will continue to pose
    a flash flood threat to parts of central and eastern GA into
    western SC. An additional 3-6 inches of rain can be expected on a
    localized basis with rainfall rates occasionally in excess of 3
    in/hr.

    DISCUSSION...Heavy rain continues across south-central GA as of
    0830Z where a stripe of 4-7 inches has fallen over the past 6
    hours (per MRMS estimates) from near Americus to 10 miles south of
    Dublin. Hourly rainfall estimates from MRMS have occasionally been
    above 3 inches with Wunderground.com observations confirming rates
    of at least 2 inches in an hour. Scattered thunderstorms have
    recently increased in number over southwestern GA as well, while a
    lone cell continues to march east to the north if I-70 in Greene
    County.

    08Z surface observations placed a curved stationary front across
    southern GA/AL with a low in western GA. Most of the heavy rain
    was falling on the cool side of the front within a 925-850 mb
    moisture transport maximum. VAD wind data confirmed the presence
    of a 925 mb low in central GA, with the best low level convergence
    located across central to northern GA. However, instability was
    fairly low at ~500 J/kg across northeastern GA, while 1000-1500+
    J/kg was located over central to southern GA.

    Large scale lift ahead of the approaching shortwave will favor the
    best ascent across central-northern GA as well as western SC,
    according to the vorticity max track seen in the RAP. While
    instability is weak across northern locations, high precipitable
    water values should help to compensate, allowing for an increase
    in the coverage of high rainfall rates through 12Z.

    Meanwhile, the heaviest rain is expected to remain across parts of
    southern GA where mesoscale lift near the ongoing cluster of
    convection south of Macon should continue to favor continued
    training and repeating of heavy rain cores. Rainfall rates of 2-3
    in/hr are likely to continue for at least another 2-3 hours, with
    rates occasionally exceeding 3 in/hr as the cluster tracks toward
    the east.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pa1-jx6dPwOgN28JTgR__GFJHrEjcG6V4vjsXSQr8b8FOeFgsrDue8ekXqFpzsGmP-Ys= OsmT$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...CHS...FFC...GSP...JAX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34878249 34088182 33618150 33058109 32398088=20
    31948088 31458110 31148149 31138230 31188340=20
    31408423 32648387 33438351 34748313=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 8 15:59:07 2021
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    ------------=_1633708752-54005-5
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    AWUS01 KWNH 081559
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-NCZ000-SCZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-082145-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1069
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1158 AM EDT Fri Oct 08 2021

    Areas affected...Western Carolinas...Eastern Tennessee...Far
    Northeast Georgia

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 081600Z - 082145Z

    SUMMARY... A steady diet of moist southeasterly flow combined with
    increasing instability and upsloping low level winds to cause
    locally excessive rainfall rates this afternoon. Heavy downpours
    atop overly saturated soil may lead to localized areas of flash
    flooding.

    DISCUSSION...An upper level trough axis positioned from central
    Illinois to eastern Alabama continues to support upper level
    divergence atop the southern Appalachians this morning. RAP
    mesoanalysis indicates an 850mb low over northeast Georgia is
    providing a persistent fetch of low level moisture embedded within
    15-20 knot southeasterly flow. PWs (roughly between 1.2-1.7") are
    1-2 STDs above normal and MLCAPE is on the low side, but 500 J/kg
    is still enough to support enhanced rainfall rates given the
    moisture available. Latest 3-hour rainfall totals in far northwest
    South Carolina have measured as much as 1.5-2", which is right in
    line with the latest 3-hour FFG values for the area.

    As the early afternoon approaches, surface based heating over the
    Blue Ridge and Smokey Mountains will boost instability levels
    while the 850mb low takes its time slowly moving east. The low
    should eventually become an open wave this afternoon, but continue
    to direct moist southeasterly flow at the mountain ranges. As the
    850-500mb trough moves overhead, the mean layer flow slows down to
    as low as 5 kts causing storms to slow down in forward speed,
    potentially become stationary at times, or train over mountainous
    terrain. With no shortage of moisture and MLCAPE forecast to range
    from 500-1000 J/kg this afternoon, the buoyancy aloft and slower
    storm motions support the potential for rainfall rates around 2"
    per hour.

    Even if hourly rates were to come in short of 2" per hour, the
    slower storm motions and building convection this afternoon could
    still generate 2"+ totals in under 3 hours. The area has been hit
    with heavy rainfall as of late with the AHPS 7-day rainfall
    departures showing over 4" in parts of the western Carolinas and
    the Smokeys. FLASH CREST soil saturation indicates there locations
    with over 85% soil saturation even as the current batch of heavy
    showers unfold. Farther north, closer to the tri-cities area of
    northeast Tennessee, 1-hour FFG values are as low as 1". Flash
    flooding is possible into the afternoon hours within the
    highlighted area as a result, due to the combination of current
    heavy showers and afternoon convection causing potentially
    excessive rainfall rates atop overly saturated soil. Rapid runoff,
    quickly rising creeks and streams, and urbanized flooding are
    potential hazards of note.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!poPV5pJ8Uuryvc4w3ttTGDmzYrghgey9iSFSnSSMRYBLSsyDB57gIH3UITu3kxhKRl-N= hOAM$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FFC...GSP...MRX...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36788227 36738182 36248191 34638159 34248277=20
    34748365 35298395 35948350 36508279=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 8 18:56:39 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 081856
    FFGMPD
    WYZ000-UTZ000-IDZ000-NVZ000-090045-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1070
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    255 PM EDT Fri Oct 08 2021

    Areas affected...Northern & Central Utah...Northeast
    Nevada...Southern Idaho

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 081855Z - 090045Z

    SUMMARY...Steady stream of Pacific moisture and increasing
    atmospheric instability to increase the threat for excessive
    rainfall this afternoon. Localized flash flooding is possible with
    burn scar areas most at risk.

    DISCUSSION...A positively tilted trough over the West Coast
    contains a robust 140 knot jet streak stretching from southern
    California to southwest Utah. 12Z GFS anomalies show 250mb wind
    speeds within this jet streak are 3-4 STDs above normal. Embedded
    within this jet streak is an expansive area of anomalous PWs (2-3
    STDs above normal) from the Lower Colorado Valley on north into
    the heart of the Intermountain West. At lower levels, a wave of
    low pressure in northeast Nevada contains a trailing cold front
    pushing south through western Nevada, placing northern Utah and
    southeast Idaho within the warm sector. 17Z RTMA 3-hour CAPE
    change is depicting an increasingly unstable environment in
    north-central Utah and southern Idaho. 12Z soundings at SLC and
    LKN both sported dew points and PWs above the 90th percentile,
    showing the impact the rich source of subtropical moisture is
    having in parts of the region. In fact, Integrated Water Vapor
    Transport is ranging between 400-700 kg/m/s atop the region.

    As surface based heating continues over the next few hours, a
    slight bump in instability is anticipated while at the same time,
    a shortwave trough is approaching from the southwest. Positive
    vorticity advection ahead of the shortwave leads to large scale
    upper level divergence, which is further supported by 300-700mb
    layer averaged Q-vector convergence over northern Utah and
    southern Idaho around 21Z according to the 12Z GFS. As a result,
    widespread showers and thunderstorms are likely to continue
    developing within the warm sector and along both the cold front in
    central Nevada and the stationary front in southeast Idaho.

    Excessive rainfall rates are likely to occur where topographic
    enhancement and greater instability aloft are co-located. The 12Z
    HREF does show a signal for 1"+ per hour rainfall rates in parts
    of southern Idaho, but most heavier rainfall rates along the
    topographically favored areas may range between 0.5-0.75" per
    hour. There was also a signal for 5 year ARI exceedance values
    over 70% today via the Day 1 ERO discussion, further supporting
    the excessive rainfall potential this afternoon. Flash flooding
    potential is highest in burn scar areas within the highlighted
    region that are impacted to heavy showers and thunderstorms,
    although rapid runoff and urbanized flooding is also possible.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sMg2i4vt0xRB9WqEtJ6NcoJx9Wzx_ysYBJ-4PLbl0u8b8jL73kyew0q9duKsvAKfHHoT= 2P1c$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BOI...LKN...PIH...SLC...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...CNRFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44011192 43461115 41661135 41351102 40801075=20
    40681071 39681124 38161163 37401265 37401345=20
    39061328 40181442 39801578 39881671 40691682=20
    41491598 42381494 42541471 43411364=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 9 04:57:49 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 090457
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-SCZ000-090920-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1071
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1257 AM EDT Sat Oct 09 2021

    Areas affected...portions of central SC/NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 090455Z - 090920Z

    SUMMARY...Localized flash flooding will be possible across parts
    of central SC into central NC over the next 4-5 hours. Slow
    movement of heavy rain cores could allow peak rainfall rates of
    2-3 in/hr and localized totals of 3-5 inches through 10Z.

    DISCUSSION...Water vapor imagery at 0430Z showed numerous
    vorticity maxima embedded within the base of an elongated upper
    trough that extended from the Great Lakes to FL. Regional radar
    imagery over the past hour has shown an increase in the coverage
    and intensity of showers, mainly near a vorticity max located over
    the central NC/SC border. Deep-layer mean winds over the Carolinas
    were weak at 5-10 kt, supportive of slow storm motions confirmed
    via local radar reflectivity, especially within mesoscale
    deformation axes associated with the vorticity maxima.
    Precipitable water values were anomalous at 1.5 to 1.8 inches but
    instability was somewhat of a limiting factor with the 04Z SPC
    mesoanalysis only showing between 500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE across the
    central Carolinas.

    Weak easterly flow in the low levels will continue to support some
    degree of deep-layered moisture advection from the Atlantic coast.
    Despite the somewhat meager instability, tall/skinny CAPE profiles
    will support efficient rainfall production and slow moving cores
    of heavy rain will have the potential to produce hourly totals in
    the 2-3 inch range. Some of these cores may produce 3-5 inches of
    rain in 2-3 hours time. Therefore, if overlap of localized heavy
    rain occurs with urban centers or other locations with poor
    drainage, rapid inundation may result.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r7dhPTDm57nN4Qud9IctrMPwcPRqhLUna3FJL5_8ghsq3mkUQlj7mH3RBWVZpPBpbCAl= Sr_a$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CAE...GSP...ILM...RAH...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35837972 35707929 35467903 35047891 34467910=20
    34027953 33688021 33658093 34088132 34888106=20
    35278080 35668033=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 9 14:58:54 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 091458
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-NCZ000-091955-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1072
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1057 AM EDT Sat Oct 09 2021

    Areas affected...Portions of Central NC and South-Central VA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 091455Z - 091955Z

    SUMMARY...Scattered bands and clusters of showers and
    thunderstorms going through the remainder of the morning and into
    the afternoon hours are expected to result in some additional
    instances of flash flooding where the rainfall becomes more
    focused.

    DISCUSSION...The morning GOES-16 WV imagery shows a mid to
    upper-level trough gradually amplifying and taking on a negative
    tilt across the southern Mid-Atlantic region as a series of
    shortwave impulses dig south-southeast down across the OH Valley
    and the southern Appalachians.

    Already the amplifying shortwave energy/troughing over the
    southern Mid-Atlantic is fostering rather strong dynamic ascent
    over the NC coastal plain with a few bands of heavy showers and
    thunderstorms impacting areas in between Raleigh and Goldboro.
    This convection has been notably warm-topped in nature and
    suggestive of ongoing warm-rain processes which as a result is
    yielding highly efficient and very heavy rainfall rates. Morning
    MRMS hourly QPEs have been periodically reaching 2 to 3 inches
    with this activity.

    Flash flooding has been ongoing and continues across some of these
    areas noting portions of Johnston, Wayne, and Wake counties. More
    recently there has also been some banded areas of heavy rain
    setting up farther north across north-central NC and into
    south-central VA.

    This axis of convection is expected to gradually begin pivoting on
    itself in time in response to the amplifying trough, with the
    southern portion of it likely gradually shifting back to the east,
    but the northern portion tending to slow down and potentially
    become nearly stationary. As a result, there will be additional
    concerns over the next several hours for the rains to be locally
    focused over the same area and thus maintaining a concern for
    excessive rainfall totals.

    The early morning hires model guidance generally show a very poor
    handling of the ongoing activity, but based on the satellite and
    radar trends, and proximity of stronger forcing and a nearby
    instability gradient over eastern NC, the expectation will be for
    locally an additional 3 to 5+ inches of rain going through
    mid-afternoon, with some of the hourly QPEs again on the order of
    2 to 3 inches given the aforementioned warm-rain processes.

    Given the ongoing flash flooding issues locally, and additional
    rainfall concerns, there will likely be additional instances of
    flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r1VJEX4-KayOTkN6XL9svQ5bf_7dUmRcFU7rMSH26xx-tBpbY3L_5ZPB-BMZjDm2H06b= acXU$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...AKQ...MHX...RAH...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37187721 36937698 36497715 35947745 34857784=20
    34797842 35387869 36187861 37067800=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 9 20:27:31 2021
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    ------------=_1633811257-54005-493
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    AWUS01 KWNH 092027
    FFGMPD
    MNZ000-SDZ000-NDZ000-100225-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1073
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    425 PM EDT Sat Oct 09 2021

    Areas affected...Central/Northeast SD...Southeast
    ND...West-Central MN

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 092025Z - 100225Z

    SUMMARY...Widespread convection evolving over areas of
    central/northeast SD, southeast ND and west-central MN is expected
    to result in concentrated areas of heavy rainfall going into the
    evening hours. Some runoff problems and flash flooding will be
    possible.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows increasing coverage of
    showers and thunderstorms across areas of central SD and southeast
    ND which going into the evening hours will continue to grow
    upscale and should advance east and northeast in time through
    adjacent areas of northeast SD, southeast ND and gradually
    west-central MN. A rather significant convective outbreak is
    expected to evolve over these areas as strong left-exit region
    upper-jet dynamics associated with the nose of a jet-streak
    arrives and interacts with a moderately unstable and strongly
    sheared vertical column that is focusing up across areas of the
    northern Plains and upper Midwest around the southeast side of an
    amplifying mid to upper-level trough over the northern Plains.

    MLCAPE values across eastern SD and west-central MN are already on
    the order of 1500+ j/kg and with 40 to 50+ kts of effective bulk
    shear based on the latest RAP analysis. Upper-jet forcing should
    continue to strengthen going through 00Z, and the models show a
    strengthening area of surface low pressure along a front riding
    north-northeast from central NE at 21Z this afternoon to a
    position over far southeast ND and approaching the Red River by
    03Z tonight. As this low center deepens, a convergent and robust
    low-level jet reaching upwards of 40 to 50 kts is forecast to nose
    up around its eastern flank and into areas of eastern SD and
    west-central MN which will greatly enhance the moisture and
    instability transport regime. The end-result will be a fairly
    widespread outbreak of strong and well-organized convection going
    through the evening.

    Already there is a substantial amount of mid and high-level
    moisture arriving with the aforementioned upper-jet with a lot of
    this moisture having a subtropical origin as seen in CIRA-LPW data
    plots. This coupled with the enhanced low-level jet energy and
    related moisture transport nosing up across the Midwest should
    yield shower and thunderstorm activity with enhanced rainfall rate
    potential.

    The HREF guidance shows some hourly QPE values reaching upwards of
    1.5 to 2 inches with the more concentrated/focused areas of
    convection, with the highest probabilities of this occurring
    generally aligned from northeast SD into southeast ND near the
    track of the aforementioned low center.

    There are rather high HREF probabilities of seeing the 6-hour FFG
    values exceeded (60% to 80%), and the 6-hour QPF exceeding the
    10-year ARI (50% to 80%) across this corridor. Recent HRRR runs
    support as much as 3 to 5+ inches of rain through mid-evening
    across areas of northeast SD and southeast ND, and then gradually
    allow for some of this heavy rain to arrive over west-central MN
    thereafter.

    Given the heavier rainfall rates and rather high storm-total
    potential, some flash flooding will be possible, and as always the
    more urbanized areas will be most susceptible to enhanced runoff
    concerns.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pXWptGRcUlrCiwgjyuJbapUOprMqX9WzVObWeqr7pzMP5drVZH9FlYZuoKjVjM1AGgel= ahx3$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ABR...BIS...FGF...FSD...MPX...

    ATTN...RFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48049734 47569567 45789604 44509685 44089801=20
    44269896 45189934 46789883=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 9 22:42:33 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 092242
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-100440-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1074
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    640 PM EDT Sat Oct 09 2021

    Areas affected...Far Eastern NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 092240Z - 100440Z

    SUMMARY...Bands of heavy rain moving inland from an area of low
    pressure southeast of the NC Outer Banks may result in some runoff
    problems going through the evening hours.

    DISCUSSION...Radar and satellite imagery show an area of low
    pressure now situated approximately 100 miles southeast of
    Morehead City, NC, with the low center continuing to slowly
    advance off to the northwest toward the southern NC Outer Banks.
    Bands of heavy rain have been advancing west and overspreading
    areas of far eastern NC including the Outer Banks over the last
    couple of hours and there have been some stronger convective
    elements seen focusing around the northern and western flanks of
    the low center as a result of strengthening moisture convergence
    and more favorable instability profiles.

    In fact, the latest RAP analysis shows an easterly low-level jet
    of 40+ kts aiming through the Outer Banks and with as much as 1500
    to 2000 j/kg of MLCAPE now pooled around the north side of the low
    center. Meanwhile, a highly divergent flow pattern aloft being
    aided by the approach of an upstream mid to upper-level trough
    continues to foster deeper and larger scale ascent over the region.

    The combination of all of this should continue to promote
    convective bands with heavy rainfall going well into the evening
    hours as the low center encroaches on the southern NC Outer Banks.
    Given the persistence of the rainfall, there will be a gradual
    increase in concerns for some runoff problems, and this will be
    enhanced by occasional concentrations of stronger convection and
    heavier rainfall rates that may approach 1.5 to 2 inches/hour. The
    latest HRRR guidance supports as much as 3 to 5 inches of rain
    going past midnight, with the heaviest amounts over the immediate
    Outer Banks. Will continue to monitor.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uF1qn3cK5Q3SfQNU8POjpEw1myB4UhDnGXEyTZEb-3HAYBl8LDvEDLkz-tJp-InvKq8q= iXs9$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MHX...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35967581 35767537 35267542 34947599 34607640=20
    34647673 35067682 35627648=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 10 02:53:05 2021
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    ------------=_1633834391-54005-619
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    AWUS01 KWNH 100253
    FFGMPD
    MNZ000-SDZ000-NDZ000-100820-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1075
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1052 PM EDT Sat Oct 09 2021

    Areas affected...eastern ND into central/northern MN

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 100250Z - 100820Z

    SUMMARY...Rainfall totals of 2-4 inches will be possible across
    parts of eastern ND into central and northern MN through 08Z.
    Flash flooding will be possible with rainfall rates peaking near 2
    in/hr.

    DISCUSSION...02Z radar observations showed a SW to NE oriented
    axis of thunderstorms extending from eastern SD into western MN,
    containing rainfall rates of about 1-2 in/hr, with localized rates
    near 2.3 in/hr via Wunderground.com observations ending 0045Z. The
    heavy rain was occurring in association with a strengthening
    cyclone at the surface, beneath very favorable dynamics aloft. The
    eastern Dakotas into western Minnesota was located beneath the
    left exit region of a 100 to 120 kt jet max at 250 mb and strongly
    diffluient flow. There may also be a region of coupled divergence
    aloft as the right entrance region of a 50-70 kt jet was nearby.
    Instability was greatest across southwestern MN, where the 02Z SPC
    mesoanalysis placed 500 to over 1000 J/kg MLCAPE, but elevated
    instability between 500 and 1000 J/kg also extended into eastern
    ND, northwest of the surface cyclone.

    850 mb winds of 50-60 kt from the SSE over central MN are already
    in place and are forecast by the RAP to help transport
    precipitable water values of 1.25 to ~1.50 inches into northern
    MN, with some moisture wrapping back to the northwest of the
    surface low within a reservoir of elevated instability.

    There are two areas worth monitoring for flash flooding. First is
    across eastern ND into northern MN where a deformation zone is
    expected to slowly pivot across the region over the next 3-6
    hours. While instability will be weaker here, rainfall rates
    occasionally reaching 1 in/hr will be possible, with rainfall
    totals adding to perhaps 2-4 inches by 08Z. The second area will
    be with a quasi-progressive axis of heavy rain, currently moving
    into western MN. Given alignment of this axis with the
    deeper-layer mean wind, some brief training will be possible and
    with access to ample instability to the southeast of the
    convective line, rainfall rates of 1-2 in/hr are expected to
    continue over the next few hours. Flash flood guidance (FFG)
    varies widely across the Dakotas into MN, but overlap of heavy
    rain with areas of low FFG may generate excess runoff. Flash
    flooding will remain possible through at least 08Z with this
    system.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qnb7_ZdVmBsOMTZq4M-z3YyH5el_V1rtTSdl-65Kcc0BEnX36jn6jAYg1EN50YExRnN3= stqu$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ABR...BIS...DLH...FGF...FSD...MPX...

    ATTN...RFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49419499 48959427 48749322 48049283 46899269=20
    46249284 45209360 44659457 44569603 44599670=20
    44829690 45079683 45319638 45549599 45829570=20
    46039568 46299587 46409610 46489651 46449676=20
    46309706 46269744 46299775 46509833 46809893=20
    47139915 48049925 48679847 49079743 49219656=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 10 08:28:41 2021
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    ------------=_1633854528-54005-713
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    AWUS01 KWNH 100828
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-101400-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1076
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    428 AM EDT Sun Oct 10 2021

    Areas affected...far eastern NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 100826Z - 101400Z

    SUMMARY...Slow moving Bands of heavy rain may lead to localized
    flash flooding across portions of the Outer and Inner Banks of
    eastern NC through 14Z. Rainfall rates may reach 2-3 in/hr where
    banding stalls.

    DISCUSSION...08Z surface observations and radar imagery from KMHX
    helped place a surface low roughly 80 miles SE of Cape Lookout,
    NC. Movement of the low over the past 2-3 hours has been slow
    toward the NNW at about 5-7 kt, and this motion is expected to
    continue in the short term via recent runs of the RAP. However,
    despite precipitable water values of 1.5 to 2.0 inches and an
    estimated 500-1000 J/kg CAPE just offshore of the Outer Banks,
    deep convection has been mostly lacking between the surface low
    and the NC coast since about 03Z.

    As the surface low approaches the coast, however, a plume of
    instability (currently offshore) is expected to reach the Outer
    Banks and eastern portions of the Coastal Plain through 12Z.
    Values of CAPE should rise above 500 J/kg as the low draws nearer
    to the coast. If stronger convection materializes to the northwest
    of the surface low center, the environment is favorable for slow
    movement of banded heavy rain which could support rainfall rates
    of 2-3 inches in an hour. While these heavy rainfall rates would
    likely remain very localized, they could lead to excess
    runoff/flash flooding along coastal sections of NC. The most
    likely location for excessive rainfall is from roughly Swansboro
    to Oregon Inlet to about 40 miles inland.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vqCB_s_ErMfZCwgmqjrM9FmmtV3b3ir1UGgO8SXqNlmL35tuOGZmyn0dS5Xh56_GEAV1= bfDN$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MHX...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35677549 35417541 35007561 34727590 34447645=20
    34557688 35187688 35637628=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 10 21:30:49 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 102130
    FFGMPD
    OKZ000-KSZ000-110330-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1077
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    530 PM EDT Sun Oct 10 2021

    Areas affected...Southwest to Northeast OK...Southeast KS

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 102130Z - 110330Z

    SUMMARY...A significant severe weather outbreak is anticipated
    this evening for portions of the southern Plains, and coinciding
    with this will be concerns for thunderstorms producing sufficient
    rainfall for instances of flash flooding to occur.

    DISCUSSION...A strong shortwave trough is seen GOES-16 WV imagery
    ejecting out across the southern High Plains and this energy will
    be amplifying off to the east through the evening hours while
    gradually taking on a negative tilt. The latest model consensus
    supports a mid-level low center closing off overnight while
    driving a strong area of surface low pressure along an axis from
    northwest TX to northeast OK by the late-evening hours.

    Very strong dynamics and related shear with the trough are
    arriving across areas of southwest to central OK currently, and
    this coupled with a destabilizing boundary layer (SBCAPE values
    approaching 1500 to 2000+ j/kg) will work in tandem with a
    strengthening and gradually backing low-level jet (increasing to
    50 to 60 kts) for what will be a significant severe-mode
    convective outbreak. Widespread shower and thunderstorm will
    impact southwest to central OK initially, and then rapidly spread
    into northeast OK and southeast KS going into and through the
    evening hours.

    Enhanced moisture transport aided by the low-level jet (and PWs
    reaching 1.5 to 1.75 inches) coupled with the instability profiles
    and concerns for supercell convection should support rainfall
    rates locally reaching upwards of 1.5 to 2"/hour. This is
    supported quite strongly by the 12Z/18Z HREF guidance and several
    recent runs of the HRRR.

    Convective initiation will be occurring very soon, and the
    activity will become rapidly well-organized by 00Z (7PM CDT) with
    supercell convection not only capable of all severe hazards, but
    also heavy rainfall that may be sufficient to result in instances
    of flash flooding. In fact, some of the hires model guidance shows
    signs of locally repeating supercell activity, with resulting
    swaths of as much as 2 to 4 inches of rain and isolated heavier
    amounts by late-evening.

    This would certainly enhance the concerns for some flash flooding,
    and the more sensitive metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City (OKC)
    and Tulsa (TUL) along with adjacent suburbia will not only want to
    pay close attention to the significant severe weather element of
    this event, but also the concerns of enhanced runoff and flash
    flooding from locally repeating supercell thunderstorms.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rCLN2s69WNiunea_Bfci-LfBiKAVG7gWlixG-KYHQ-PHYOUispPmlTcjcdxna6LyPoRi= xpEM$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ICT...OUN...SGF...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37979557 37739476 36769470 35369564 34719665=20
    34469743 34369835 34579898 34839902 35609847=20
    36299783 37379667=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 11 03:32:23 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110332
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-KSZ000-110900-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1078
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1131 PM EDT Sun Oct 10 2021

    Areas affected...northeastern OK, southeastern KS, northwestern
    AR, western MO

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110330Z - 110900Z

    SUMMARY...A few areas of flash flooding will be possible tonight
    across northeastern OK, southeastern KS, western MO and far
    northwestern AR. Repeating rounds of heavy rain are expected to
    contribute to 2-4 inches across the area through 09Z.

    DISCUSSION...Water vapor imagery at 03Z showed a strong mid-upper
    level low tracking across the northern TX Panhandle. A well
    defined plume of moisture within the warm conveyor belt extended
    northward from TX into eastern OK and eastern KS, ahead of a
    surface cold front that extended SSW from low pressure in central
    OK. Regional radar imagery at 03Z showed a severe line of
    convection oriented roughly north to south from near TUL to DAL.
    This line was responsible for extreme rainfall rates in the OKC
    metro, with several reports of 1 to 2 inches of rain in 15 minutes
    and storm totals of 2 to 2.5 inches.

    According to the 03Z SPC mesoanalysis, precipitable water values
    were estimated to be 1.5 to 1.9 inches along with MUCAPE ranging
    from 500 to 2000 J/kg from eastern OK into southeastern KS. A 50
    kt southerly low level jet was observed via the KINX VAD wind
    profile and some further strengthening toward 60 kt is expected
    over eastern OK into western AR through 06Z.

    Strong moisture transport and lingering instability ahead of the
    cold front will continue to support heavy rainfall rates but the
    intensity should diminish with eastward translation into AR given
    expected weakening instability. Rainfall rates peaking near 1
    in/hr are expected farther north from southeastern KS into western
    MO with this initial round of storms. A second round of convection
    is likely as the closed low over the TX Panhandle approaches
    through 09Z, with steep mid-level lapse rates and strong
    diffluence/divergence aloft, supporting renewed high rainfall
    intensities. Rainfall rates of 1-2 in/hr are expected with the
    second round of convection from northeastern OK into southeastern
    KS. The multiple/repeating rounds of rainfall may support some 2-4
    inch totals and flash flooding across the region through 09Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uf-quiwrNeEEw8c0stVU2r1JysjlL1ys1gdPp5y7n_FHCaICcpCC0kipcZ_7RrlBELV6= gJe4$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EAX...ICT...OUN...SGF...TOP...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39499474 39319314 36829383 35639504 35479613=20
    35819688 36529722 38049650=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 11 09:02:57 2021
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    ------------=_1633942984-54005-1232
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110902
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-IAZ000-KSZ000-111500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1079
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    502 AM EDT Mon Oct 11 2021

    Areas affected...eastern KS into northwestern MO

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110900Z - 111500Z

    SUMMARY...Localized flash flooding will be possible across
    portions of eastern KS into northwestern MO early through 15Z. A
    slow moving axis of heavy rain is likely to affect this region
    with rainfall rates peaking between 1-2 in/hr, leading to 2-3 inch
    totals in 3 hours.

    DISCUSSION...Water vapor imagery as 0830Z showed a well-defined
    mid-level cyclone over the central U.S. with a
    commahead/deformation zone extending from the eastern KS/OK border north-northeastward through northeastern KS. RAP analyses and
    short term forecasts showed the presense of a strengthening 100 kt
    jet streak at 300 mb over eastern OK with strongly diffluent flow
    downstream. Relatively cold mid-level temperatures beneath the
    upper low tracking over southeastern KS were contributing to
    increased instability aloft and renewed convective intensity. 08Z
    MUCAPE values from the SPC mesoanalysis showed 500 to 1000+ J/kg
    over eastern/southeastern KS and MRMS-derived peak rainfall rates
    over the past hour within the commahead precipitation axis have
    ranged between 1-1.5 in/hr.

    Short term forecasts from the RAP support the
    commahead/deformation zone slowly pivoting as it translates
    northeastward over the next few hours with the associated
    precipitation axis remaining over locations of the ground for 2-4
    hours. Peak rainfall rates within the commahead will likely reach
    into the 1.0 to 1.5 in/hr range at times, before CAPE diminishes
    and heavier showers/thunderstorms track off toward the northeast.

    The result will be the potential for 2-3 inches of rain in 3 hours
    or less time, in excess of flash flood guidance across a portion
    of the region. Localized flash flooding may result through 15Z,
    with the threat ending from southwest to northeast with time.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!t6twCz-Bd27-qTyB5DBcWogit1FG6-VvpXokefb_rkFTvd6uLFP_3FjFAV55bIgbNU5N= 2fgx$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DMX...EAX...ICT...SGF...TOP...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 40749422 40739333 40279288 39919291 39319343=20
    38679399 37849451 37179520 37199611 37849640=20
    38429626 39119601 39779553 40439483=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 13 01:21:50 2021
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    ------------=_1634088114-54005-2245
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    AWUS01 KWNH 130121
    FFGMPD
    KSZ000-NEZ000-130645-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1080
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    921 PM EDT Tue Oct 12 2021

    Areas affected...Western KS...Southwest NEB...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 130120Z - 130645Z

    SUMMARY...Strong moisture flux convergence may support intense
    hourly to sub-hourly rainfall totals exceeding lower FFG values in
    the region resulting in low-end spotty flash flooding concerns.=20

    DISCUSSION...GOES-East WV suite depicts a compact and very strong
    closed low centered over Western Colorado attm. A shortwave lobe
    is rounding the base of the cyclone and is expected to pivot
    northeastward across SE CO over the next few hours before pushing
    quickly into W KS. Broad diffluence exists across the
    northeastern to eastern side, providing very strong UVV
    enhancement. Given very strong dynamic environment, the low level
    response has been very strong with surface upslope flow over 30kt,
    still slightly backing across NW KS and SW NEB transporting
    mid-50s Tds toward the eastward punching convective line across W
    KS into SW NEB. CIRA LPW shows further deep moisture off the
    western Gulf across OK with 16-18C Tds nosing into SW KS. This is
    helping to increase over moisture. 850-7H layer suggests arrival
    of subtropical Pacific moisture may lag until later and keep TPW
    values below 1.5" until later. Still, the flux convergence at
    the surface is extreme and any weak rotation/meso-cyclones within
    the convective line will support further enhanced moisture loading
    to the lower profile. This will result in 1"/hr rates (per recent
    1.02" report in Sharon Springs) initially becoming 1.5-2"/hr as
    deeper moisture arrives particularly across SW to South-central KS
    and toward 06z.=20=20

    Residency is likely to be a limiting factor to any flash flooding
    threat given strong eastward propagation as the shortwave surges
    eastward. Initially, across NW KS into NEB, deep layer steering
    flow is oriented favorably south to north for some short-term
    training that may support localized very spotty 1" totals. This
    may near the lower 1hr FFG values across Rawlins, Wallace, Wichta
    counties in KS. This is a lower probability for exceedance and
    may be limited to urban concerns given the instantaneous rates
    involved. However, further southwest; as the shortwave lifts
    north, the 8-5H layer starts to flatten and orient more favorably
    for a SW-NE training axis. This increase in duration (though
    still progressive) along with increasing rainfall efficiency
    should allow for 1.5-2" totals, spots of 2.5" max in less than
    1-1.5 hours. This results in a higher probability to exceed
    similar lower FFG values across portions of S KS such as around
    Meade, Ford, Clark counties. Further support for higher than
    normal runoff comes from NASA SPoRT were LIS 0-40cm soil
    saturation are closer to 70-80% making the area a tad be more
    susceptible to flash flooding than further north. All in all,
    flash flooding is likely to be limited in magnitude and coverage
    but is considered possible through 06z.=20=20

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vdJo2l6-KhgEX9kHD9keKA-y1YjcppusuE1dZpsag6CscJ0gRqkJFkQAwPZzMlMp7Tbw= yaUH$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DDC...GID...GLD...ICT...LBF...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41110043 40739963 40249885 39079829 37409880=20
    37039985 37170104 38000126 39230150 40990186=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 13 06:36:45 2021
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    ------------=_1634107009-54005-2385
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    AWUS01 KWNH 130636
    FFGMPD
    OKZ000-KSZ000-131200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1081
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    236 AM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...Eastern to South-central KS....North-central
    OK...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 130635Z - 131200Z

    SUMMARY...Progressive though weakening QLCS tracking toward higher
    soil saturation area which may result in increased run-off and
    possible flash flooding through early morning.

    DISCUSSION...GOES-East WV suite denotes continued deepening of the
    close low across SE WY into NE CO with broad wedge of colder cloud
    tops with a spine of overshooting tops from south-central NEB back
    to south-southwest KS into far NW OK where new cells continue to
    develop and fill in the line on the upstream edge. Very classic
    strong DPVA/divergent pattern for strong vertical ascent which
    will continue as the next shortwave/height-falls press further
    into the High Central Plains over the next few hours. Low level
    response continues to support strong 20-25kt surface inflow that
    is strongly convergent at the QLCS. Tds in the mid to upper 60s
    with some low 70s across central OK while 16-17C Tds at 850 are
    advected on 50-60 southerly LLJ. As such, strong moisture flux
    convergence into the low cloud is resulting in enhanced rainfall
    efficiency, given these higher winds and precipitable water near
    1.25-1.5 in the lowest 3-4Kft of the cloud. This is particularly
    enhanced near the interface of low level rotation features dotted
    along the line. At times, this results in localized 1.5-2" totals
    in hourly to sub-hourly time scales.=20=20

    Forward propagation has been a significant limiting factor in
    rainfall totals overall. However, veered low to mid-level flow
    across S KS into NW OK has allowed for a more favorable
    orientation of the line with embedded cells moving more parallel
    from SW to NE to support some increased localized residency. It
    is still not prolonged training but still enough to support hourly
    totals of 1.75" occasionally. The lines are moving toward areas
    of recent ground saturation with AHPS 7day anomalies 300-500% of
    normal from the KC Metro, Flint Hills into north-central OK and
    NASA LIS 0-40cm soil saturation values at 80-90%. Given the short
    heavy burst of rainfall and increased soil hydrophobia should
    allow for increased runoff.

    While the line is strong now, strengthened by moderately unstable
    low to mid-level profile (2000 J/kg MUCAPE), this is expected to
    continue to wane through the early morning hours to 1000-1500
    J/kg, and with weakening winds/isallobaric component, rates may
    reduce from 1.5-2"/hr to 1-1.5"/hr especially further north into
    NE KS resulting in reduced flash flooding potential. All
    considered, spotty lower-end/magnitude flash flooding remains
    possible through 12z mainly across those saturated ground
    conditions.=20

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!p3OF52l03xUAWfl_3umn-y3tRL2iMSGZyiwirrUGmedtiF6iDGbX4ugZwewvmCuTYoDa= C-F5$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DDC...ICT...OUN...TOP...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39429606 39089540 38169530 36669604 35609708=20
    35339816 36309851 37159881 37789866 38469834=20
    38939791 39329699=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 13 16:32:25 2021
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    ------------=_1634142748-54005-2614
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    AWUS01 KWNH 131632
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-132231-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1082
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1231 PM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...southwest into west-central Texas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 131631Z - 132231Z

    Summary...Onset of a long-duration flash flood threat is underway
    across the discussion area.

    Discussion...Latest observations and objective analyses indicate a
    nearly surface boundary extending from near 6R6 (near the Big Bend
    region of Texas) east-northeastward to near the Dallas/Fort Worth
    Metro area. Along and southeast of the front, abundantly moist
    and unstable air was supporting scattered showers and
    thunderstorms near the front that were increasing in coverage and
    intensity this morning. Flow aloft was southwesterly - generally
    parallel to the front - which was already allowing for some
    training especially near the convective band about 70 WSW of SJT.
    Areas of 1"/hr rates were already noted, which is not particularly
    surprising given 1.5-1.9 inch PW values along and ahead of the
    front.

    Over the next 6 hours (and potentially beyond), models depict a
    gradual expansion of convective coverage primarily due to weak confluence/convergence along and ahead of the front. The approach
    of moisture/lift associated with Tropical Cyclone Pam along the
    western coast of Mexico will also contribute to expanded
    convective coverage over time as well. FFG thresholds are
    generally in the 2-3"/hr range across most of the discussion area
    (slightly lower near the Austin/San Antonio corridor), suggesting
    that the greatest flash flood threat will be tied to areas that
    can experience training and/or persistence of heavy rainfall in
    the near term.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!onMi6Wn6aaMaCjMofPUyBKvBiiHfy2RBzTfrnucKlNBHk-Y_wl93-3y5P8G7XfxPCErA= a9Lt$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EWX...FWD...MAF...SJT...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32689805 32479765 31719781 30789875 29679955=20
    29130038 29300089 29560173 29570234 29690269=20
    30450231 31190151 32489919=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 13 21:12:55 2021
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    ------------=_1634159580-54005-2776
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    AWUS01 KWNH 132112
    FFGMPD
    ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-140311-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1083
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    512 PM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...north Texas, southeastern Oklahoma, far
    northwestern Arkansas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 132111Z - 140311Z

    Summary...Scattered thunderstorms will continue to build
    northeastward across the discussion area, with a few localized
    instances of flash flooding potentially occurring through 03Z.

    Discussion...A complicated surface pattern was in place across the
    discussion area. A diffuse remnant boundary from earlier,
    weakening convection was generally located from near Fayetteville,
    AR to near Durant, OK. This boundary was separating deeper
    boundary layer moisture with 70s F dewpoints to its east from
    slightly lower moisture content to its west. A separate surface
    boundary was located to the northwest across north-central
    Oklahoma. Meanwhile, deepening convection across north-central
    Texas was migrating northeastward into the discussion area amid
    southwesterly flow aloft. Weak confluence along the remnant
    boundary was providing an impetus for convective development
    particularly along the portions of the boundary near the Red
    River. Indications are that this convection will continue to
    expand in coverage while approaching northwest Arkansas through
    the evening. It's orientation (parallel to flow aloft) will allow
    for localized training in addition to localized areas of 1-2"/hr
    rainfall rates beneath heavier convection.

    Soils are wettest in northeastern/east-central Oklahoma where 1-2
    inches have fallen over the past 24 hours. Drier soils (and
    higher FFG thresholds) are noted south of I-40 in eastern Oklahoma
    and adjacent areas of far northeast Texas. With the dry
    antecedent conditions and FFGs as high as 3-4"/hr, it will likely
    take time to moisten soils enough for runoff concerns. Flash
    flooding is most likely to occur in hydrophobic land-surface areas
    and areas where more persistent/training convection can develop
    through 03Z.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sWdKPa2ACKsxwYP8HSkR5gG5Cs9y1ok5vEb-TJ5Tx6R_sFavmGeJUxlwIY7HiOKdK0JY= -eUp$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FWD...OUN...SHV...SJT...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36339456 36129424 35449410 35109444 34129536=20
    33389637 32739724 32189825 32379890 33049907=20
    33429887 34069780 35049658 35849545 36069516=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Oct 13 22:43:28 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 132243
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-140440-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1084
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    642 PM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...portions of south and southwest Texas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 132240Z - 140440Z

    Summary...Continued shower and thunderstorm activity downstream of
    Tropical Cyclone Pamela will contribute to a continued flash flood
    risk in Texas this evening.

    Discussion...Some upscale growth and forward propagation of
    convection has been noted in recent radar mosaic imagery from
    Brownwood to Junction. This has allowed for a more eastward
    component to storm motion and limited the extent of rain rates
    temporarily. Meanwhile, additional convection continues northeast
    and southeast of the linear MCS. The center of Tropical Cyclone
    Pam was centered over rugged terrain southwest of the discussion
    area, but was making quick progress toward the region. In areas
    unaffected by convection, abundant moisture and instability were
    in place, with 70s F dewpoints supporting approximately 1500-2500
    J/kg MLCAPE and 1.9-2.1 inch PW values amid weak convective
    inhibition.

    Latest thinking is that convection will continue to redevelop from
    southwest to northeast across the discussion area as the unstable
    airmass interacts with lingering boundaries from earlier
    convection across the region. Advancing TC Pam will also aid in
    convective redevelopment. Southwesterly flow aloft will continue
    to foster areas of training/repeat convection, and localized rain
    rates beneath heavier and/or training convection could approach
    3"/hr at times. Widespread 1-3 inch rainfall amounts are
    possible, and a few areas of 6-inch totals cannot be ruled out.

    Soils are continuing to moisten due to ongoing convection. This
    should result in lowering FFG thresholds (already as low at 1"/hr
    near sensitive areas from Austin/San Antonio westward to near Del
    Rio). The expected convective activity is likely to cause areas
    of flash flooding, which could become significant if focused,
    favorably oriented bands of convection can materialize this
    evening.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pwaf-GfibclIupzqE9m21aDxa9WmAi93mEr0UCzMyal1FMuOmHAiSP2m5V7fKAg6xBmS= iAN7$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CRP...EWX...FWD...SJT...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32329923 32319779 31829702 30819696 29289795=20
    28249851 27769898 27599956 27950019 28890099=20
    29620129 30210085 31120060 32000017=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 14 02:17:29 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1634177854-54005-2897
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    AWUS01 KWNH 140217
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-140800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1085
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1016 PM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...Central to Southwest MO...Northwest AR...Eastern
    OK...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 140215Z - 140800Z

    SUMMARY...Multiple bouts of efficient rainfall producing
    thunderstorms across a stationary deep moisture axis likely to
    produce pockets of flash flooding overnight.

    DISCUSSION...The 00z SGF sounding is a great example of the deeply
    saturated environment traced back to the sub-tropical Pacific and
    moisture associated with T.C. Pamala. Moist adiabatic though
    along/just east of the deeper axis and mid-level moisture/rain
    shield, there remains a narrow ribbon of weak to modest
    instability of 500-1000 J/kg. Still, with some mid to upper level
    forcing and modest upglide ascent along weak cold pools/outflows
    in proximity to diffuse surface boundary from NE TX across E OK
    provides localized moisture convergence for stronger vertical
    development. While it is a bit more slanted given the shallow
    cold pools, the mean flow supports training through the deeper
    SW-NE atmospheric river.=20=20=20

    Upstream, GOES-E WV suite denotes a nice anti-cyclonically curved
    cirrus pattern across W OK into KS suggestive of strong/tight
    gradient to the right entrance of the upper-level jet. This
    provides ample upper-level divergence to enhance the convection to
    support occasional rates up to 2"/hr. Given the training
    potential, pockets of 2-4" totals remain possible. Given recent
    rainfall throughout the day, FFG values have fallen in response
    and the general <2"/hr values are likely to be eclipsed but in a
    scattered pattern from the Red River through the Ozarks. The
    aforementioned shortwave ridging aloft will flatten but the wave
    will continue north-northeast along the axis and not waver too
    much for eastward propagation. As such, heavy rainfall will
    expand northward into the complex terrain of MO with 2-3" totals
    possible through 08z and similar though likely a bit further
    scattered in nature for flash flooding conditions.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oWiIz7ld3_4zt_YOXNZVb2J_thiLAqNMK3uCOhHe9BsbLoNah-X9Zhjnhmonqp25AF6o= zx3M$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LSX...LZK...OUN...SGF...SHV...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38889190 38389105 37559146 36419237 35259347=20
    34149452 33989635 34419656 35859550 37259434=20
    38419290=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 14 03:16:58 2021
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    ------------=_1634181424-54005-2917
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    AWUS01 KWNH 140316
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-140915-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1086
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1116 PM EDT Wed Oct 13 2021

    Areas affected...Northeast Texas to HIll County to Southern
    Texas...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 140315Z - 140915Z

    SUMMARY...Highly efficient, repeating thunderstorms in the Hill
    County to Southern Texas likely to produce flash flooding. Lower
    but non-zero flooding potential in deeper moisture axis north into
    Northeast Texas...

    DISCUSSION...Regional RADAR mosaic denotes a strong squall line
    across northeast Texas pressing eastward along the southeast
    quadrant of height-falls of northeastward moving shortwave. CIRA
    LPW suite depicts deep moisture axis extends across northeast
    Texas into E Ok, but a subtle mid-level ridging has lead to
    localized mid-level drying to support enhanced cold pools and
    eastward propagation over the last few hours. This will reduce
    residency at any given locale, but there does remain ample
    moisture through the cloud layer up to 2" (though mainly loaded
    below 7H). This will continue to support sub-hourly totals of
    1.5-2" from Navarro northward along near a weak surface wave along
    the surface front. As such flash flooding remains possible
    particularly over urban locations, as denoted by OU Flash output
    over 400-800 cfs over eastern DFW metro. Unlike further south,
    instability is more limited and likely to be exhausted over the
    next few hours with best enhancement/dynamic ascent with the
    shortwave moving into OK (see MPD 1085).

    Hill county southward...
    Flash flooding potential is starting to ramp up in earnest.=20=20 Aforementioned shortwave is lifting north-northeast into OK with
    the trailing edge of the trof angling back across the Hill county.
    Deeper layer moisture denoted in the CIRA LPW is starting to
    emerge through the 7-3H layer off the NE Mexican Plateau to
    combine with surging mid to upper 70s Tds off the western Gulf
    across South Texas. Shortwave ridging from the approach of Pamala
    will allow for the trof axis to linger and increase in
    intersection with southwest to southerly flow enhancing deep layer
    moisture convergence especially deepening the tropical rainfall
    layer into the mid-levels. At the surface high theta-E fairly
    untapped unstable air is one supporting low level moisture flux to
    enhance Total PWat values of 2.25-2.5", while uncapped MLCAPEs of
    1000-2500 J/kg in axis as far northas Williamson/Bell/Milam
    counties (generally where the mid-level trof inflection occurs
    back toward the west).

    As such, GOES-E IR shows the deep very cold convective tops
    reaching -75 to -80C at times from the Hill country back to SW
    Webb county. Given limited dry air and orientation to the
    approach of Pamala's vorticity center, eastward propagation is
    likely to be a bit more limited than further north, increasing
    residency time. Combine this with that deep moisture, rain rates
    of 3"/hr are likely, with example of 1.45"/15 minutes near Blanco,
    TX earlier this evening. Given these rates and residency time,
    localized totals near strongest thunderstorms of 6-8" are possible
    by 09z. This is particularly a concern for considerable flash
    flooding across the Hill country of I-35 from Williamson to Bexar
    counties where terrain is more complex and prone to rapid rise
    flooding. Still south of Bexar, FFG values are much higher at
    3-4"/hr and 5"/3hr, but there will be localized cells that are
    likely to be exceeded resulting in flash flooding.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ts-WoOdNxXH3o9pVverlW-Q7EWrS3n2O9vc1SCYmszX1UIpx6DCNGCJaawAZ-PtAl0Dz= ouy3$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BRO...CRP...EWX...FWD...HGX...SHV...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 33739587 33609483 32239489 30039680 27809791=20
    27059875 27259975 28409979 29399949 30239896=20
    31699754 33369680=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 14 08:33:06 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1634200391-54005-2990
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    AWUS01 KWNH 140832
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-141400-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1087
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    432 AM EDT Thu Oct 14 2021

    Areas affected...Eastern Hill County to Central Coastal Plain of
    Texas...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 140830Z - 141400Z

    SUMMARY...A few more hours of excessive short-term rates which may
    result in localized flash flooding conditons before waning by
    mid-morning.

    DISCUSSION...The main core of mid to upper level moisture and
    energy of Pamala continues to shift northeast toward the Texas
    Coastal Plain with 7H Tds to near 10C. Low level moisture/high
    theta-E air off the western Gulf also remains with cointued solid
    transport of 25kts at 85H though continues to slacken and veer
    toward the trailing mid-level shortwave trof shearing across E
    OK/NE Texas. With the continued moistrue flux in the mid-levels,
    lapse rates are warming slightly to reduce overall instability
    with only pockets of 1500 J/kg MUCAPEs remaining.=20

    Ongoing convection moving across Gonzales county, has
    supported/reinforced an E-W outflow boundary back toward S
    Bexar/Atascosa county. While low level flow is veering in respose
    to the passing wave, it remains confluent and generally
    perpendicular to the boundary supporting solid upglide to tap some
    of the remaining unstable air. Additionally, generally untapped
    unstable air resides over S Texas but with a strentening capping,
    but should also be advected to further aid some ascent along that
    convergence boundary as well. This will support continued
    redevelopment and while not as intense as some ongoing 2-3"/hr
    rates further east, should be capable of intense tropical warm
    cloud showers with rates up to 1.5-2.5" perhaps tracking eastward
    across areas already affected with heavier totals. Additional
    2-4" totals could be expected. Hydrologically, the FFG values
    are much higher east of I-35 into the Coastal Plain, but given
    rivers/streams generally orient this direction as well, additional
    rainfall along any outflowing flood waves would further expand any
    flash flooding concerns through early morning. Still with
    decreasing rates/weakening flow and higher FFG, flash flooding
    becomes less likely overall and probaby more isolated to scattered
    in nature and so is considered possible through 14z.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uenPC6l1dFeDr33PC3kcQYdoDZv2-e4hQgBcmnqizJLCi1_Rl5IW-Yj6o3eGHFezKp5B= dnWE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CRP...EWX...HGX...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30799627 30719585 30269583 29689608 29229637=20
    28919668 28629707 28469784 28739842 29479822=20
    30089759 30529679=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 14 14:32:08 2021
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    ------------=_1634221933-54005-3068
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    AWUS01 KWNH 141432
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-141800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1088
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1031 AM EDT Thu Oct 14 2021

    Areas affected...middle/lower Texas Coastal areas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 141430Z - 141800Z

    Summary...A slow-moving MCS will continue a flash flood threat
    this morning across the discussion area, though this risk should
    diminish and move off shore through 18Z or so.

    Discussion...A persistent, organized band of convection continues
    to drift very slowly southward near the VCT, NIR, and CRP areas.=20
    MRMS rainfall rates continue to indicate 2-4"/3hour rainfall rates
    with this system, which is not surprising given the abundantly
    moist pre-convective airmass supporting the convection (2-2.4 inch
    PW values and 2000 J/kg MLCAPE). Despite high FFGs in areas ahead
    of the convection, the rainfall rates will likely cause a few
    flash flooding issues through 18Z especially in
    hydrophobic/urbanized areas.

    Over time, the absence of substantial forcing for ascent aloft,
    weakening low-level fields, and progression toward open waters of
    the Gulf of Mexico all point to a subsiding flash flood threat.=20 Observations/models suggest that this could occur around or
    shortly after 18Z as the MCS finally reaches the coastline.=20

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rjc3ztOnOkKicscdejjYql19whG1x6gJ5BiBKimLr5GtKFZfgfrJHYXd2Qv3_iiN-7pU= 1xU7$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BRO...CRP...EWX...HGX...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 29789560 29439557 28569614 27649715 27079834=20
    27419876 28069887 28589826 29519637=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 15 08:05:21 2021
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    ------------=_1634285127-119248-229
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    AWUS01 KWNH 150805
    FFGMPD
    ARZ000-OKZ000-151200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1089
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    404 AM EDT Fri Oct 15 2021

    Areas affected...East-central OK...Northwest AR...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 150800Z - 151200Z

    SUMMARY...Increasing rain rates crossing increasingly saturated
    soils pose low-end isolated flash flooding risk through early
    morning.

    DISCUSSION...RADAR mosaic across Eastern Oklahoma depicts a fast
    moving convective complex that is starting to take on more mature
    meso-scale features that would be supportive of small areas of
    increased rainfall duration. Strong rotational feature/MCV
    entering Okmulgee county is enhancing southerly flow and WAA
    along/ahead of the complex resulting in expansion of the effective
    forward flank upglide region, expanding highly efficient rainfall
    cores (up to 1.75-2"/hr) east to west along the orientation of the
    complex. Similarly, the flanking line has also flattened to the
    mean motion as well increasing overall residency of these intense
    rain rates. OHP from INX depicts 1-2" estimates which appear to
    match backyard weather observations such as 1.52" in Seminole
    county in less than 1 hour as it passed and 1.25" in 30 minutes NW
    of Wetumka. In addition, a solid reservoir of 1000 J/kg MUCAPE
    remains across eastern OK along with sufficient 925-850 southerly
    to south-southwesterly upglide to maintain convective strength and
    moisture flux into the complex for the next few hours.=20

    To complicate matters there are a few weaker upstream cells across
    Muskogee to Adair county that are further preparing the grounds
    but the larger event over the last few days resulted in higher
    than normal and deeper soil saturation with NASA LIS 0-40cm ratios
    around 90 to 95% in far E OK, maximized near FSM to Benton county
    AR confirmed by OU Mesonet site 16 to 32" saturation ratios of 90
    to 100%. This should support limited infiltration and increased
    run-off posing possible flash flooding mainly exceeding 1hr FFG
    time-scales.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vNljb1ioum6wCNgrcG422mgt22v3-0P7qu7QJQTM2cCSdKEfn3XTEWLFtqKjicDTlSPE= uYev$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LZK...OUN...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36459443 36439370 36259315 35639309 35159370=20
    35069529 35099595 35399626 35959608 36319530=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 16 02:47:03 2021
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    ------------=_1634352426-119248-495
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    AWUS01 KWNH 160246
    FFGMPD
    OHZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-160645-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1090
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1046 PM EDT Fri Oct 15 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast IND...Northern KY....Southwest OH

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 160245Z - 160645Z

    SUMMARY...Fast moving but training thunderstorms capable of
    1.5-2"/hr rates and low-end flash flooding risk

    DISCUSSION...02Z surface map shows a wave just north of Louisville
    zipping north-northeast along a sharpening frontal zone through
    the Cincinnati Metro area. Maximized DPVA downstream of
    approaching strong mid-level trof coincident with peak diffluent
    pattern of the 110kt 3H jet streak provides ample upper level
    support for further strengthening of the frontal zone and low
    level moisture convergence along said boundary. With nearly 180
    degrees of convergence at the surface and upper 60s Tds with
    modest 500-750 J/kg CAPE, thunderstorms have been strengthening
    but also expanding downstream (Hamilton county, OH) of the
    main/strongest cluster in Scott to Jefferson county IND. Recent
    observations of 1.85" in an hour and 2" in about 1.5 hours near
    Salem denote the deep unidirectional steering flow parallel to the
    front ahead of the surface wave is sufficient for low-end
    exceedance of 1hr FFG values in the region particularly along/near
    the bluffs of the Central Ohio River and urban center.

    While deep layer flow is parallel, it is very stronger limiting
    duration to about 1-2 hours and so the areal coverage of potential
    flash flooding is going to be a narrow track potentially through
    the urban location of Metro Cincinnati increasing higher run-off
    given rates of 2"/hr for possible short-duration flash flooding.=20

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pEMJyIxsmQNYcv9gyxZoMBRVqfO1PUypU2rLJaDkUKsigeZsoTDvMe__9i8oaHJodq5f= 10ZW$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILN...IND...LMK...

    ATTN...RFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39708392 39668319 39258295 38838322 38548406=20
    38338524 38428585 38858593 39228552 39538471=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 21 23:03:23 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 212303
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-ORZ000-220459-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1091
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    702 PM EDT Thu Oct 21 2021

    Areas affected...northwestern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 212259Z - 220459Z

    Summary...An atmospheric river event will produce locally heavy
    rainfall over the discussion area over the next 3-6 hours. This
    could cause flash flooding in sensitive areas and burn scars.

    Discussion...Relatively light rainfall (with rain rates between
    0.1 and 0.2"/hr) is overspreading the discussion area in response
    to an approaching front over the northeastern Pacific and
    mid-level moist advection downstream of a cutoff low centered
    around 49.5N, -134W. In fact, models indicate enhanced integrated
    vapor transport along an axis very near/parallel to the Pacific
    Coast characteristic of an evolving, moderate atmospheric river
    event. Meanwhile, recent fire activity over the last couple of
    years have resulted in extensive burn scars capable of promoting
    very efficient runoff. Although the region has been generally dry
    until today, local hydrophobic surfaces (tied to burn scars and
    urbanized areas) could result in areas of flash flooding even with
    rainfall rates generally below FFG thresholds in much of the
    region.

    Models suggest that areas of rainfall will continue through at
    least 04Z, although heavier rainfall rates will probably occur
    thereafter as stronger mid-level forcing (and attendant jet
    stream) approaches the Pacific coast. 0.5+ inch/hr rain rates are
    more likely around/after that time. HREF guidance suggesting
    potential for 2-inch totals (including 1-1.25 inch/3 hour rates)
    especially near orographically favored areas. Flash flooding is
    most likely near burn scar areas in this regime.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r23eM14yMjMlx93TP3CszihIyVS8nHL5G-yMcuLjPmV7jenK7iaNJNRO0f-si87PAtLV= 4VSf$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...MFR...MTR...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 42022333 41892209 41382140 40762134 40392185=20
    39932229 39372252 38842286 38922354 39362413=20
    40442439 41932422=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 22 05:39:28 2021
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    ------------=_1634881173-2133-397
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    AWUS01 KWNH 220539
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-ORZ000-221135-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1092
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    138 AM EDT Fri Oct 22 2021

    Areas affected...Northern California and Southwestern Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 220535Z - 221135Z

    Summary...A landfalling atmospheric river will lead to widespread
    rainfall rates of 0.25-0.50"/hr with rates occasionally exceeding
    0.50"/hr. While the rainfall will largely be beneficial for the
    region, localized instances of flash flooding (and debris flows)
    are possible across recently-burned areas (i.e. burn scars).

    Discussion...A relatively early season atmospheric river (AR) is
    in the process of making landfall along the northwestern CONUS
    coast with the southern edge of the heavier rainfall gradually
    expanding farther inland across northern California. Precipitable
    water (PWAT) values currently range from 0.7-1.4 inches (with 1.38
    inches measured by the 00z sounding at OAK, which exceeds the max
    moving average in the climatological record dating back to 1948).
    MUCAPE is also as high as 100-250 J/kg across the region,
    indicating a degree of instability across the area of deep
    moisture flux convergence. Strong low-level water vapor transport
    from the SSW is depicted in association with the AR, but notably
    the magnitude has decreased somewhat over the past 2-4 hours.

    The latest HREF guidance indicates quarter to half inch rainfall
    rates gradually expanding inland across northern California and
    southwestern Oregon over the next 6 hours with rates perhaps
    approaching as high as 1"/hr locally. Totals through 12z look to
    generally range from 0.5" to 1.5" across the region, but locally
    may be as high as 2-3". While this rainfall will be largely
    beneficial for the drought-stricken region, people in and around
    burn scars should be alert to the potential for flash floods and
    debris flows. While any recently-burned area will be at risk of a
    flash flood and/or debris flow, a heightened threat will exist
    (with the best odds of realizing half inch per hour exceedance)
    across the McFarland and Monument Burn Scars, per HREF guidance.

    Churchill

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!o-3Dy_yfaN-z0R_dlKQF1Fj1IVwoy3qVzThFRu9Q0aFCXNatIWMxjTrwxwFaOIv6rJSq= Wumf$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...MFR...MTR...PDT...PQR...REV...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44602260 43862129 41472128 40072128 39692154=20
    39352167 39082189 38822199 38552204 38242209=20
    37922205 36852221 37622310 38062347 38832395=20
    39762445 40932473 42282471 43552410=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 22 11:39:32 2021
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    ------------=_1634902775-2133-442
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    AWUS01 KWNH 221139
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-ORZ000-221806-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1093
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    738 AM EDT Fri Oct 22 2021

    Areas affected...Northern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 221136Z - 221806Z

    Summary...An atmospheric river will continue across Northern
    California, steadily sinking south and east along and just ahead
    of a surface cold front. Periods of moderate to heavy rain are
    occurring with rain rates of 0.5 inches per hour possible through
    the next few hours leading to the potential for flooding.=20

    Discussion...Satellite imagery and surface observations reveal a
    970mb cyclone centered 53.3N 135.6W, just north of the Pacific
    Northwest coast and just off of Graham Island. Draped to its
    south is an associated cold front that is moving inland across the
    Pacific Northwest and providing a surge of moisture into Northern
    California and far southern Oregon this morning. This focused
    moisture flux will continue to aim anomalously high precipitable
    water values into the coastal ranges, Shasta range and the
    northern Sierra Nevada through 18Z. Precipitable water values of
    1.25 inches (which is supported by the latest TPW) should slowly
    diminish with loss of mid and upper level forcing. This is around
    2-3 standard deviations above the mean for this region and during
    this time of year. Given the strong 850mb inflow from the
    south-southwest of 35-45 knots, anticipate plenty of upslope to
    help wring out moisture on the windward side of the slopes.=20
    Instability will be a limiting factor as values based on the
    latest SPC mesoanalysis indicates MUCAPE of less than 250 J/kg.
    Thus based on the moisture transport, instability and overall
    forcing for ascent, anticipate hourly rain rates to stay at or
    just below 0.5 inch per hour. This is largely supported by the
    latest high resolution guidance and HREF probabilities. While
    these rates could lead to flooding, the progressive nature of this
    atmospheric river should limit the overall impacts in any one
    location.=20

    Speaking of impacts, the antecedent conditions leading to this
    atmospheric river have been incredibly dry, which will be another
    factor that limits the overall potential for flooding. However,
    if brief periods of moderate to heavy rain occur over burn scars
    (most notably near Dixie and North Fire) this may lead to
    localized flooding or debris flows.

    Pagano

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sitZ9gejgU4hYZes-IHHgU-X50jpdFTTqLzaqVZko_7VJbqwa3CWarYqLvYo0Ickve_d= Keg7$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...MFR...MTR...REV...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 42222205 41692126 40512158 39912067 39022025=20
    38622079 39502227 38442246 38292348 38822378=20
    39912335 41542275=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 23 11:00:47 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1634986851-2133-677
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    AWUS01 KWNH 231100
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-KSZ000-231657-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1094
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    659 AM EDT Sat Oct 23 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast Oklahoma....Southern Missouri

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 231057Z - 231657Z

    Summary...A cluster of slow moving thunderstorms may lead to
    localized flash flooding through the morning hours.

    Discussion...A weak mid-level impulse is currently interacting
    with a stationary boundary at the surface which has triggered
    shower and thunderstorm development across portions of southeast
    Oklahoma into southern portions of Missouri this morning.=20
    Precipitable water values are hovering around 1.25 inches based on
    the latest TPW with inflow around 25 to 35 knots from the
    southwest. In addition, the SPC mesoanalysis shows 1000-2000 J/kg
    of MUCAPE which has produced rain rates as high as 1.50 inches per
    hour, especially in southeast Oklahoma. Based on the orientation
    of a weak surface trough and the propagation of these storms,
    training could develop. Therefore, rain rates may approach 2
    inches within an hour in some locations.=20

    Given much of this region has observed below near normal
    precipitation within the last week, flash flood guidance is around
    2-2.5 inches in an hour. However, with rain rates steadily
    increasing this morning, the basins are becoming saturated which
    is supported by the latest FLASH output. Therefore, the potential
    for flash flooding exists but will likely be localized. Anticipate
    the flooding impacts to diminish by late morning as the low to
    mid-level dynamics weaken.

    Pagano=20

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ufMQYobUbE_1TPzLiQrsOyrGYfvuu_fxkehv_txB0BVgmFh541bUhih_UTs2PRMVJvv2= Ek4L$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EAX...ICT...LSX...LZK...PAH...SGF...TOP...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38629635 38139304 37279095 36389154 36669400=20
    37289588 38279685=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 23 11:16:18 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1634987783-2133-678
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    AWUS01 KWNH 231116
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-KSZ000-231715-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1094...Corrected
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    715 AM EDT Sat Oct 23 2021

    Corrected for Area impacted

    Areas affected...Southeast Kansas...Southern Missouri

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 231115Z - 231715Z

    Summary...A cluster of slow moving thunderstorms may lead to
    localized flash flooding through the morning hours.

    Discussion...A weak mid-level impulse is currently interacting
    with a stationary boundary at the surface which has triggered
    shower and thunderstorm development across portions of southeast
    Kansas into southern portions of Missouri this morning.=20
    Precipitable water values are hovering around 1.25 inches based on
    the latest TPW with inflow around 25 to 35 knots from the
    southwest. In addition, the SPC mesoanalysis shows 1000-2000 J/kg
    of MUCAPE which has produced rain rates as high as 1.50 inches per
    hour, especially in southeast Kansas. Based on the orientation of
    a weak surface trough and the propagation of these storms,
    training could develop. Therefore, rain rates may approach 2
    inches within an hour in some locations.=20

    Given much of this region has observed below near normal
    precipitation within the last week, flash flood guidance is around
    2-2.5 inches in an hour. However, with rain rates steadily
    increasing this morning, the basins are becoming saturated which
    is supported by the latest FLASH output. Therefore, the potential
    for flash flooding exists but will likely be localized. Anticipate
    the flooding impacts to diminish by late morning as the low to
    mid-level dynamics weaken.

    Pagano=20

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oy2R5DKmRw_alBBnYmgHgauC0Uotx-0yaexZN0RnCmQP0d-crW-2V3_YglY1bIwCFE5s= VDg2$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EAX...ICT...LSX...LZK...PAH...SGF...TOP...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38629635 38139304 37279095 36389154 36669400=20
    37289588 38279685=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Oct 23 11:20:18 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1634988023-2133-679
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    AWUS01 KWNH 231120
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-KSZ000-231715-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1094...Corrected
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    719 AM EDT Sat Oct 23 2021

    Corrected for Area impacted

    Areas affected...Southeast Kansas...Southern Missouri

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 231115Z - 231715Z

    Summary...A cluster of slow moving thunderstorms may lead to
    localized flash flooding through the morning hours.

    Discussion...A weak mid-level impulse is currently interacting
    with a stationary boundary at the surface which has triggered
    shower and thunderstorm development across portions of southeast
    Kansas into southern portions of Missouri this morning.=20
    Precipitable water values are hovering around 1.25 inches based on
    the latest TPW with inflow around 25 to 35 knots from the
    southwest. In addition, the SPC mesoanalysis shows 1000-2000 J/kg
    of MUCAPE which has produced rain rates as high as 1.50 inches per
    hour, especially in southeast Kansas. Based on the orientation of
    a weak surface trough and the propagation of these storms,
    training could develop. Therefore, rain rates may approach 2
    inches within an hour in some locations.=20

    Given much of this region has observed below near normal
    precipitation within the last week, flash flood guidance is around
    2-2.5 inches in an hour. However, with rain rates steadily
    increasing this morning, the basins are becoming saturated which
    is supported by the latest FLASH output. Therefore, the potential
    for flash flooding exists but will likely be localized. Anticipate
    the flooding impacts to diminish by late morning as the low to
    mid-level dynamics weaken.

    Pagano=20

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!smn2YBzoP_l-FeY1YyiddF2bZ1G7KYa7pua8L5378GaaesWjeE2XZeVLj5NHsItKFWZx= LTTQ$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EAX...ICT...LSX...LZK...PAH...SGF...TOP...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38629635 38139304 37279095 36389154 36669400=20
    37289588 38279685=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 24 04:56:32 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635051399-2133-862
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    AWUS01 KWNH 240456
    FFGMPD
    NVZ000-CAZ000-ORZ000-241500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1095
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1255 AM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...Northern California and Southwestern Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 240453Z - 241500Z

    Summary...A very strong atmospheric river will make landfall early
    this morning along portions of the Pacific Northwest coastline,
    bringing widespread moderate to heavy rainfall to portions of
    northern California and southwestern Oregon. Rainfall rates look
    to quickly increase to as high as 0.5-1.0"/hr, and may exceed 1"
    locally at times. Isolated instances of flash flooding may begin
    to develop, particularly in and around burn scars.

    Discussion...Another early season atmospheric river (AR) is poised
    to make landfall along the Pacific Northwest coastline this
    morning, but this AR looks to be the strongest yet by a rather
    wide margin. The bulk of its might looks to be directed at
    northern California, though some impacts will stretch farther
    northward into portions of southwestern Oregon. Perhaps the best
    single parameter to put the magnitude of this AR into context is
    the integrated waver vapor transport (or IVT), which looks to peak
    well above the 99th percentile relative to the 1979-2009 CFSR
    climatological database. This record value (relative to the
    database) suggests a recurrence interval of 30+ years. Even worse,
    these transport vectors are pointed directly at the northern
    California coastline (from the WSW), suggesting that extreme
    rainfall rates (0.5-1.0+"/hr) associated with this record moisture
    transport should be easily realized. Precipitable water values
    along the coast will surge from 0.75-1.25 inches currently to
    1.25-1.75 inches by 09-12z as a strong low-level jet (60-80 knots
    at 850 mb) punches into the northern California coast. This should
    coincide with the arrival of the heaviest rainfall rates, and
    while this rainfall should be largely beneficial for the
    drought-stricken region, significant concerns exist for
    recently-burned areas with highly hydrophobic soil conditions.
    These concerns will exist well beyond the length of this MPD given
    how extreme this event appears to be, so any evacuation orders
    from local officials should be taken seriously.

    Hi-res CAM guidance has been in rather good agreement regarding
    the timing of this event, depicting the arrival of the frontal
    zone between 09-12z with PWATs, IVT, and rainfall rates surging in
    tandem. The HRRR indicates a rapid increase in rates from
    0.10-0.25"/hr to 0.50-1.00"+/hr locally, including in and around
    the rather sensitive McFarland and Monument Burn Scars. These
    rates look to continue unabated through the morning hours,
    shifting slightly equatorward over time and spreading farther
    inland into northeastern portions of California. While these
    higher rates will likely not persist hour-to-hour over any one
    location, sub-hourly (15-min) rates of 0.25" are enough to cause
    rapid flash flooding and subsequent debris flows over sensitive, recently-burned areas. Rainfall totals (12-hourly) through 15z may
    exceed 3 inches locally, but will generally range from 1-3 inches.

    Churchill

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uaM4UfwpbdjadCmAxYsdQnCCFinEjoKjL8yK4vEh_KsZo_wR2DMFPDxyjPfymcD4tV3C= e-SM$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...HNX...MFR...MTR...REV...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 43482128 43262095 42912068 41932016 41502008=20
    40582016 40152043 38881993 37931919 38162026=20
    38372113 37872189 37112148 36892206 37312275=20
    37752311 38192348 38962399 39992467 40802470=20
    41382455 42572468 43052459 42952390 42912296=20
    43362228=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 24 06:38:33 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635057520-2133-888
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    AWUS01 KWNH 240638
    FFGMPD
    ILZ000-MOZ000-IAZ000-NEZ000-241235-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1096
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    237 AM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...Southern Iowa...Far East-Central
    Nebraska...Northern Missouri...South-Central Illinois

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 240635Z - 241235Z

    Summary...Isolated instances of flash flooding are possible across
    portions of the Midwest with rainfall rates of 1-2"/hr resulting
    in localized totals of 3+ inches.

    Discussion...A strengthening low-level jet is fueling convective
    activity across portions of the Midwest early this morning. Warm
    air advection is providing the bulk of the uplift along the
    frontal zone with convection occurring across a strong gradient of
    MUCAPE (500-1000 J/kg) and PWATs of 1.1-1.3 inches (near or above
    the 90th percentile based on surrounding sounding climatologies).
    The low-level jet (per the 850 mb level) has strengthened to 30-40
    kts overnight, and a maxima of 60+ kts is occurring to the
    southwest (over OK/KS) where the dynamical forcing associated with
    the low pressure system is maximized. Closer to our area of
    interest along the (elevated) warm frontal zone, convection has
    already produced upwards of an inch of rainfall locally. While
    storm motions are at a good pace (25-30 kts) towards the ENE, some
    backbuilding and repeating of convection is likely as strong
    frontogenetic forcing and moisture transport continues over the
    same areas with an approaching shortwave trough located upstream
    over the Southern Plains.

    Hi-res CAM guidance is a good agreement regarding the convective
    evolution over the next 6 hours, as the strongest convection is
    likely happening now with forcing currently maximized over the
    aforementioned instability/moisture gradient. Although forcing
    will begin to spread out with convection becoming a bit less
    organized over the next several hours, some backbuilding and
    repeating of convection appears likely with HREF 40 km (25 mile)
    neighborhood probabilities for 2" exceedance (over 3 hr) as high
    as 50%. These totals will approach or exceed flash flood guidance
    locally, though relatively dry antecedent conditions should act to
    limit the coverage of any flash flood impacts. NASA SPoRT-LIS 0-40
    cm soil moisture anomalies generally range from the 20-40th
    percentiles, but locally are as low as the bottom 10th percentile
    (across far western portions of the highlighted area).

    Churchill

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vpM4oW6uSdpl8_z8tvNJbQVRzKKge6VSQAoJZk9jofxEpYQoIQCeL3LV36SQBwKWmonk= 0F8x$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DMX...DVN...EAX...ILX...LSX...OAX...PAH...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41929643 41869556 41479370 40969202 40239031=20
    39638889 38978767 38108807 37328865 37588930=20
    38139026 38719141 39329276 39769410 40309545=20
    40709656 41159710=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 24 12:42:38 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635079363-2133-962
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    AWUS01 KWNH 241242
    FFGMPD
    INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-IAZ000-NEZ000-241840-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1097
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    841 AM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...Southern IA...Northern MO...Central
    IL...Central/Southern IN

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 241240Z - 241840Z

    SUMMARY...Repeating areas of heavy showers and thunderstorms will
    continue through the late-morning and early-afternoon hours as a
    strong area of low pressure approaches the region. The threat for
    some areas of flash flooding will continue.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows and expansive area of
    heavy showers and thunderstorms advancing generally west to east
    across a large area of the Midwest including southern IA, northern
    MO, and extending across central IL and areas of central and
    southern IN. All of this convection is resulting from a moist and
    strong southwest low-level jet (reaching 40 to 50 kts) that is
    seen lifting out ahead of a deepening area of low pressure over
    central KS and is overrunning a strong warm front that extends
    downstream across the middle MS Valley and adjacent areas of the
    lower OH Valley. Meanwhile, there is an increasingly divergent
    flow pattern seen aloft ahead of the supporting upstream mid-level
    trough over the High Plains helping to generate deep layer ascent.

    The low-level jet should remains sufficiently strong enough over
    the next several hours to maintain a corridor of enhanced moisture
    transport while also promoting an axis of sustainable elevated
    instability for at least broken areas of convection. Overall, the
    PWs are not necessarily that high (as high as 1.5 inches), but the
    degree of warm-air advection/isentropic lift coupled with the
    pooling of about 1000 j/kg of MUCAPE should facilitate some
    rainfall rates that may approach 1.5 inches/hour.

    Given the alignment of the convection being generally parallel to
    the deeper layer mean flow, there will continue to be concerns for
    repeating cell activity that will be conducive for generating
    heavy to excessive rainfall totals. So while the rates alone may
    not be necessarily very high, the persistence and repeating nature
    of the convective bands will promote concerns for runoff problems.

    Additional rainfall amounts going through 18Z (1PM CDT) are
    expected to be on the order of 2 to 3 inches, with isolated
    heavier amounts. This should continue to generate a short-term
    threat for areas of flash flooding as a result.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qBO6whAOqzhSSQdGcR3cqAEFyXShCiPKwxO_OBLVeHkYLtbHXu2NIHK9eDKl6Y48tm2D= cg5K$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DMX...DVN...EAX...ILX...IND...LMK...LOT...LSX...
    OAX...

    ATTN...RFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41209376 41059209 40869065 40618918 40358791=20
    40008684 39588584 39068544 38508598 38758752=20
    39048921 39239044 39399189 39819402 40299559=20
    40839578 41199536=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 24 15:15:11 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635088515-2133-1009
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    AWUS01 KWNH 241515
    FFGMPD
    NVZ000-CAZ000-250010-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1098
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1111 AM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...Northern CA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 241510Z - 250010Z

    SUMMARY...Strong atmospheric river conditions continue to blast
    northern CA with heavy rain and locally significant concerns for
    flash flooding and debris flows around the area burn scars.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-17 GeoColor RGB satellite imagery
    shows a very deep area of low pressure offshore of the Pacific
    Northwest driving a strong atmospheric river into northern CA as a
    powerful 130 to 150+ kt upper-level jet roars through the southern
    flank of the associated upper trough.

    A cold front has already begun to edge across the coastal ranges
    of northern CA and there continues to be a 50 to 60+ kt low-level
    jet along and just ahead of this which is facilitating very strong
    moisture transport parameters into the coastal ranges and the
    interior foothills and high terrain of the northern Sierra-Nevada.
    In fact, the IVT values for the core of this atmospheric river
    event are nearing peak and should max out in between 1250 and 1500
    (kg per m/s) based on the 06Z NAM/GFS solutions.

    Already there have been impressive hourly rainfall rates
    associated with the event, with some of the coastal ranges north
    of San Francisco seeing hourly QPEs in the 0.5" to 0.8+" range,
    and the foothills of the northern Sierra-Nevada seeing values of
    as much as 0.4" to 0.6+". This has already led to concerns for
    enhanced runoff around some area burn scars with notable debris
    flow potential around the fresher burn areas from the 2021 fire
    season in particular.

    Going through the remainder of the morning and into the afternoon
    time frame, the strong orthogonal deep layer fetch of Pacific
    moisture relative to the terrain will continue to foster enhanced
    orographic rainfall with the overall axis of heavy rainfall
    gradually settling south with time as the main cold front and a
    secondary boundary advance inland and down to the southeast. Very
    strong warm-air advection and related isentropic ascent coupled
    with the anomalous PW axis (1.25 to 1.5 inches) which will be
    running locally over 3 standard deviations above normal will also
    be generating heavy rainfall across the Sacramento Valley as well.
    Even areas of the Sacramento Valley will be looking at potentially
    seeing hourly rainfall amounts approaching or locally exceeding a
    0.50". However, overall the highest rates will likely still be
    confined to the coastal ranges north of the San Francisco Bay area
    and into the northern Sierra-Nevada (mainly north of Lake Tahoe)
    where some rates may still approach or briefly exceed 0.75"/hour.

    The latest HREF guidance suggests additional storm totals amounts
    for the coastal ranges and the foothills/high terrain of the
    northern Sierra-Nevada reaching 3 to 5+ inches going through 00Z
    (5PM PDT). This rainfall will likely drive locally significant
    concerns for flash flooding and debris flows around the area burn
    scars.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uoIDDHPAx15qnYE0ul6KfuT9XLGyZlNM-YHzOHBYnJ1leRlpaRdf8PI4NVuWAjepV6Uk= um5n$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...HNX...MFR...MTR...REV...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41852098 41532031 40902003 40222013 39322000=20
    38411948 37671894 37421967 38012058 37892142=20
    37052148 36982175 37012221 37902256 38262320=20
    39162382 39762396 40122425 40482441 40882407=20
    41352365 41472314 41432225=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 24 21:46:17 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635111981-2133-1153
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    AWUS01 KWNH 242146
    FFGMPD
    INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-IAZ000-250343-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1099
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    545 PM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...central Missouri, southern Iowa, Illinois, and
    northern Indiana

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 242143Z - 250343Z

    Summary...Areas of flash flooding will increase in likelihood
    through the evening especially in areas that received copious
    rainfall this morning and where training/repeat convection can
    materialize.

    Discussion...Scattered thunderstorms are intensifying along an
    axis that generally extends from near COU to north of PIA. The
    storms have gradually intensified in response to both approaching
    ascent from a mid-level wave centered over southeastern Nebraska
    and instability across a broad warm sector in much of the
    discussion area south of a warm front. The storms within the axis
    were lifting northeastward across the warm front while also
    producing localized areas of 1-1.5 inch/hr rainfall rates. These
    rates were nearing FFG thresholds in a few areas - especially
    where morning rainfall has resulted in wet soils and <1.5 inch/hr
    FFGs. A few spots have exhibited FFG thresholds as low as 0.5
    in/hr in spots. Localized training of storms will allow for a
    flash-flood risk in the short term.

    Over time, the eastward advancement of the mid-level wave in
    Nebraska will allow for more lift to overspread the warm sector
    and potentially allow for expanded coverage of heavier
    precipitation especially from Missouri northeastward. Some of
    this expansion of coverage was already underway in south-central
    Missouri. Additionally, increasing flow in the 1-2 km AGL layer
    (attendant with a 60-65 kt low-level jet) will remain
    perpendicular to the slow-moving warm front and allow for another
    potential focus of convection especially from northern Illinois
    into northeastern Indiana. Through 04Z or so, a few areas could
    experience 2-3 inches of rainfall as multiple rounds of convection
    traverses the area (including storms along the cold front now in
    western Missouri). Localized areas may exceed 4 inches beneath
    training convection - most likely in Illinois. These rainfall
    totals will likely cause areas of flash flooding to occur.

    Farther northwest, an area of convection tied to the mid/upper low
    persists in southwestern Iowa, while a couple of supercells are
    migrating east-northeastward along the cold front in northwestern
    Missouri. These areas of convection area a bit more progressive
    in nature and should result in only a localized/spotty flash flood
    risk.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pia-wnt4oYFwP0qlxm-5drPZY2E3lejsvZpTIZvk2UbugL7ELX7rsgtzK6Qv29Gooa1W= Mgp1$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...DMX...DVN...EAX...ILX...IND...IWX...LOT...LSX...
    SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41919258 41709138 41588973 41578837 41428700=20
    41248672 40858621 40278626 39808682 39478793=20
    38918983 38119167 37639275 38269294 39029269=20
    39699306 40529366 41219398 41739355=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 25 00:14:19 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635120863-2133-1231
    Content-Type: text/plain
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    AWUS01 KWNH 250014
    FFGMPD
    NVZ000-CAZ000-251212-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1100
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    813 PM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...northern and central California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 250012Z - 251212Z

    Summary...An intense atmospheric river event will continue across
    California through the overnight hours, although a very gradual
    weakening of rainfall rates is expected.

    Discussion...An intense atmospheric river event continues across
    portions of northern and central California currently. Consistent
    rainfall rates between 0.5 and 0.8 inch/hr have caused areas of
    debris flows near burn scars in northeastern California and
    localized flooding impacts near/northeast of San Francisco today.=20
    Widespread areas of 3-7 inch rainfall totals have been observed
    today - highest along terrain-favored areas of the Sierra Nevada
    and northern coastal ranges where orographic lift has enhanced
    rainfall. The powerful jet stream responsible for the atmospheric
    river is currently oriented WSW to ENE across the region, exceeds
    100 knots at 500mb based on latest objective analyses, and reports near-record-breaking integrated water vapor transport for this
    time of year.

    Over the next 12 hours or so, models indicate that the atmospheric
    river will shift slowly southward with time. A subtle weakening
    trend is also noted, although very strong flow (exceeding 95 kts
    at mid-levels) will continue to orient perpendicular to important
    terrain features across the region and contribute to heavy rain.=20
    Additional rainfall totals of 3-5 inches are expected and will be
    highest along coastal ranges near the Pacific Coast and also in
    the Sierras below the freezing level. Local amounts greater than 7
    inches cannot be completely ruled out. A number of burn scars
    remain from very large fires over the past couple of years, and
    enhanced runoff in/near these areas will result in debris flows
    and flash flooding. Urban/hydrophobic land areas will also
    experience a heightened flash-flood risk.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rPsLAxd_ZiNOXuWJXHQNF6Xx7379wZqcDeURsoT7ywWAigXUg2krFDxgpP2TbC6-8lYh= a6rA$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...HNX...LOX...MTR...REV...STO...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 40472057 40182003 39861956 39181937 38441894=20
    37821844 37261810 36631831 35881957 35492057=20
    35902142 36842235 37542251 38842367 39212329=20
    39642271 39972210 40402144=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 25 02:03:50 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635127435-2133-1297
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 250203
    FFGMPD
    OHZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-250559-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1101
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1003 PM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...east-central Illinois, central Indiana, western
    Ohio

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 250159Z - 250559Z

    Summary...Recent convective evolution suggests a localized, yet
    heightened flash-flood threat in a narrow axis from near
    Bloomington, IL to near Muncie, IN. Rainfall totals exceeding 3
    inches are possible along this axis.

    Discussion...Upscale growth of convection into an elevated MCS has
    commenced in northern Indiana, with trailing convection
    intersecting with (and potentially augmenting northward movement
    of) a warm front that stretches from near Springfield, IL eastward
    to just north of Indianapolis. This composite frontal/outflow
    boundary has supported training convection along and just to it's
    north, with isolated to scattered redevelopment on its western end
    near Bloomington and eastward development through Lafayette, IN in
    tandem with forward propagation of the MCS north of that area.=20
    Just south of the front/outflow, modest buoyancy and 50-60 kt
    southerly low-level flow continues to maintain convergence and
    convective redevelopment. Some concern exists that this regime
    will persist eastward into Indiana with time, while lingering in
    central Illinois until a synoptic cold front sweeps through the
    region from west to east.

    Meanwhile, earlier precipitation across this region has lowered
    FFG thresholds into the 1-1.5 inch/hr range (locally lower).=20
    recent MRMS rainfall rate estimates are hovering in that general
    range beneath heavier convection. The persistence of this
    rainfall could potentially result in a fairly focused flash-flood
    threat over the next 3-6 hours from near Bloomington/Champaign
    eastward through central Indiana north of Indianapolis.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r-SB_JIt6pYb7pVar5IGM_1aKNboje-CSpufq2tNq3UbdkQqHaiZnNiAACddKvlMRvFM= vFV-$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILN...ILX...IND...IWX...LOT...

    ATTN...RFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41248515 40798393 40148374 39598515 39518826=20
    39608958 40148983 40598888 41038709=20


    ------------=_1635127435-2133-1297
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 25 03:40:23 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635133229-2133-1392
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 250340
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-250700-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1102
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1139 PM EDT Sun Oct 24 2021

    Areas affected...Southeastern Missouri...Southern Illinois

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 250338Z - 250700Z

    Summary...Isolated instances of flash flooding are likely over the
    next several hours with semi-discrete segments of convection
    capable of 1-2"/hr rainfall rates, training/repeating locally.

    Discussion...Vigorous, semi-discrete/linear convective segments
    are ongoing along and ahead of a cold front progressing across
    southern MO/IL. The mesoscale environment is characterized by
    PWATS of 1.5-1.7 inches (above the 90th percentile
    climatologically), MUCAPE of 1000-2000 J/kg, and strong moisture
    transport on the back of an impressive low-level jet (45-55 kts at
    850 mb). Tremendous amounts of deep layer shear (~50 kts) have
    acted to organize convection into complex semi-discrete/linear
    segments with embedded supercells, and rainfall rates associated
    with the strongest cores has reached 1-2"/hr (even exceeding 2"/hr
    locally per dual-pol radar estimates). Since some of this deep
    convection was able to form farther out ahead of the front within
    the warm sector, there is a bit of training/repeating that is
    occurring as the clearing line of storms (i.e. convection nearest
    to the front) catches up with earlier pre-frontal deep convection.
    This is resulting in localized totals approaching 3-4 inches over
    a relatively short period (~3-4 hours) which should easily exceed
    the 3-hr FFG of 2-3 inches. However, the highly progressive nature
    of the storm system (850-300 mb mean wind of 50 kts) will act to
    limit the time frame for flash flood impacts through about 07z as
    convection moves rapidly east and is gradually replaced by a
    drier, post-frontal air mass.

    Churchill

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!s8fSGU6urv4IDP16Nxh38ljBmKvwyWWmKZ27Z04iqllXKRqB9QG6p3nZ13BE6Eam73J_= DKYp$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILX...LSX...MEG...PAH...SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39188921 39078844 38468803 37868833 37398857=20
    36968883 36728899 36478951 36399017 36649145=20
    36959141 37599087 37999046 38898970=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 25 11:55:26 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635162933-2133-1538
    Content-Type: text/plain
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    AWUS01 KWNH 251155
    FFGMPD
    NVZ000-CAZ000-251800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1103
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    754 AM EDT Mon Oct 25 2021

    Areas affected...Portions of Central to Southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 251200Z - 251800Z

    Summary...The ongoing strong atmospheric river event will begin to
    weaken later this morning, but continue to produce heavy rains
    through this morning as the heaviest rains shift southward into
    portions of Central to Southern California.=20

    Discussion...The intense atmospheric river event that has affected
    large portions of Northern and Central California over the past 48
    hours is shifting southward into Central to Southern California
    this morning. While there are indications that there will be
    weakening of this atmospheric river event later this morning,
    heavy rains are likely to continue in the axis of anomalous pw
    values...2 to 3+ standard deviations above the mean...that are
    expected to persist this morning in the strong west southwesterly
    low level onshore flow axis along and ahead of the frontal
    boundary sinking southward into Southern California. HREF
    neighborhood probabilities for .50"+ hourly amounts are forecast
    to remain high over the next 6 hours through the Southern Sierra
    and into the Central to Southern California Coastal Range from Big
    Sur southward to near and north of Ventura with values 60-90%+.=20
    This will pose a threat of flash flooding and debris flow problems
    across recent burn scar areas. This is especially so across the
    Willow and French burn scars where probabilities of debris flow
    are high as per the USGS Post Fire Debris Flow Hazards.

    The simulated radars from the latest hi res guidance is depicting
    the ongoing event well, leading to above average confidence in
    heavy rain threat this morning. There is good agreement with hi
    res model qpfs over the next 6 hours with consensus for widespread
    1-2"+ amounts across the Coastal Ranges and 1.5 to 3"+ amounts
    over the Southern Sierra.=20

    Oravec

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tprQL2VQ2QpNLC8bzroi2wKk3aBZy19NX1o9U7H1FQ_O7m23Td7aCLcMAlsxYPRpt9Et= 0pc4$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...REV...STO...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38951969 38271876 37411800 36591799 36061768=20
    35971785 35501858 36161922 36511969 36492005=20
    35641978 34961877 34231804 34071960 34812139=20
    35762197 36932144 38162072 38862049 38922040=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Oct 25 17:30:02 2021
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    ------------=_1635183059-2133-1724
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    AWUS01 KWNH 251729
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-252100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1104
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    129 PM EDT Mon Oct 25 2021

    Areas affected...southern/central California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 251800Z - 252100Z

    Summary...Localized flooding will remain possible in/near
    hydrologically sensitive areas for the next few hours, though a
    southward shift in precipitation and gradual lowering of rain
    rates should lessen the threat through 21Z.

    Discussion...An impressive atmospheric river event remains ongoing
    along an axis from the central California coast (near Santa Barbara/Oxnard/Santa Maria) northeastward to the southern Sierra
    (northeast of FAT). The precipitation shield was locally enhanced
    near higher-terrain areas, which isn't surprising given the
    orographic lift associated with these features. Rain rates over
    the past hour have generally been in the 0.2-0.4 inch/hr range -
    highest near the terrain. These rates are not particularly high,
    although rainfall over burn scars and locally sensitive areas
    continues to suggest a risk of debris flows and localized flash
    flooding as long as precipitation persists.

    Over time, models suggest that the atmospheric river will
    gradually pickup a southward translation in speed associated with
    a mid-level shortwave amplifying southeastward toward central
    California. This trough axis should reach the central Valley
    through 21Z, and the axis of precipitation should extend from the
    Los Angeles area northward to the southern Sierra. Most high-res
    guidance depicts lower rainfall rates by this time as well -
    suggestive of a gradually lessening threat of flash flooding
    and/or debris flows over time. 1-1.75 inches of additional
    rainfall could occur in or near terrain-favored areas through 21Z.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!veHGzI7Mv4Ig7t2tK4Xo5CTGLyl19tm9Cp-QQz6bTX-q7WciZ3jVXJ-IRZW0gUH2EfrH= 7fnS$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...REV...SGX...STO...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39102014 38281908 37431827 36471771 35071729=20
    34341728 33991773 33851833 33981861 34171912=20
    34472007 34592071 35132082 35472108 36442098=20
    37682094 38772078=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 26 06:53:38 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 260653
    FFGMPD
    CTZ000-NYZ000-NJZ000-PAZ000-DEZ000-261245-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1105
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    252 AM EDT Tue Oct 26 2021

    Areas affected...New Jersey...Far Southern New York...Far Eastern
    Pennsylvania

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 260645Z - 261245Z

    Summary...Isolated instances of flash flooding are possible with
    rainfall rates reaching (and perhaps exceeding) 1-2"/hr through
    morning. Localized accumulations of 3-4+ inches are expected.

    Discussion...A complex, sprawling area of low pressure is in the
    process of organizing across portions of the Northeastern CONUS
    and western North Atlantic basin. At least two disernably seperate
    surface lows exist at this time, one off the North Carolina coast
    (over the Gulf Stream) with a weaker twin closer to the OH/PA
    border. A mess of showers and thunderstorms exists within the area
    of broad low pressure inbetween the two, as well as multiple
    frontal zones. The most significant of these fronts (undergoing
    the most frontogensis) is currently along the Northeastern
    Seaboard from Cape Cod to Long Island to the Jersey Shore. This
    naturally baroclinc region is experiencing the best deep moisture
    convergence with PWATs having surged to 1.3-1.6 inches over the
    past several hours (above the 90th percentile climatologically per
    OKX and WAL sounding history). While instability does appear to be
    a bit of a limiting factor (MU CAPE generally 250-750 J/kg), it is
    mitigated by both thermodynamic forcing (with moderate warm air
    advection at 700 mb and modest moisture transport at 925-850 mb)
    and from dynamical forcing (differential vorticity advection and
    ample divergence aloft).

    The latest hi-res CAM guidance is in fairly good agreement with
    convection becoming more robust over the next several hours as
    frontogensis and uplift (at least in the short-term) peaks across
    the Jersey Shore and into western Long Island. The latest HRRR
    runs have consistently output localized totals of 3+ inches, but
    spatially the QPF maxima have shifted from closer to the Philly
    metro in older runs to closer to NYC and the Jersey Shore in the
    most recent runs (04/05z). The 00z HREF was not quite as bullish
    as the recent HRRR runs, but the PMM bullseye still suggests 3"
    exceedance locally with better neightborhood probabilities for
    exceedance farther south in more rural Southern New Jersey.=20

    Locally as much as 1+" of rain has fallen over the past several
    hours, but most places have seen an inch or less so far across the
    highlighted region. Longer term antecedent conditions are not a
    significant risk either, as NARA SPoRT-LIS soil moisture anomalies
    are mostly below the 30th percentile. The risk for isolated flash
    flooding will be primarily limited to urbanized terrain where 3-hr
    FFG is less than 3 inches.

    Churchill

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oxPQ-O9VN0yRzy3sMwe_pk23vlVedf_5pdMn7d44u089P5Q8zwJIHGHxVqEuhsmNGKfU= nWyE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BGM...OKX...PHI...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41547443 41257374 41057344 40707316 40487324=20
    39957353 39497383 38857442 38827491 39177510=20
    39557530 39847552 40507585 41067542 41467481=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 26 12:41:48 2021
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    ------------=_1635252115-2133-2200
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    AWUS01 KWNH 261241
    FFGMPD
    CTZ000-NYZ000-NJZ000-PAZ000-261845-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1106
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    841 AM EDT Tue Oct 26 2021

    Areas affected...SOUTHEAST NY STATE, NORTHERN NJ, FAR NORTHEAST PA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 261245Z - 261845Z

    Summary...Flash flooding possible this morning across the NYC
    metro area, northern NJ and far northeast PA where slow moving
    areas of heavy rain may set up. Short term rainfall totals of
    1-2"+ possible through this morning.

    Discussion...Tuesday morning surface analysis off the Mid-Atlantic
    coast shows two areas of low pressure, a western center along the
    central NJ coast and another center approximately 250 nm to the
    southeast. Rapid deepening of the farther eastward low is
    expected today as it pushes northward to a position approximately
    100 nm southeast of Cape Cod by this evening. While this is
    occurring, the low closer to the NJ coast is expected to move more
    slowly north northwestward. To the north of this low, strong
    boundary layer convergence is expected in an axis of strengthening
    low level east southeasterly flow. This may allow precip that has
    been moving slowly northeastward to become more east to west
    oriented across Long Island, far southeast NY state into northern
    NJ and far northeast PA. The well organized area of precipitation
    may become nearly stationary across this area as it pivots to the
    north of the slow moving coastal low this morning, resulting in
    areas of training in a general east southeast to west
    northwesterly direction.=20=20=20

    The latest hi res models are depicting the current precipitation
    distribution fairly well, all showing the potential for this
    precipitation area to become more east to west oriented. Short
    term precipitation totals of 1-2"+ possible where this precip area
    becomes more east to west oriented resulting in areas of training
    in a east southesast to west northwesterly direction. This=20
    training may occur across the more urbanized area of the NYC metro
    area from central to western Long Island, far southeast NY state,
    northeast NJ into far northeast PA, which may result in urbanized
    runoff issues.

    Oravec

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!v8Z4AQKg0BocDbwe4J-rCJYGDds8On1Qhchofvn9NL5JE3yEZNEYtRe3mO-_H8XWHVtK= i4r8$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ALY...BGM...OKX...PHI...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41877504 41747419 41187285 40837238 40387216=20
    39867234 40097319 40647374 40847449 40957503=20
    41377547 41797553=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 26 17:16:19 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635268583-2133-2330
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    AWUS01 KWNH 261716
    FFGMPD
    NYZ000-PAZ000-262200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1107
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    115 PM EDT Tue Oct 26 2021

    Areas affected...Central New York...Northeast Pennsylvania

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 261715Z - 262200Z

    SUMMARY...Periods of moderate to heavy rainfall atop areas of
    lower flash flood guidance and increasingly poor drainage areas
    may lead to instances of flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...A surface low in southern New York and its associated
    low level circulation aloft continues to pump copious amounts of
    Atlantic moisture into the interior Northeast. Strong 45-50 knot
    easterly 850mb flow over the Lower Hudson Valley is positioned on
    the northern periphery of the 700-500mb low aloft over eastern
    Pennsylvania. This upper low is forecast to stick around over
    eastern Pennsylvania as the low in the 200-500mb layer becomes
    more vertically stacked with the mid-level low. This means a
    steady diet of Atlantic moisture will continue to be aimed at
    central New York and into northern Pennsylvania throughout the
    afternoon hours. Periods of rainfall pivoting on the northern
    flank of the 500-700mb low should result in several more hours of
    moderate to heavy rainfall rates. This also means persistent
    upslope flow into the Catskills would suggest rainfall rate
    maximums have a good chance to occur along these ranges.

    12Z HREF probabilities show 1-hourly rates greater than 0.50"
    possible in the highlighted area this afternoon with the highest
    probabilities focused in northeast Pennsylvania. Some locations
    1-hr FFG are as low as 0.50", but even the 3-hr FFG values are as
    low as 1". Given recent observations show rainfall rates falling
    at a clip of 0.3-0.5" per hour at times, rainfall totals could
    reach and potentially surpass 3-hr FFG values. In addition, leaves
    falling off trees throughout the area are likely to help in
    causing drainage issues with ongoing bouts of heavy rainfall.
    Given these factors, flash flooding could transpire where a
    combination of prolonged periods of heavy rain and poor drainage
    ensue.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tQ9RvatyDs0F0vAtUp7eoEvfLp_GQLoMQT1t0xsJsdPdovRAofrk2wVM5S7I-ZemVOa7= 1JBu$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BGM...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 42967618 42527538 42717481 41427483 41347568=20
    41837655 42427685 42897661=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 26 20:17:53 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635279532-2133-2448
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    AWUS01 KWNH 262017
    FFGMPD
    MEZ000-MAZ000-NHZ000-RIZ000-CTZ000-270215-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1108
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    416 PM EDT Tue Oct 26 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast New England

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 262015Z - 270215Z

    SUMMARY...Powerful cyclone to deliver heavy rainfall and whipping
    winds to southeastern New England this evening. Excessive rainfall
    rates combined with increasingly poor drainage conditions may lead
    to areas of flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...A negatively tilted upper level trough over the
    Northeast is causing tremendous divergence atop the troposphere
    off the Northeast coast courtesy of positive vorticity advection
    streaming out ahead of the trough. The result has been a rapidly
    strengthening storm system off the Northeast coast that will
    continue to do so into the overnight hours. The intensifying
    cyclone is working in tandem with a strong area of high pressure
    over eastern Canada to tighten the pressure gradient over the
    region, forcing easterly low level winds to accelerate. These
    roaring easterly low level winds (RAP guidance shows 850mb winds
    of 60-75 kts later this evening) are set to deliver a steady
    barrage of rich Atlantic moisture into southern New England.
    Latest RAP guidance indicates anywhere from 1.2-1.4" of
    precipitable water surges into southeast New England tonight,
    values that are roughly 1.5-2 STDs above normal.

    To emphasize how strong the onshore flow is, the 12Z GFS indicates
    that by 00Z this evening, 925mb winds are 3-4 STDs above normal
    and only continue to increase just before midnight. Integrated
    Vapor Transport (IVT) according to the 12Z GFS exceeds 1000 kg/m/s
    overhead while at the same time, a robust 850-700mb front
    approaches from the south and east. The low level frontogenetical
    support along with strong vertical ascent within the atmospheric
    column allows for a swath of precipitation that looks to fall
    heavily at times this evening. 12Z HREF is identifying the
    potential for 3-hourly totals over 1" with heavier totals closer
    to 1.5" within the heaviest bands of rainfall.

    Flash Flood Guidance (FFG) is lowest along the eastern coast of
    Massachusetts with hourly values as low as 1" near the Boston
    metro area. Even 3-hour FFG indicates flash flooding could
    transpire with 1.5" of rainfall in parts of the region. One big
    wild-card is the arrival of strong winds this evening that will
    strip many leaves off trees across much of southeastern New
    England. The addition of leaves littering sides of roads and
    clogging nearby streams and drainage areas would exacerbate the
    flood threat throughout the region later tonight. In summary,
    flash flooding is possible thanks to rainfall totals approaching
    1-3 hour FFG values and an abundance of leaves falling off trees
    causing drainage issues throughout the evening.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pFQVcAG_RLd_WfaAw3FeRXUzoJk3X5Rd-qGUr4dmXjcsJM0sqgAN_QE7qJPldGkrzLGS= 0NrC$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BOX...GYX...

    ATTN...RFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 43347054 43137022 42677008 41916983 41476980=20
    41196996 41237099 41597164 42317193 42957158=20
    43297112=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Oct 26 21:43:51 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635284638-2133-2501
    Content-Type: text/plain
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    AWUS01 KWNH 262143
    FFGMPD
    CTZ000-NYZ000-NJZ000-270200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1109
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    543 PM EDT Tue Oct 26 2021

    Areas affected...NYC Metro Area...Lower Hudson Valley

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 262140Z - 270200Z

    SUMMARY...Narrow band of moderate-to-heavy rainfall over Long
    Island is heading west towards the NYC metro area and northern New
    Jersey. Given overly saturated soil conditions from antecedent
    rainfall last night and into this morning, urbanized flash
    flooding is possible.

    DISCUSSION...A nearby inverted trough caught between the decaying
    parent low in northwest New Jersey and the intensifying low off
    the Northeast coast is pivoting south and west this afternoon. As
    the baroclinic environment wains over the area, the band of
    precipitation working its way towards the NYC metro area should
    let up to an extent, but rainfall rates will still be heavy enough
    to prompt cause flash flooding concerns. In fact, PWs remain just
    over 1" so some modest moisture content remains in place. Recent
    hourly observations indicate a handful of locations reported
    totals over 0.50" per hour.

    1-hour flash flood guidance in and around NYC is roughly
    0.50-1.00" but 3 hour guidance is also as low as 1.00". Latest
    HRRR does show some parts of the NYC metro could receive up to an
    inch or more through 02Z. Parts of Northern New Jersey and Nassau
    County, NY are also susceptible to flooding due to the recent
    heavy rainfall over the last 24 hours. The more heavily urbanized
    locations are most at risk for potential flash flooding. Given the
    low FFG in the area and moderate to occasionally heavy rainfall
    rates, it is possible for urbanized flash flooding to transpire
    during the evening rush hour.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uWLsRgMOFenRAvMIdbhs5q5-QAgIbWrwL0sppbG4djr5kfpkgE-UXPupmLOffLnbhZSJ= MDMS$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OKX...PHI...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41247409 41167369 40807343 40467350 40297382=20
    40307427 40637446 40967432=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 28 00:43:16 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635381803-2133-3187
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 280043
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-LAZ000-280500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1110
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    842 PM EDT Wed Oct 27 2021

    Areas affected...Central Gulf Coast

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 280040Z - 280500Z

    SUMMARY...Very heavy rainfall rates from locally repeating
    supercell thunderstorms may facilitate urban flash flooding
    concerns over the next few hours across portions of the central
    Gulf Coast.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows an axis of very heavy
    showers and thunderstorms traversing the central Gulf Coast region
    currently with the activity crossing southeast LA, and now moving
    through southern MS. The activity includes a number of supercell
    thunderstorms which have been at least episodically been seen
    repeating over the same area. Rainfall rates have been reaching
    upwards of 3 to 4+ inches/hour with the more organized and
    persistent supercell activity based on MRMS data.

    The convection is being strongly facilitated by highly confluent
    low-level flow in off the northern Gulf of Mexico with a
    moderately unstable airmass pooling in ahead an upstream cold
    front and supporting upper-level trough. There is a low-level jet
    of 30 to 40 kts in place with MLCAPE values of as much as 1500
    j/kg. The warm sector airmass is also very moist with PWs upwards
    of 2.25+ inches. A combination of this instability and low-level
    jet driven moisture transport, along with highly divergent flow
    aloft ahead of the trough yielding deep layer ascent, is favoring
    these extreme rainfall rates and the overall pattern of convective
    sustenance.

    The latest HRRR guidance shows pockets of additional rainfall
    totals reaching 3 to 4 inches through 03Z, which may tend to be a
    tad underdone given the latest radar trends (MRMS rainfall rates)
    and recent GOES-16 IR satellite imagery showing additional
    overshooting top activity. The latter of which tends to suggest a
    fair degree of convective organization and short-term
    sustainability.

    Given such high rainfall rate potential being driven by the
    available moisture and instability pooling ahead of the front,
    additional areas of flash flooding may be possible with an
    emphasis on the urbanized areas of the central Gulf Coast region
    going through the remainder of the late evening hours and at least
    a portion of the overnight period.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vOF51X7scHKTB--JPFnVKzQGJCD_x42uCSa1hsEiTKfnZFqCwVwqs_s1NGSeSAii-1ML= 3Dgd$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAN...LIX...MOB...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 31468810 31318705 30868647 30408694 30388788=20
    30248865 29708942 29838967 30148979 30678963=20
    31328910=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 28 07:29:50 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635406193-2133-3317
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    AWUS01 KWNH 280729
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-281325-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1111
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    328 AM EDT Thu Oct 28 2021

    Areas affected...FL Panhandle

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 280725Z - 281325Z

    SUMMARY...Very heavy rainfall rates from locally repeating showers
    and thunderstorms over the FL Panhandle will foster some localized
    flash flooding concerns going through the early morning hours.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows a broken axis of very
    heavy showers and thunderstorms traversing the FL Panhandle with
    some spotty/localized areas of repeating cell activity. There has
    been some cooling of the convective cloud tops over the last hour
    as the convection continues to be facilitated by rather confluent,
    moist, and unstable low-level flow coming in off the northeast
    Gulf of Mexico ahead of an upstream cold front and supporting
    upper-level trough crossing the Gulf Coast states.

    There is a low-level jet of 30 to 40+ kts in place that is
    facilitating the moisture and instability transport, and the
    latest RAP analysis in conjunction with the NESDIS Blended TPW
    data shows the pooling of PWs of 2.25+ inches in across the FL
    Panhandle. The high PWs and moderately strong moisture transport
    associated with the low-level jet is combining with at least
    modest instability (MLCAPE values locally near 1000 j/kg) to still
    favor some very high rainfall rates which are occasionally and
    locally getting up into the 2 to 3 inch/hour range based on the
    latest MRMS data and surface observations.

    Recent runs of the HRRR along with the 00Z HREF guidance do show
    pockets of additional rainfall reaching 3 to 5 inches going
    through 12Z over the FL Panhandle, and there may potentially be
    some concern toward areas of the FL Big Bend after dawn as the
    HRRR guidance suggests some potential for stronger convection to
    move inland from off the northeast Gulf of Mexico.

    A few instances of flash flooding cannot be ruled out from the
    additional rainfall early this morning.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sBgXsY0epJ8-qesZCMV3TXcKpBA-UfPouY3VG4uonWD2nqywNs50gRUWg_PpP5cLh30X= 01JX$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30788501 30638415 30348331 29938282 29578329=20
    30028411 29698502 30078549 30358617 30718593=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


    ------------=_1635406193-2133-3317
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 28 07:44:18 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635407064-2133-3319
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    AWUS01 KWNH 280744
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-281800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1112
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    341 AM EDT Thu Oct 28 2021

    Areas affected...Olympic Peninsula into the Northern WA Cacades

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 280740Z - 281800Z

    SUMMARY...Heavy rains associated with a narrow but robust
    atmospheric river will be arriving Thursday morning across the
    Pacific Northwest with a focus on the Olympic Peninsula and the
    northern WA Cascades.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-17 satellite imagery in conjunction
    with CIRA-ALPW data shows an atmospheric river quickly approaching
    the Pacific Northwest with a notable aim toward the Olympic
    Peninsula and the northern WA Cascades. An earlier ASCAT pass
    showed a wave of low pressure already offshore along a
    well-defined frontal zone, and the latest RAP analysis is showing
    the nose of a 40 to 50 kt southwest low-level jet out ahead of it.

    This low pressure center will advance toward Vancouver Island in
    the 12Z to 15Z time frame this morning with the trailing cold
    front gradually settling southeast and likely reaching the Olympic
    Peninsula toward 18Z. Strong warm air advection and enhanced deep
    layer Pacific moisture transport ahead of the low center will
    drive heavy rainfall across western and northern WA, with rainfall
    rates across the Olympics and the northern WA Cascades likely
    reaching as high as 0.50" to 0.75" per hour in the 12Z to 18Z time
    frame. This should coincide with strongest low to mid-level
    southwest flow with 850/700 mb moisture flux anomalies forecast to
    peak over 3 standard deviations above normal.

    The 00Z HREF guidance suggests rainfall totals going through 18Z
    of as much as 3 to 5 inches over the Olympics and 2 to 4 inches
    over the northern WA Cascades with the favored windward slopes
    seeing isolated heavier totals. There will be some runoff concerns
    in time with these heavier rainfall totals, and it should be noted
    too that there are several burn scars from the 2021 fire season
    (especially in the northern WA Cacades) that will be particular
    sensitive to these heavy hourly rainfall rates which may foster
    some mudslides and debris flows.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qe0hj6pVVqdBfOAeSeKd7Ap8Z7uyxvInuHZeXauuA2-fLmAk6_u1AUTj599lIC_htmgs= P6Ie$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49072130 48832003 47922033 47422213 46872332=20
    46942431 47682454 48282467 48202372 48352302=20
    48902269=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 28 12:25:21 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635423928-2133-3375
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    AWUS01 KWNH 281225
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-281623-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1113
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    824 AM EDT Thu Oct 28 2021

    Areas affected...North Florida

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 281223Z - 281623Z

    SUMMARY...A line of organized convection expected ahead of the
    eastward advancing cold front over the eastern Gulf of Mexico. A
    period of training of cells in a southwest to northeasterly
    direction possible across portions of north Florida this morning
    producing isolated flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...Latest radar loop imagery continues to show a fairly
    organized area of convection advancing eastward ahead of a cold
    front moving across the northeastern Gulf. There have been areas
    of training of cells ahead of this front in a southwest to
    northeasterly direction earlier this morning upstream across
    portions of the Florida Panhandle, with this trend expected to
    continue into the morning hours farther to the east over portions
    of North Florida. Very favorable conditions for convection will
    persist this morning ahead of this front with pw values 2.5+
    standard deviations above the mean, strong boundary layer
    convergence ahead of the cold front and well defined upper
    difluence across North Florida on the southeast side of the strong
    upper low over the Lower to Mid Mississippi Valley. The hi res
    guidance from last night is depicting this area of convection
    ahead of the cold front fairly well, all showing it remaining in
    tact at least through this morning as it pushes east southeastward
    across north Florida.=20

    In areas of training, isolated hourly rainfall amounts of 1.5 to
    2.0"+ are possible, with totals 3-5"+ where more than one band of
    precip moves across. HREF neighborhood probabilities for hourly
    rates of 1"+ are fairly high in the outlooks area, 40-60%+ though
    this morning. Probabilities for hourly rates in excess of 2" area
    much lower, at most in the 10-25% range across these areas this
    morning.=20

    Oravec

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ovwgEiFtOKzr03F8ESceXCjZ-XetrFDiKhp66Vpk8-WeLG5RpjFG7qIWRLqrwWIKq5nI= RHGl$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAX...MLB...TAE...TBW...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 30898301 30868213 30488154 29918128 29228170=20
    27668320 27198423 27298464 28688453 30498365=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Oct 28 17:57:26 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635443851-2133-3483
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 281757
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-290600-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1114
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    156 PM EDT Thu Oct 28 2021

    Areas affected...western Washington State

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 281753Z - 290600Z

    Summary...A continued influx of moisture associated with an
    atmospheric river event will maintain areas of moderate to heavy
    rainfall especially along windward slopes across the discussion
    area.

    Discussion...Areas of moderate to heavy rain continue across
    northwestern Washington state. Radar/MRMS rain estimates suggest
    that 0.2-0.5 inch/hr rain rates are common and highest along
    terrain-favored areas of the Olympics and northern Washington
    Cascades where 40-50 kt 850 was oriented perpendicular to those
    terrain features and enhancing lift via orographic processes.=20

    The 12Z suite of model guidance (particularly the high-res Nam,
    HREF, and HRRR) depict ongoing precipitation maxima fairly well
    across the discussion area. Over time, models shift the axis of
    heaviest precipitation southward in tandem with a southward-moving
    cold front and southward shift in greatest water vapor transport
    associated with low to mid-level speed maxima. Areas of the
    Olympics and northern Cascades are expected to continue to receive
    0.5+ in/hr rain rates, though a gradual southward shift is
    expected to include areas from OLM to higher terrain northeast of
    SEA beginning around/after 00Z. Terrain-favored/urbanized areas
    and burn scars left over from summery 2021 fire activity are the
    most susceptible to enhanced runoff and/or debris flows.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vf4BkcTH55uhMQ-g0i5ZMVKsUoM0nnv_oar11D2nSdqSBJdaHzvwSZyPWuW61djysoto= zxtw$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49072181 48942050 48402033 47602039 46952092=20
    46242196 46132298 46272402 46512441 48252496=20
    48382418 48632335 48902300=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 29 15:29:57 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635521401-2133-3951
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 291529
    FFGMPD
    PAZ000-DEZ000-MDZ000-VAZ000-DCZ000-WVZ000-292100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1115
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1129 AM EDT Fri Oct 29 2021

    Areas affected...northern Virginia, much of Maryland, District of
    Columbia, and southern Pennsylvania

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 291525Z - 292100Z

    Summary...The overall flash-flood risk should increase through the
    afternoon as deepening convection traverses sensitive and/or
    hydrophobic land surfaces.

    Discussion...Recent radar/satellite mosaic imagery indicates a
    broad warm conveyor extending from southeastern Virginia
    north-northwestward across the central Appalachians into
    southwestern Pennsylvania. Isentropic and orographic lift was
    resulting in broad areas of light to moderate rainfall, with the
    highest rates located near Charlottesville (0.2-0.5 in/hr) and
    southwest of Richmond (nearing 1 in/hr). An axis of weak
    instability was collocated within the southern extent of the warm
    conveyor, which was likely helping to enhance rain rates
    near/southwest of Richmond. Meanwhile, light rainfall elsewhere
    across the discussion area was resulting in wet soils.

    Observations/model guidance all points to a gradual
    intensification of convection in central Virginia in concert with
    increasing instability in upstream areas near the Chesapeake Bay
    and adjacent Atlantic waters. Rates should locally exceed 1 in/hr
    at times - especially as a rather focused band of convection
    organizes and grows upscale while shifting northward toward
    northern VA and the DC Metropolitan areas. Meanwhile, FFGs were
    lowest in/near DC/Baltimore southwestward toward the Blue Ridge
    Mountains near Charlottesville (less than 1.5 in/hr). As the
    bands of heavier precipitation evolve across hydrologically
    sensitive areas, the flash flood risk will gradually increase.=20
    1-2 inches of rainfall are expected across the discussion area
    between 16-21Z, and the DC/Baltimore area should experience its
    greatest flash flood risk in the 18-21Z timeframe.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!q3B8_9J2o_fMBBAPaE57xqFwWNDF0HIJn0LBrHYJW7hFcQNFXcQEPfnU1ZYJYB3JXUGb= 7D3C$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...AKQ...CTP...LWX...PHI...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 40147844 40077752 39907643 39367589 38407550=20
    37977533 37377549 37117654 37917779 38527862=20
    39247890 39807878=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Oct 29 21:09:05 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635541749-2133-4096
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 292109
    FFGMPD
    NJZ000-PAZ000-DEZ000-MDZ000-VAZ000-300107-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1116
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    508 PM EDT Fri Oct 29 2021

    Areas affected...eastern Maryland, Delaware, southeastern
    Pennsylvania, and portions of New Jersey

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 292107Z - 300107Z

    Summary...Isolated, spotty flash flood risk will continue
    northeastward into eastern PA and NJ over the next 3-6 hours.

    Discussion...Rain rates with convective bands currently along axes
    from near BWI to NHK and from near ILG to SBY have exhibited
    modest increases over the past few hours and are now approaching 1
    inch/hr. Weak surface-based buoyancy continues to be a limiting
    factor for more robust rainfall with the bulk of instability
    residing over open Atlantic waters just southeast of the region.=20
    Still, continued lift/isentropic ascent associated with a warm
    conveyor on the eastern extent of a large mid/upper low centered
    over eastern Tennessee (and a weaker, yet distinct shortwave
    trough over Ohio) continues to support the convection as it
    translates northeastward across the Mid-Atlantic. Rain rates may
    appraoch an inch per hour occasionally as the bands shift toward
    the Philadelphia Metro area and portions of New Jersey.

    The greatest concern with this activity is that a spotty flash
    flood risk may still develop beneath the bands wherever locally
    heavy rainfall can occur over hydrophobic/urbanized surfaces
    (where FFGs are relatively low). This has the greatest chance of
    occurring in/near the Philadelphia Metro area over the next 2-4
    hours (23-01Z), where FFGs are genearlly around 1-1.5 inch/hour.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ti8QH3BVJex2OCxkVK0fHUbFjGbW6aJ79_gAspqAKoIGIr9PWd7N1U7zsq9bpQ0XLzUx= n-y4$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...AKQ...CTP...LWX...PHI...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 40307542 40257491 40147460 39737441 39317442=20
    39017461 38717470 38107494 37977550 38067613=20
    38817643 39717688 39977665 40237600=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 31 02:58:00 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635649083-2133-4439
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 310257
    FFGMPD
    MEZ000-MAZ000-NHZ000-310855-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1117
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1057 PM EDT Sat Oct 30 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast New Hampshire...Southern Maine

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 310255Z - 310855Z

    SUMMARY...Areas of heavy rain arriving overnight may result in
    some runoff problems with an isolated concern for flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows areas of heavy rain
    overspreading coastal areas of southeast NH and southern ME as an
    upper-level trough gradually pivots northeast across the northern
    Mid-Atlantic and approaches New England. Warm air advection and
    associated isentropic lift/forcing will be increasing across the
    region overnight as moist southeast flow increases in off the
    Atlantic Ocean, and this will allow for greater coverage of
    rainfall with an increase in rainfall rates with time.

    This will largely be driven by a low-level jet that is forecast to
    reach upwards of 40 to 50+ kts ahead of a well-defined shortwave
    trough lifting north around the eastern flank of the upper-level
    trough along with a wave of low pressure. Left-exit region
    upper-level jet dynamics/forcing coupled with strong moisture
    transport and a nose of at least modest instability will drive
    rainfall rates that should approach or locally exceed 1 inch/hour,
    and this is supported by the 18Z HREF suite of guidance and recent
    HRRR runs. In fact, the latest radar imagery does show an axis of
    heavier convective rainfall offshore that is lifting northwest and
    will be moving onshore in a couple of hours.

    Expect as much as 2 to 3 inches of rain with locally heavier
    amounts going through 09Z (5AM EDT) with generally the heaviest
    rains across far southern ME. Given the increase in hourly
    rainfall rates, there will be a gradual increase in the potential
    for some runoff problems with at least an isolated threat of some
    flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vBkgF0PQIApzxfJvgLeEGKYzgE6TU8J_tyVrpyi3T674bu97HCpzA87WelweYlsws0Pt= PLD_$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BOX...CAR...GYX...

    ATTN...RFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44926872 44556800 44226851 43537018 42777095=20
    42877130 43337124 43727113 44267064 44646988=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 31 03:08:29 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635649714-2133-4442
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 310308
    FFGMPD
    MEZ000-MAZ000-NHZ000-310855-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1117...Corrected
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1107 PM EDT Sat Oct 30 2021

    Corrected for UPDATED GRAPHIC

    Areas affected...Southeast New Hampshire...Southern Maine

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 310255Z - 310855Z

    SUMMARY...Areas of heavy rain arriving overnight may result in
    some runoff problems with an isolated concern for flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...The latest radar imagery shows areas of heavy rain
    overspreading coastal areas of southeast NH and southern ME as an
    upper-level trough gradually pivots northeast across the northern
    Mid-Atlantic and approaches New England. Warm air advection and
    associated isentropic lift/forcing will be increasing across the
    region overnight as moist southeast flow increases in off the
    Atlantic Ocean, and this will allow for greater coverage of
    rainfall with an increase in rainfall rates with time.

    This will largely be driven by a low-level jet that is forecast to
    reach upwards of 40 to 50+ kts ahead of a well-defined shortwave
    trough lifting north around the eastern flank of the upper-level
    trough along with a wave of low pressure. Left-exit region
    upper-level jet dynamics/forcing coupled with strong moisture
    transport and a nose of at least modest instability will drive
    rainfall rates that should approach or locally exceed 1 inch/hour,
    and this is supported by the 18Z HREF suite of guidance and recent
    HRRR runs. In fact, the latest radar imagery does show an axis of
    heavier convective rainfall offshore that is lifting northwest and
    will be moving onshore in a couple of hours.

    Expect as much as 2 to 3 inches of rain with locally heavier
    amounts going through 09Z (5AM EDT) with generally the heaviest
    rains across far southern ME. Given the increase in hourly
    rainfall rates, there will be a gradual increase in the potential
    for some runoff problems with at least an isolated threat of some
    flash flooding.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tMhWrFXT3rIp_HL_cnXp8WlvIA5QaWLeUtc2Jb2acLmFwMVmvIEjTB74A5QcFZNQBhSH= W6pq$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BOX...CAR...GYX...

    ATTN...RFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44926872 44556800 44226851 43537018 42777095=20
    42877130 43337124 43727113 44267064 44646988=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Oct 31 08:21:07 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1635668470-2133-4469
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    AWUS01 KWNH 310820
    FFGMPD
    MEZ000-MAZ000-NHZ000-311300-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1118
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    420 AM EDT Sun Oct 31 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast New Hampshire...Southern/Eastern Maine

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 310820Z - 311300Z

    SUMMARY...The threat for some additional runoff problems and
    localized flash flooding will continue early this morning as an
    area of low pressure lifting up across northern New England brings
    heavy rain to the region.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-16 IR satellite imagery shows an
    impressive depiction of deepening low pressure advancing north
    just offshore of eastern MA with a broad shield of cooling cloud
    tops seen fanning out ahead of the low track across central and
    northern New England. Bands of heavy rain have been impacting much
    of southeast NH and southern ME throughout the night in
    association with very strong warm air advection and moist
    southeast flow coming in off the Atlantic Ocean courtesy of a 40
    to 50+ kt low-level jet.

    A rather well-defined coastal trough has been noted ahead of the
    low track, and this has helped facilitate an axis of enhanced
    frontogenetical forcing in the lower levels of the column from
    southeast NH through southwest to south-central ME which has
    yielded some enhanced rainfall efficiency considering the strength
    of the Atlantic moisture transport. Several areas along a line
    from near Portsmouth, NH to Portland, ME have received 3 to 4
    inches of rain overnight from persistent heavy rainfall rates that
    have occasionally approached 1 inch/hour.

    Over the next few hours, strong surface low pressure will be
    advancing well inland across northern New England, with a low
    track up along the NH/ME border before moving into southern Quebec
    by mid to late morning. The eastern side of the low track will be
    characterized by strong southeast Atlantic flow advancing inland
    across south-central to eastern ME with the aforementioned
    low-level jet still yielding enhanced moisture transport and
    robust warm air advection for heavy rainfall. There will be a nose
    of modest elevated instability with MUCAPE values locally up over
    500 j/kg that will drive some stronger embedded convective
    elements and even heavier rainfall rates that may locally exceed 1
    inch/hour.

    By mid to late morning, a mid-level dry slot will be wrapping up
    across much of northern New England and a frontal occlusion should
    cross the region which will allow the heavy rainfall threat to
    diminish and gradually come to an end. Expect an additional 2 to 3
    inches of rain locally through the morning hours with the heaviest
    amounts across south-central to eastern ME. Some additional runoff
    problems may occur including a localized flash flooding concern.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!p01BRdTLhCPoyfnasEOlac8R9SUqo2Ixzb_pMZogbWa3qT6OPKrbLgvnPRQrJA7qQ1Bz= xw-Z$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BOX...CAR...GYX...

    ATTN...RFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 45196878 45086777 44636739 44356773 44226851=20
    43537018 42777095 42877130 43337124 43727113=20
    44077096 44757015=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 4 03:58:21 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 040358
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-040756-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1119
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1157 PM EDT Wed Nov 03 2021

    Areas affected...Deep South Texas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 040356Z - 040756Z

    Summary...Interactions between an evolving mesoscale convective
    complex and a front across the discussion area will result in a
    localized flash-flood threat through at least 08Z.

    Discussion...Very slow-moving convection continues to develop and
    grow upscale along the Rio Grande Valley just southeast of Zapata.
    Additionally, elevated supercells have moved only slowly
    southeastward near Hebronsville at around 5-10 knots. These cells
    reside in a very moist environment (characterized by 1.5 inch PW
    values) within weak steering flow aloft (10-15 knots in the H7-H5
    layer). Instability was marginal, yet sufficient to maintain the
    ongoing convection. Weak mid-level troughing across central Texas
    was also likely sustaining the deep updrafts. MRMS estimates of
    2-3 inch/hr rainfall rates were occurring in heaviest and
    slowest-moving convection. Meanwhile, localized and moderate
    FLASH responses were noted over the past hour beneath the heaviest
    convection.

    FFG thresholds remain relatively high (in the 3-5 inch/hr range)
    across much of the discussion area. This suggests that any flash
    flood threat should remain focused near hydrologically sensitive
    areas through 08Z. Models (particularly high-resolution guidance)
    suggest a slow propagation of convection toward the coast through
    08Z, with a lowered flash-flood risk thereafter as convection
    reaches Gulf of Mexico Waters.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!reqJ0_KSywP0JS9vjyLnmrivJihkI1leGxEKfDU9-KGR_ctmIV_IZ1BSFGDOTgfTiAQW= NeB0$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BRO...CRP...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 27729865 27649782 27249703 26529691 25889725=20
    25829822 26299933 26959962 27289936=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 5 08:46:26 2021
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    ------------=_1636101992-129950-594
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    AWUS01 KWNH 050846
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-051444-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1120
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    445 AM EDT Fri Nov 05 2021

    Areas affected...portions of south Florida

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 050844Z - 051444Z

    Summary...Scattered, slow-moving convection will persist across
    south Florida through much of the morning, with localized
    instances of flash flooding possible in sensitive areas.

    Discussion...A broad shield of precipitation has gradually shifted
    eastward across much of the Gulf of Mexico ahead of a pronounced
    mid-level wave centered just southeast of Louisiana. On the
    southern periphery of this precipitation shield, stronger/deeper
    updrafts have been able to persist due to stronger, surface-based
    instability. PW values around 2 inches and slow northeasterly
    storm motions have allowed for localized areas of 2-2.5 inch/hr
    rain rates beneath heaviest convection. Persistent lift
    downstream of the approaching wave, a weak low-level boundary
    oriented perpendicular to southerly low-level flow from near
    Naples to Lake Okeechobee, and presence of deep convection
    upstream as far as 200 miles upstream (near western Cuba) all
    point to this general regime of slow-moving convection persisting
    through at least 14Z.

    FFGs are generally (and typically) high across the region -
    ranging from 3-4 inches/hr in most areas. These values will
    occasionally be exceeded beneath heavier downpours through the
    morning, with the greatest chance of flash-flooding occurring near
    urbanized and/or hydrophobic surfaces and other sensitive areas.=20
    Though isolated, this risk will likely persist through
    mid-afternoon in tandem with teh slow-moving and repeating
    convection.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pacK1JWlZFbCS-ec9GwWcoKY8QT2rJop-kY7nwmjy0KpNhiWyAWzu_NEJcvxie2Pypk4= SKu6$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...KEY...MFL...TBW...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 26938072 26848016 26367980 25757979 25148022=20
    24808092 24708156 25468219 26578263 26808198=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 5 15:28:59 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051528
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-052057-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1121
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1128 AM EDT Fri Nov 05 2021

    Areas affected...Far South Florida...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051527Z - 052057Z

    SUMMARY...Potential for additionally strong/highly efficient
    rainfall capable of isolated rapid inundation flooding
    particularly with threat of training through the late morning into
    early afternoon.

    DISCUSSION...GOES-Visible imagery shows developing surface wave
    near 26.3N 85.3W withing clearing east of south Florida. 15z
    surface analysis denotes warm front angling southeast along the
    coastal shelf and crossing the far southern portions of peninsular
    Monroe into Miami-Dade county. Strong 15-20kt southerly flow
    coupled with solid deep WAA SW to SSW flow from the boundary layer
    to 7H is trying to press the boundary northward and producing
    solid moisture convergence along it. The warming low level
    profile is reducing some of the lapse rate and effective
    instability but steepening further aloft (7H and up) to increase
    CAPE through the late morning into the afternoon.=20=20

    Current cells are weakening along the coast and are shifting off
    the SE coast of Broward/Miami-Dade county, reducing the risk in
    the very near term. However, as the frontal boundary lifts with
    the approach of the shortwave/surface low, some continued filtered
    solar insolation across the Everglades as the front lifts north,
    there is a potential for reactivation of deeper thunderstorms.=20=20
    Strength of moisture flux and anomalous TPWs (90-95th percentile)
    of over 2", particularly in the lowest layers of the atmosphere
    will result in continued highly efficient rainfall rates. Mean
    steering flow has the potential for some short-term
    training/increased residency time for an additional 2-4" totals=20
    which is a concern particularly along/just south of Alligator
    Alley (I-75) and metro portions of Miami-Dade that have already
    seen 2-4" this morning. Consequently, isolated and localized rapid
    inundation continues to remain possible.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oVgDlgDbIuLHnJaHKLPe6apf_X9qgZGFf3gbAnnUpkSBR5bp-6aBoylnIJMHlnTA5K9L= _h60$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MFL...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 26508034 26428001 26258001 25438030 25158078=20
    25168115 25588135 25988174 26368089=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 5 19:54:04 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 051954
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-060130-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1122
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    353 PM EDT Fri Nov 05 2021

    Areas affected...Central Florida....

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 051955Z - 060130Z

    SUMMARY...Slow moving/pivoting showers and thunderstorms that may
    have 2-3"/hr rates pose localized rapid inundation flooding
    concerns through late evening.

    DISCUSSION...GOES-Vis and 19z surface observations denote main
    surface cyclone is deepening well off shore but a triple-point
    enhanced by shearing mid-level shortwave energy lifting northeast
    toward Cedar Key (per WV suite), is producing a focused moisture
    convergence intersection very near Tampa Bay. While the warm
    front is starting to lift northward across the southern peninsula
    denoted by increasing SE flow and Tds into the mid-70s, a
    reflection of the deeper 85H front/deformation zone bisects
    generally along I-4. This boundary is key to best deep layer ascent/convergence, yet very low surface dewpoint depressions
    within a strong WAA regime aloft has limited steepening lapse
    rates for strong instability to develop. As a result instability
    is limited to the coast and far southern Florida at this time.=20
    However, warmer coastal waters along the Gulf stream, as well as
    near the triple point will be foci for continued deeper convective
    development resulting in efficient/heavy rain rates 2-3") capable
    of leading to rapid inundation flooding.

    Eastern FL Coast...
    As the shortwave shifts northeastward, enhanced DPVA will support
    UVV and pressure falls effectively jumping the triple-point to the
    East Coast. It is within this time frame, strengthening sfc to
    boundary layer flow will strengthen convergence of increasingly
    unstable air off the Gulf Stream and support stronger/deeper
    thunderstorms that may pivot/anchor in the vicinity of Flagler to
    N Voulsia county between 21-00z. Currently instability is limited
    to 500 J/kg MUCAPE, HRRR and RAP solutions suggest increasing to
    1000 J/kg to support hourly totals of 1-1.5" but this remains=20
    uncertain and highly contingent on strength of aforementioned
    response to mid-level forcing and the shifting effective
    triple-point to the east coast. Depending on the strength of the
    developing pivot at the coast, duration of thunderstorms should be
    about 2-3hrs along/near coast before shifting off-shore after 00z.
    As a result localized totals (mainly closer to the coast) of 2-4"
    are possible. In combination with strong onshore flow limiting
    river discharge/increased coastal surge...localized fresh water
    flooding becomes possible through this evening along the Central
    East Coast.=20

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rqHI6QqCavW3Ig1DoVSlz2xxih-j9rnyyI8PWVHPDNAL7jZkwvlshvMqAVIhRqeWP-eJ= NqHN$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAX...MLB...TBW...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 29868125 29448089 28668062 28148153 26798214=20
    27318276 28418273 29208203=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Nov 10 23:10:32 2021
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    ------------=_1636585837-129950-2357
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    AWUS01 KWNH 102310
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-111109-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1123
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    609 PM EST Wed Nov 10 2021

    Areas affected...portions of west-central & northwest OR

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 102309Z - 111109Z

    Summary...A moisture plume with increasing amounts of instability
    and onshore flow will move into the region over the next few
    hours. Hourly rain totals averaging near 0.5", but possibly
    reaching 1", and local amounts of 3-4" are expected through 1100
    UTC/3 am PST.

    Discussion...A plume of moisture ahead of two deep layer cyclones
    near 49N 139W and 43.5N 156W is being directed towards the OR
    coast at this time. GPS data indicated precipitable water values
    are up to 1-1.2" across far northwest CA and southwest OR, which
    should be somewhat less what comes into west-central and northwest
    OR overnight (1.25"+) as a warm front invades the region. GFS
    guidance indicates that IVT values within the plume are in the
    500-700 kg/(m*s) range. Recent SPC mesoanalyses show 100+ J/kg of
    MU CAPE offshore OR at this time and the lightning detection
    network has indicated some strikes not too far offshore.

    RAP guidance indicates that low-level moisture convergence reaches
    west-central OR around 02z as a warm front moves ashore, which is
    just when the hourly probability of 0.5"+ of rain an hour ramps up
    in the 18z HREF guidance. High probabilities of 3" are indicated
    through 12z; the mesoscale guidance has a good signal for 3-4"
    through 11z. Generally, hourly amounts close to 0.5" are
    expected. However, with the RAP guidance indicating MU CAPE
    increasing close to 500 J/kg mid to late in the period, 1-1.25" an
    hour totals cannot be ruled out. As the HREF probabilities for
    such are so low, will use a 1" an hour as an upper threshold.=20
    While parts of the area have seen 100-150% of their two week
    average rainfall, these rates/totals would be most problematic in
    any area burn scars unless any short convective lines materialize
    over any urban areas within the scalloped region.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oJOqwpYIJuzadWKkk1coTSbsspn4UTdzGOfgplvohX73cSUTVJEDR9oT-TFsKSCOdYKA= Tdmq$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...PQR...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 45772279 45562207 44532192 43912232 44002407=20
    45152402 45692396=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 11 14:42:41 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 111442
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-112200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1124
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    940 AM EST Thu Nov 11 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest Oregon into Western Washington

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 111440Z - 112200Z

    SUMMARY...Heavy rains continue to overspread the coastal ranges of
    northwest Oregon. Stronger atmospheric river conditions are
    expected to arrive later today with heavy rain eventually focusing
    over western Washington with an emphasis on the Olympic Peninsula
    and adjacent upslope areas of the Cascades.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-17 IR/WV suite shows an axis of
    strong west-southwest flow driving enhanced warm air advection and
    associated Pacific moisture transport in across the Pacific
    Northwest with an emphasis on northwest Oregon where the latest
    radar imagery and surface observations shows heavy rain impacting
    the coastal ranges, portions of the Willamette Valley, and the
    northern Oregon Cascades.

    The rains are being facilitated by proximity of a warm front and
    robust isentropic lift along and north of it as a moist Pacific
    low-level jet of 30 to 40 kts drives inland and overruns the
    boundary. In time, this front will lift to the north into adjacent
    areas of southwest to south-central Washington as a surge of
    stronger deep layer southwest flow encroaches more broadly on the
    region ahead of deepening area of low pressure and associated
    trough pivoting across the Gulf of Alaska. A gradual backing of
    the deeper layer flow downstream will drive the main corridor of
    stronger Pacific moisture transport gradually to the north which
    for this afternoon should allow for stronger atmospheric river
    conditions and heavy rains to arrive across western Washington
    with an emphasis on the Olympic Peninsula.

    Rainfall rates already across the higher terrain of northwest
    Oregon have been on the order of 0.50" to 0.60" per hour and the
    06Z HREF suite of guidance and the more recent HRRR runs support
    this continuing this morning going through the 15Z to 18Z time
    frame with generally the heaviest rains tending to focus a bit
    more on the Oregon Cascades. Additional rainfall totals going
    through 18Z of as much as 1.5+ inches are expected here with
    lesser amounts just to the west over the Willamette Valley.

    However, heavy rains will be arriving this afternoon (especially
    by 21Z and beyond) across areas of western Washington, and areas
    of the Olympic Peninsula should see a rather significant increase
    in rainfall rates (reaching 0.50" to 0.75" per hour) by late
    afternoon.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r_s9nL0Ieq94dfofmt5umOscR87IALHZuQFbY3EUJrfTbknfoNaTws-Fxxq7xxtg-dxL= ZVsX$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48332438 48242327 47772257 47072243 46512176=20
    46022135 45342120 44902128 44482155 44292199=20
    44482292 45042406 46542406 47872481=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 11 22:01:47 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 112201
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-121000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1125
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    500 PM EST Thu Nov 11 2021

    Areas affected...Western Washington into Northwest Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 112200Z - 121000Z

    SUMMARY...Robust atmospheric river conditions will drive heavy
    rainfall overnight for much of western Washington and northwest
    Oregon. Locally several inches of rain are expected which will
    increase the concern for runoff problems and flooding.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-17 visible satellite imagery in
    conjunction with offshore microwave data and CIRA-ALPW products
    continues to show a well-defined and gradually strengthening
    atmospheric river taking aim on the Pacific Northwest with a focus
    on western Washington and northwest Oregon.

    In fact, the latest radar imagery shows a substantial area of
    moderate to heavy rain moving through western Washington and
    continuing to an extent over northwest Oregon as a strong
    southwest low-level jet (approaching 40 to 50 kts) yields enhanced
    warm air advection and Pacific moisture transport across the
    region. Over the last couple of hours, the heaviest rains have
    been over the Olympic Peninsula with rainfall rates that have
    risen into the 0.2" to 0.4" per hour range.

    A warm front is gradually lifting north through western Washington
    and is helping to facilitate robust isentropic lift along and
    north of it as the aforementioned low-level jet arrives and
    overruns this boundary. Moist upslope flow and associated
    orographic forcing over the coastal ranges and into the Cascades
    is also playing a significant role in yielding more widespread
    coverage of heavier rains and an uptick in rainfall rates.

    Going through the remainder of the afternoon and into the
    overnight hours, an offshore cold front will very slowly approach
    the Olympic Peninsula as a deep low center and associated trough
    pivots across the Gulf of Alaska. This will continue to channel
    and maintain robust atmospheric river conditions through the
    overnight period with enhanced rainfall rates that are forecast by
    the 12Z HREF suite of guidance to routinely reach into the 0.50"
    to 0.75" per hour range and occasionally approach 1 inch per hour
    with the episodic arrival of some convective elements. This is
    already supported by the offshore cloud depiction with notable
    areas of cloud-top cooling seen ahead of the cold front along with
    notable convective signatures.

    The heaviest of the rains will be over the Olympic Peninsula and
    the windward slopes of the Washington Cascades where additional
    rainfall totals of 3 to 5 inches with isolated heavier amounts are
    expected through 10Z (2AM PST). Lesser rainfall rate intensity is
    expected farther south down into the northwest Oregon coastal
    ranges and Oregon Cascades, but even here some rainfall rates may
    still approach 0.50" per hour with additional totals in the 2 to 3
    inch range.

    Given the increasing rainfall rates and enhanced totals going into
    the overnight hours, there will be growing concerns for runoff
    problems and flooding. Some of the area burn scars will in
    particular be sensitive to these heavier rains and should be
    closely monitored. Additional rains are expected beyond this
    period for the event, and additional MPDs will be issued
    accordingly.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uMqMEUxl68B-O2L2RFuTc-MwdEN0TJc0AG3lVSQplFRQzPbTIFlH-W6pCp71T-4CtuVU= APnx$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48802176 48652129 48032097 47302102 46842108=20
    46302119 45672153 45262152 45142210 45412273=20
    45352325 44782361 45042406 46542406 47872481=20
    48282429 48162372 47942327 47572291 47742244=20
    48072217 48612206=20


    ------------=_1636668109-129950-2773
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 09:27:26 2021
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    ------------=_1636709251-129950-2917
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    AWUS01 KWNH 120927
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-121800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1126
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    426 AM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest OR...Western WA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 120925Z - 121800Z

    SUMMARY...Atmospheric river conditions will continue to produce
    heavy rainfall through the mid-morning hours for much of western
    Washington and northwest Oregon. An additional 1 to 3 inches of
    rainfall for orographically favored locations will lead to
    additional instances of enhanced run-off concerns and possible
    flooding.

    DISCUSSION...Recent GOES-17 satellite imagery continues to portray
    a corridor of enhanced moisture that is associated with an
    atmospheric river oriented from WSW to ENE, originating from near
    30 degrees north over the central Pacific. Regional Doppler
    radars indicate a substantial area of moderate to heavy showers
    moving across western Washington and northwest Oregon,
    particularly across the coastal ranges and the western slopes of
    the Cascades. It is these areas where the flow will be orthogonal
    to the terrain and the greatest rainfall totals realized.

    A strong west-southwest low-level jet on the order of 50 mph, in
    combination of IVT values of 600-800 kg/m/s and PWs approaching
    1.5 inches within the moisture plume, will sustain widespread
    moderate to heavy rainfall through sunrise, followed by a gradual
    abatement in intensity going through the middle to late morning
    hours. The latest CAM guidance is suggesting the potential for up
    to 3 inches of additional rainfall through 18Z, particularly with
    the HRRR and WRF.=20

    Given the saturated soils with 2-4 inches of rainfall over the
    past 24 hours, there will be growing concerns for runoff problems
    and localized flooding. Some of the area burn scars will be more
    sensitive to these heavier rains and should be closely monitored.

    Hamrick

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qWKK_7ZPjtX5NwlLhX81k36WYfOmrY6lln70OH3XoDatlcgJrzghvGcIgLgSffvrUIsa= _0mE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48912204 48872145 48522095 47852078 47232084=20
    46362082 45642090 45252106 45102139 45052178=20
    45122194 45282212 45382246 45412274 45192328=20
    45172373 45282399 45572406 45792409 46612412=20
    47132423 47622434 47852407 47912358 47832326=20
    47512315 47022303 46852276 46882244 47042220=20
    47272218 47712216 48132223 48602229=20


    ------------=_1636709251-129950-2917
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 14:49:27 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636728570-129950-3001
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 121449
    FFGMPD
    MEZ000-MAZ000-NHZ000-RIZ000-VTZ000-CTZ000-NYZ000-122030-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1127
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    949 AM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...New England

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 121445Z - 122030Z

    SUMMARY...Impending surge of heavy rainfall associated with
    anomalously high atmospheric moisture and strong low level flow
    could cause localized flooding due to excess runoff or in poor
    drainage areas.

    DISCUSSION...A large and strong upper low in the Midwest, a
    diffluent flow pattern at 300mb over New York, and an ejecting
    500mb shortwave coming out of the Ohio Valley is working with a
    stream of rich subtropical moisture racing north into the
    Northeast this morning. 12Z ALB sounding measured 850mb winds of
    59 kts, which makes it not only well above the 90% moving average
    according to SPC's sounding climatology, but among the highest
    observed in November on record there. The 12Z OKX sounding showed
    850mb winds of 48 knots, which is also above the 90% moving
    average. The new 12Z RAP shows 850mb winds ranging between 55-65
    knots just before midday. This robust southerly low level flow
    helps generate a strong upsloping component in the higher
    elevations of interior New England, allowing for a boost in
    rainfall rates farther inland. Within the warm sector, MUCAPE is
    generally under 500 J/kg but the ample moisture aloft combined
    with minor instability levels still led to some locations within
    the warm sector of eastern Pennsylvania earlier this morning
    picking up as much as 2". Lastly, PWs of 1.25"+ will engulf much
    of southern New England over the next few hours, values of which
    are 2-3 STDs above normal.

    Most 1-hourly rates observed in the northern Mid-Atlantic this
    morning fell shy of FFG, but 3-hour FFG is as low as 2" for parts
    of New England. FLASH guidance also indicates a large portion of
    the region is around 85% soil saturation, meaning it will not take
    much in the way of excessive rainfall rates to cause excess
    run-off and result in rising streams. Gusty winds are causing more
    leaves to fall off trees, which makes areas of ponding near poor
    drainage areas a concern. FLASH's CREST Maximum Unit Streamflow
    indicated recent rainfall in and around the Binghamton area led to
    increasing run-off there as well as in the Catskills. The good
    news is the slug of heavy rainfall is fairly progressive, which
    will keep a limit on the extent of flooding that transpires. That
    being said, localized flooding in parts of the region later this
    morning and into the early afternoon is possible due to the
    favorable parameters mentioned above, especially in poor drainage
    areas.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!p6UEJ9Qw0LpfdnB3ldllO3XO2GVAWYKoxAaJLsJvpD-ga7kB2HNp7jg9aNa2KZYvp76N= 9qn2$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ALY...BOX...BTV...GYX...OKX...

    ATTN...RFC...MARFC...NERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44267096 42437146 41127179 40787295 41297405=20
    41877440 43287401 43437324 43917220=20


    ------------=_1636728570-129950-3001
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 17:18:59 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636737542-129950-3075
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 121718
    FFGMPD
    MTZ000-IDZ000-ORZ000-WAZ000-130400-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1128
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1218 PM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...Northern Idaho...Far Western Montana...Southeast Washington...Far Northeast Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 121715Z - 130400Z

    SUMMARY...An atmospheric river is directing copious amounts of
    highly anomalous moisture into the northern Rockies. Prolonged
    upsloping flow, high freezing levels, and moist antecedent soil
    conditions lay the groundwork for concerns of excess runoff,
    rapidly rising creeks and streams, and landslides.

    DISCUSSION...The ongoing Atmospheric River soaking the Pacific
    Northwest is having no problem keeping a healthy moisture profile
    intact as far east as eastern Washington and northern Idaho. The
    12Z sounding out of Spokane (OTX) was remarkably saturated (99% RH
    at low levels, 96% at mid levels). The precipitable water (PW)
    value came in at 0.95", well above the 90% percentile and in fact,
    among the highest observed for the month of November. PWs
    throughout the late morning and afternoon hours are forecast to be
    2.5-4 STDs above normal. In addition, the 850-500mb mean flow was
    oriented just south of due west, giving the mean wind flow a
    favorable orientation for upsloping enhancement of precipitation
    rates later today. Lastly the other factor of note is considerably
    higher than normal freezing levels. The observed freezing level
    was 7,366' AGL, among the highest seen for the month of November.
    This is likely contributing to an abnormally deep warm cloud layer
    than typically seen in mid-November, and should help to support
    prolonged periods of moderate-to-heavy rainfall.

    The conveyor belt of Pacific moisture has caused problems upstream
    in northwest Oregon where areas of flooding are occurring. These
    hard hit areas have been dealing with similarly favorable
    excessive rainfall parameters. The core of the most anomalous PWs
    arrive between 17-00Z, allowing for multiple hours of rainfall
    rates that could range between 0.25-0.4" per hour. The latest 12Z
    HREF however does suggest 0.50" per hour rates are not out of the
    question, especially in mountainous terrain that is positioned
    orthogonal to the 850-500mb mean flow. Some locations have also
    dealt with recent heavy rainfall over the last 7 days, the most
    notable area stretching from Lewistown to the Umatilla National
    Forest where 7-day rainfall totals have been 150-200% of normal.
    FLASH Maximum Soil Moisture also shows 85%+ saturation in parts of
    northern and central Idaho, and far western Wyoming as well.
    Potential hazards include rapid rises in creeks and streams, flash
    ponding in poor drainage and more urbanized areas and landslides.

    The areas most at risk will be burn scar areas whose surfaces may
    act in a more hydrophobic manner, making rapid runoff and even
    landslides more concerning into the afternoon hours. Rainfall
    rates should lessen as we get closer to 00Z in the northern
    portion of the highlighted area, but southern position may still
    be dealing with periods of moderate-to-heavy rainfall into between
    00-04Z.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tejrsBnZzVPz2LCXnETisXBKTE9jIBiyWKXjMP4hGwUUWZojqQakxkEB43cvlatW73yG= FUNR$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MSO...OTX...PDT...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48441602 48271575 47901558 47581527 46751476=20
    46361527 46221606 46451689 45831786 45901844=20
    46281830 46711754 47241699 48061663 48391628=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


    ------------=_1636737542-129950-3075
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 17:22:30 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636737756-129950-3078
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 121722
    FFGMPD
    MTZ000-IDZ000-ORZ000-WAZ000-130400-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1128
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1221 PM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...Northern Idaho...Far Western Montana...Southeast Washington...Far Northeast Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 121715Z - 130400Z

    SUMMARY...An atmospheric river is directing copious amounts of
    highly anomalous moisture into the northern Rockies. Prolonged
    upsloping flow, high freezing levels, and moist antecedent soil
    conditions lay the groundwork for concerns of excess runoff,
    rapidly rising creeks and streams, and landslides.

    DISCUSSION...The ongoing Atmospheric River soaking the Pacific
    Northwest is having no problem keeping a healthy moisture profile
    intact as far east as eastern Washington and northern Idaho. The
    12Z sounding out of Spokane (OTX) was remarkably saturated (99% RH
    at low levels, 96% at mid levels). The precipitable water (PW)
    value came in at 0.95", well above the 90% percentile and in fact,
    among the highest observed for the month of November. PWs
    throughout the late morning and afternoon hours are forecast to be
    2.5-4 STDs above normal. In addition, the 850-500mb mean flow was
    oriented just south of due west, giving the mean wind flow a
    favorable orientation for upsloping enhancement of precipitation
    rates later today. Lastly the other factor of note is considerably
    higher than normal freezing levels. The observed freezing level
    was 7,366' AGL, among the highest seen for the month of November.
    This is likely contributing to an abnormally deep warm cloud layer
    than typically seen in mid-November, and should help to support
    prolonged periods of moderate-to-heavy rainfall.

    The conveyor belt of Pacific moisture has caused problems upstream
    in northwest Oregon where areas of flooding are occurring. These
    hard hit areas have been dealing with similarly favorable
    excessive rainfall parameters. The core of the most anomalous PWs
    arrive between 17-00Z, allowing for multiple hours of rainfall
    rates that could range between 0.25-0.4" per hour. The latest 12Z
    HREF however does suggest 0.50" per hour rates are not out of the
    question, especially in mountainous terrain that is positioned
    orthogonal to the 850-500mb mean flow. Some locations have also
    dealt with recent heavy rainfall over the last 7 days, the most
    notable area stretching from Lewistown to the Umatilla National
    Forest where 7-day rainfall totals have been 150-200% of normal.
    FLASH Maximum Soil Moisture also shows 85%+ saturation in parts of
    northern and central Idaho, and far western Wyoming as well.
    Potential hazards include rapid rises in creeks and streams, flash
    ponding in poor drainage and more urbanized areas and landslides.

    The areas most at risk will be burn scar areas whose surfaces may
    act in a more hydrophobic manner, making rapid runoff and even
    landslides more concerning into the afternoon hours. Rainfall
    rates should lessen as we get closer to 00Z in the northern
    portion of the highlighted area, but southern portion may still be
    dealing with periods of moderate-to-heavy rainfall between 00-04Z.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oIPXuiyzkVmBi92skKGQUnz5Nn_65mLS-Y90CeL7lDI5j0I2v24Bva8Gx5G2oJMEHeDu= 2exE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MSO...OTX...PDT...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48441602 48271575 47901558 47581527 46751476=20
    46361527 46221606 46451689 45831786 45901844=20
    46281830 46711754 47241699 48061663 48391628=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


    ------------=_1636737756-129950-3078
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 18:07:31 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636740459-129950-3112
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 121807
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-130200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1129
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    106 PM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...Western Washington...Northwest Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 121800Z - 130200Z

    SUMMARY...Atmospheric River continues to slam parts of the Pacific
    Northwest with heavy rainfall. Additional accumulations of 1-2
    inches are possible with locally higher amounts in the tallest
    terrain.

    DISCUSSION...A long night of rainfall has continued into the
    morning hours for western Washington and northwest Oregon. Flood
    Warnings and Advisories have been posted for portions of these
    areas. Over the last 12 hours, parts of the coastal range of
    northwest Oregon have witnessed over 4 inches of rain in spots
    while parts of the Cascade Range have picked up as much as 2-4
    inches. The onslaught of heavy rainfall helped trigger a landslide
    near the Echo Mountain burn scar area and emergency evacuations
    were occurring in Tillamook and Lincoln counties in Oregon.

    Radar continues to shows steady rounds of moderate-to-heavy
    showers tracking over the region. The 12Z SLE sounding featured a
    precipitable water value of 1.43", which is among the highest
    observed on a RAOB for the month of November on record there. The
    sounding was remarkably saturated (97% RH at low levels, 94% RH at
    mid levels) and the freezing level was roughly 11,000' AGL. The
    resulting warm cloud layer was nearly 10,000' deep, which is
    supportive of proficient warm rain processes over the area. The
    persistent and rich moisture stream within this Atmospheric River
    looks to continue into the afternoon hours with additional heavy
    rainfall and rounds of flooding expected. Latest 12Z HREF
    probabilities show roughly 20-40% chance for another 2" of
    rainfall over the next 6 hours (locally higher amounts likely)
    along the Cascade Range with parts of the northwest Oregon coast
    also likely to receive another 1-3 inches.

    FLASH guidance shows much of these areas in the higher elevations
    are ranging from 75-100% saturation as well as elevated levels of
    CREST Maxiumum Unit Streamflow. Any additional rainfall in these
    areas may exacerbate ongoing flooding issues and might also lead
    to more areas of flooding later today. Poor drainage areas and
    urbanized locations may also deal with areas of flooding.
    Landslides, especially near burn scar areas, may occur as well.=20
    Look for rainfall to taper off later this evening first in the far
    northern portions of western Washington with parts of western
    Oregon potentially still seeing some showers, albeit lighter in
    intensity, by 02Z this evening.=20

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pslkgAHyjCuTOJ9bmYeZdcTxh_HK6VGB85D9DijZnTB4jf2_ieaXa9kTa8TWSJ0gUZLj= b3jk$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48512102 47702089 46962130 46272142 45572153=20
    44702211 44642265 45162306 44822337 44132393=20
    44522435 45712420 46472392 46582312 46882250=20
    47462200 48052192 48372176=20


    ------------=_1636740459-129950-3112
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 12 18:21:05 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636741268-129950-3122
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 121820
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-130200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1129
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    120 PM EST Fri Nov 12 2021

    Areas affected...Western Washington...Northwest Oregon

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 121800Z - 130200Z

    SUMMARY...Atmospheric River continues to slam parts of the Pacific
    Northwest with heavy rainfall. Additional accumulations of 1-2
    inches are possible with locally higher amounts in the tallest
    terrain.

    DISCUSSION...A long night of rainfall has continued into the
    morning hours for western Washington and northwest Oregon. Flood
    Warnings and Advisories have been posted for portions of these
    areas. Over the last 12 hours, parts of the coastal range of
    northwest Oregon have witnessed over 4 inches of rain in spots
    while parts of the Cascade Range have picked up as much as 2-4
    inches. The onslaught of heavy rainfall helped trigger a landslide
    near the Echo Mountain burn scar area and emergency evacuations
    were occurring in Tillamook and Lincoln counties in Oregon.

    Radar continues to show steady rounds of moderate-to-heavy showers
    tracking over the region. The 12Z SLE sounding featured a
    precipitable water value of 1.43", which is among the highest
    observed on a RAOB for the month of November on record there. The
    sounding was remarkably saturated (97% RH at low levels, 94% RH at
    mid levels) and the freezing level was roughly 11,000' AGL. The
    resulting warm cloud layer was nearly 10,000' deep, which is
    supportive of proficient warm rain processes over the area. The
    persistent and rich moisture stream within this Atmospheric River
    looks to continue into the afternoon hours with additional heavy
    rainfall and rounds of flooding expected. Latest 12Z HREF
    probabilities show roughly 20-40% chance for another 2" of
    rainfall over the next 6 hours (locally higher amounts likely)
    along the Cascade Range with parts of the northwest Oregon coast
    also likely to receive another 1-3 inches.

    FLASH guidance shows much of these areas in the higher elevations
    are ranging from 75-100% saturation as well as elevated levels of
    CREST Maxiumum Unit Streamflow. Any additional rainfall in these
    areas may exacerbate ongoing flooding issues and might also lead
    to more areas of flooding later today. Poor drainage areas and
    urbanized locations may also deal with areas of flooding.
    Landslides, especially near burn scar areas, may occur as well.=20
    Look for rainfall to taper off later this evening first in the far
    northern portions of western Washington with parts of western
    Oregon potentially still seeing some showers, albeit lighter in
    intensity, by 02Z this evening.=20

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oFwszZi7fQwXjDvLvIiEJY9r-pp8GDgPUeQMC_Zf1nhJ91_bWIXaIhi387ueVeL_qhVF= LKHV$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 48512102 47702089 46962130 46272142 45572153=20
    44702211 44642265 45162306 44822337 44132393=20
    44522435 45712420 46472392 46582312 46882250=20
    47462200 48052192 48372176=20


    ------------=_1636741268-129950-3122
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 13 22:02:20 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 132202
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-140900-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1130
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    501 PM EST Sat Nov 13 2021

    Areas affected...Western Washington

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 132200Z - 140900Z

    SUMMARY...A new atmospheric river will direct more rich Pacific
    moisture to western Washington this evening and into the overnight
    hours. Highly anomalous moisture content and overly saturated
    soils could mean additional flooding and exacerbate ongoing
    flooding in creeks, streams, and rivers.

    DISCUSSION...A deep upper trough positioned north of Hawaii is
    funneling copious amounts of subtropical moisture northeast
    towards the Pacific Northwest this afternoon. The leading edge of
    the rich plume of moisture resides just behind an approaching warm
    front associated with a strengthening area of low pressure west of
    Vancouver Island. PWs by 02Z this evening range between 1.1-1.3"
    on average, but the highest core of PWs reaches as high as 1.5".
    These PWs are roughly 2.5-4 STDs above normal. The conveyor belt
    of moisture is linked to an Integrated Water Vapor Transport (IVT)
    of 1000-1200 kg/m/s just offshore this evening and the LCL-EL
    layer mean flow is roughly due west, allowing for heavier
    precipitation rates to ensue in favorable upslope portions of the
    Olympics and Cascades. There will also be some weak, albeit
    present, instability to work with too, as the latest RAP forecast
    shows MUCAPE values of 250-500 J/kg along the coast and the
    windward side of the Olympics between 02-06Z.

    Meanwhile, significant WAA within the 850-700mb layer is leading
    to not only intense Frontogenetical forcing along the warm front
    aloft, but also leading to rising freezing levels. Recent RAP
    forecast soundings for KUIL around 03Z show freezing levels as
    high as 11,000' AGL at times, making rain the primary
    precipitation type for most elevations of the Olympics and
    Cascades. The highlighted area has also been soaked in recent
    weeks. The southern most portions of the highlighted area feature
    0-100cm soil moisture percentiles over 95%. The far northern areas
    a slightly lower, but they have witnessed rainfall totals over the
    last 30 days that are 200-300% percent of normal. Rainfall rates
    indicated by the 18Z HREF suggest 0.5" per hour rates between
    02-06Z are a good bet in the Olympics and Cascades with some
    potential for hourly rates up to 0.75-1" per hour. Precipitation
    totals during this period in the higher elevated and favored
    upslope positions could pick up between 3-5" of rain during this
    MPD's time frame with some totals potentially surpassing 5" in
    parts of the Olympics and northern Cascades.

    These rainfall amounts combined with saturated antecedent soil
    conditions are ripe for additional flooding to occur. Rapid runoff
    could in turn lead to rapid rises in nearby creeks and streams.
    There are still some locations displaying elevated Max Unit
    Streamflow according to FLASH guidance too. There is also an
    increasing threat for landslides along rugged terrain as the
    rainfall continues to accumulate. While the heaviest totals will
    be confined to the mountains, urbanized areas should also be wary
    for potential flooding given similarly over saturated soil
    conditions.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!soQLTFhTa5hKcP49yftAuiG1G51_eBlR3UJ_9f_eeZPf-YM7NMvqzTVMI2_z7u4zQocD= KcBB$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49212144 48992107 48542087 47992087 47722114=20
    47412128 46792165 46892196 47222252 47122335=20
    47072393 47392441 48042473 48432460 48282337=20
    47492281 47482225 47872180 48482237 48952242=20
    49112201=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Nov 14 22:01:53 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636927318-129950-4095
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    AWUS01 KWNH 142201
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-150900-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1131
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    501 PM EST Sun Nov 14 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest Washington

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 142200Z - 150900Z

    SUMMARY...A frontal boundary to the north and a developing wave of
    low pressure in the northeast Pacific are set to generate heavier
    rainfall rates in northwest Washington this evening and into the
    overnight hours. Excessive runoff may lead to flooding along
    creeks, streams, rivers, and poor drainage areas.

    DISCUSSION...A shortwave trough northeast of Hawaii is feeling the
    cyclonic flow from a storm system in the Gulf of Alaska and is now
    tracking towards the Pacific Northwest. This upper trough
    approaching the region combined with a lingering trough northwest
    of Hawaii and a strong ridge of high pressure over California has
    produced a classic "Pineapple Express", a conveyor belt of
    subtropical moisture with origins near Hawaii. In addition, a
    frontal boundary that lifted north as a warm front last night has
    crept back south as a cold front this afternoon. This front will
    cause lift at low levels while improving upper level divergence
    associated with PVA from the approaching shortwave trough provides
    added vertical motion aloft during the latter portion of this MPD.

    Peak precipitable water (PW) levels within this atmospheric river
    range between 1.2-1.4" on average and are directed towards the
    northwestern Washington this evening. PWs this evening are set to
    be 2-3 STDs above normal. RAP forecast soundings from KBLI show
    mean wind flow within the LCL-EL layer between 00-06Z is out of
    the WSW. This supports favorable upslope enhancement along favored
    windward areas orthogonal to the mean flow along the Olympics and
    northern Cascades. Freezing levels remain quite high for much of
    this MPD's time frame, starting off just above 9,000' AGL on the
    RAP 23Z forecast sounding, eventually lowering closer to 8,000'
    AGL by 06Z. There is very little MUCAPE available, but the the
    persistent fire hose of rich subtropical moisture along with the
    favorable upslope flow should still result in hourly rates of
    0.5-0.75" for potentially several hours. Rainfall totals during
    this period are likely to range between 1-3" with localized totals
    up to 5" possible.

    After yet another 1-3" of rainfall over the region last night and
    some lingering showers throughout the day, antecedent soil
    moisture conditions remain considerably saturated. NASA SPoRT-LIS
    0-100cm Soil Moisture shows soil saturation anywhere from 75-100%.
    Many rivers have receded for the time being but many remain at
    minor or near flood stage levels. Given overly saturated soils,
    rapid runoff is possible where rainfall rates are highest and
    could lead to quick rising creeks and streams. Localized flooding
    is also possible in locations that are more urbanized and in poor
    drainage areas.

    Mullinax

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ubq6DH7voztw8hDdzdH7u5vD9NSUo7JfUyR4nZoEMdcPn1uZwGaAkXV_eidQT7OuJgUo= Gz1Z$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49202125 48902093 48462111 47922130 47682147=20
    47532164 47772190 48112200 48332229 48282282=20
    48152329 47932323 47712315 47482337 47512403=20
    47762449 48162479 48482475 48512416 48312376=20
    48392337 48812324 49042300 49172262 49172191=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 15 09:00:31 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1636966833-129950-4243
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    AWUS01 KWNH 150900
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-152000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1132
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    359 AM EST Mon Nov 15 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest Washington

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 150858Z - 152000Z

    SUMMARY...Atmospheric river conditions will continue to produce
    heavy rainfall through midday across the Olympic Peninsula and the
    northern portion of the Cascades. The potential exists for an
    additional 2 to 3 inches of rain by noon local time with instances
    of enhanced run-off and localized flooding possible.=20

    DISCUSSION...Recent GOES-17 satellite imagery continues to portray
    a corridor of enhanced moisture that is associated with an
    atmospheric river oriented from WSW to ENE, originating from near
    Hawaii. Regional Doppler radars indicate a steady surge of
    moderate to heavy rain moving across the northern Olympic
    Peninsula and the northern-most Cascades and extending into
    southern British Columbia. It is these areas where the flow will
    be orthogonal to the terrain and the greatest rainfall totals
    realized.

    A strong west-southwest low-level jet on the order of 50-60 mph,
    in combination with IVT values of 600-900 kg/m/s and PWs of 1.2 to
    1.4 inches, per recent SPC mesoanalysis within the moisture plume,
    will sustain widespread moderate to heavy rainfall through the
    late morning hours, followed by a gradual abatement in intensity
    by the afternoon as the frontal boundary drops southward as a cold
    front. The latest CAM guidance is suggesting the potential for up
    to 3 inches of additional rainfall through noon local time.

    Given highly saturated soils from anomalous rainfall over the past
    three days, there will be additional run-off and potential
    localized flooding of poor drainage areas through the remainder of
    the morning hours. Any burn scar areas will be even more
    sensitive to these heavier rains.

    Hamrick

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!texU70k3NJ_Sius9wD5_BBgpukeIXHckaqKDP2cM_haqT130GsNbD9D4HZQA6AumnNC5= AgmG$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49052324 49042256 49032180 48952105 48532077=20
    48132099 47762101 47342120 47152135 47182178=20
    47672195 48122205 48342235 48422277 48342308=20
    48162332 47922342 47432325 47032316 46942314=20
    46772323 46652343 46642381 46682409 46952436=20
    47292452 47852470 48232492 48562485 48802471=20
    48972437 49022401=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 18 19:02:21 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1637262146-2012-317
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    AWUS01 KWNH 181902
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-190100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1133
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    201 PM EST Thu Nov 18 2021

    Areas affected...portions of south Florida

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 181900Z - 190100Z

    SUMMARY...Atmospheric river conditions will continue to produce
    heavy rainfall through midday across the Olympic Peninsula and the
    northern portion of the Cascades. The potential exists for an
    additional 2 to 3 inches of rain by noon local time with instances
    of enhanced run-off and localized flooding possible.=20

    DISCUSSION...Recent GOES-17 satellite imagery continues to portray
    a corridor of enhanced moisture that is associated with an
    atmospheric river oriented from WSW to ENE, originating from near
    Hawaii. Regional Doppler radars indicate a steady surge of
    moderate to heavy rain moving across the northern Olympic
    Peninsula and the northern-most Cascades and extending into
    southern British Columbia. It is these areas where the flow will
    be orthogonal to the terrain and the greatest rainfall totals
    realized.

    A strong west-southwest low-level jet on the order of 50-60 mph,
    in combination with IVT values of 600-900 kg/m/s and PWs of 1.2 to
    1.4 inches, per recent SPC mesoanalysis within the moisture plume,
    will sustain widespread moderate to heavy rainfall through the
    late morning hours, followed by a gradual abatement in intensity
    by the afternoon as the frontal boundary drops southward as a cold
    front. The latest CAM guidance is suggesting the potential for up
    to 3 inches of additional rainfall through noon local time.

    Given highly saturated soils from anomalous rainfall over the past
    three days, there will be additional run-off and potential
    localized flooding of poor drainage areas through the remainder of
    the morning hours. Any burn scar areas will be even more
    sensitive to these heavier rains.

    Hamrick

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pSkciCt9M-6mVjxYWgAvbAAu0Gtcaxp3NG6QjNYvIEI0LQiE8mSHAAk6orpliZPu9yqU= aCuh$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...KEY...MFL...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 26778058 26617997 26077993 25418013 24988040=20
    24968084 25268120 25958168 26378137=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 18 19:11:22 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1637262686-2012-321
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    AWUS01 KWNH 181911
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-190100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1133
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    210 PM EST Thu Nov 18 2021

    Areas affected...portions of south Florida

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 181900Z - 190100Z

    Summary...A conditional risk of flash flooding exists across south
    Florida - especially within hydrologically sensitive and urbanized
    areas through 00Z.

    Discussion...The primary concern in the short term is a fairly
    focused band of heavier precipitation (with rates approaching 3
    inches per hour) near the Key Largo area. The east-west oriented
    band was gradually lifting northward toward the Miami/Ft.
    Lauderdale areas while ingesting renewed convective development on
    its eastern flank. The cells are in a moist, buoyant environment
    characterized by 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE and 2 inch PW values.=20
    Additionally, subtle lift/ascent downstream of a mid-level
    vorticity maximum was also helping to sustain the convection (and
    was likely forcing additional convection across the southeastern
    Gulf of Mexico).

    Over time (and despite weak forcing) the concern exists that the northward-moving band of convection will propagate northward
    toward more urbanized areas of southeastern Florida (including the
    Miami/Ft. Lauderdale Metro area). If the band can continue to
    ingest renewed convection from the slightly more unstable air over
    the Gulf Stream, it is probable that 2-3 inch/hr rainfall rates
    could materialize. FFGs are fairly high across the region,
    suggesting that any (already conditional) flash flood risk could
    be tied to the most sensitive and low-lying areas.

    Over time, additional convection over the southeastern Gulf of
    Mexico and western Florida Keys could impact that region through
    the early afternoon, though specific details on corridors of
    potentially heavy rainfall remain a bit uncertain at this time.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r1Hwr8eHmQqa6vaBeQMLTTRanjqQC6naoSqh_MEyILrtfMNqKkbPXIS6B169_SulvULB= xYgs$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...KEY...MFL...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 26778058 26617997 26077993 25418013 24988040=20
    24968084 25268120 25958168 26378137=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Nov 19 17:17:02 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1637342228-2012-590
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    AWUS01 KWNH 191716
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-192315-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1134
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1215 PM EST Fri Nov 19 2021

    Areas affected...Urban Corridor of Southeast Florida

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 191715Z - 192315Z

    SUMMARY...Heavy showers with intense rainfall rates are expected
    to result in an increased threat of urban flooding for southeast
    FL going through the afternoon hours.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES-16 visible satellite imagery shows an
    agitated TCU field over eastern areas of Palm Beach and Broward
    counties with radar showing increasing coverage of heavy shower
    activity orienting itself in a general northeast to southwest
    axis. This is well-aligned with the moist, convergent, and
    unstable low-level northeast flow coming in off the warm Atlantic
    Ocean.

    Cloud top temperatures with the current activity are rather warm
    and the latest GOES-16 Daytime Microphysics RGB data tends to
    suggest a fair degree of warm-rain processes ongoing with the
    current shower activity. This suggests elevated and highly
    efficient rainfall rates which is also supported by the 12Z RAOB
    sounding data from XMR (Cape Canaveral) and MFL (Miami) with moist
    and relatively tall, skinny CAPE profiles.

    The latest RAP analysis shows an axis of moisture convergence
    becoming increasingly focused along the urban corridor and
    especially from near Fort Lauderdale down to Miami around the west
    side of a surface trough that is just offshore. Coinciding with
    this is an instability gradient as well with as much as 1000 to
    1500+ j/kg of MLCAPE.

    Over the next several hours, heavy showers are expected to become
    a bit more numerous in coverage with some relatively transient
    bands or clusters of convection advancing generally south or
    southwest down the FL East Coast with the low-level flow.

    Much of the forcing for heavy rainfall will be in the lower levels
    of the column, with warm-rain processes potentially resulting in
    some rainfall rates of up to 2 inches/hour. Some localized storm
    totals of 3 to 4 inches will be possible based on the 12Z HREF
    guidance.

    These heavier rainfall rates this afternoon are expected to drive
    an increased threat of flooding for the highly populated urban
    corridor of southeast FL and this may be a particular concern for
    the Miami metropolitan area which saw heavy rainfall and runoff
    problems last evening.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tFl2pd0J1-zuMBcf-cWM46V_9bjypBvbKV_MBbDPsQs8DjtDa_sdy2fOPpCFevhe34TT= 7TxS$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MFL...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 26818002 26588000 26228002 25738015 25508028=20
    25508044 25638053 25748054 25928051 26448031=20
    26738021=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Nov 22 03:47:38 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1637552862-2012-1056
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    AWUS01 KWNH 220347
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-220900-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1135
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1046 PM EST Sun Nov 21 2021

    Areas affected...Deep South Texas...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 220345Z - 220900Z

    SUMMARY...Intensifying thunderstorms capable of 2-3" totals with
    hourly rates near FFG pose low-end possible localized flash
    flooding particularly near/along the Rio Grande.

    DISCUSSION...03z surface analysis depicts weak southeasterly flow
    coming off the Western Gulf of Mexico ahead of southward pushing
    cold front between Webb to Live Oak county. Tds in the upper-60s
    to low 70s along with increased moisture in the 85-7H layer (per
    CIRA LPW and 00z RAOB at CRP/BRO) support increasing moisture flux
    convergence along said boundary to enhanced moisture loading to
    the developing updrafts, with total PWats increasing from 1.5 to
    about 1.75". Given strength of convergence along fast moving cold
    front, weak 5-10 knot inflow will be increased relative to cell
    motions supporting rates of 2-2.5"/hr.

    Upper-level support will be steadily supportive of maintaining
    updrafts along/ahead of the front as right-entrance of the jet is
    exiting across central-coast of Texas, while increasing diffluence
    in general. Forward speed is a limiting factor to extreme
    rainfall totals, but localized 2-3" are possible across Deep South
    Texas, particularly further west into Starr and W Hidalgo
    counties. This is supported by recent HRRR solutions and 00z ARW,
    FV3, Nam-Conest convective allowing models providing increased
    confidence to these rates/totals.=20=20

    Hydrologically, the ground has been abnormally dry across Texas,
    with the exception of the area of concern. 2-week anomalies per
    AHPS still remain about 300% of normal while NASA LIS 0-40cm
    saturation ratios are about 70-80%. This could result in greater
    run-off particularly given the short-duration of 1-2hrs of these
    rates, which are in the vicinity of 1hr FFG values (2.5"). As
    such, flash flooding is considered possible...however will remain
    highly localized in nature and intensity/scope.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uxIpkbGZQZj1SB6ylRn54M2l15X3EG4_z5zSuX44CoD45qTwdi9m1ABjyOGKaRJ3-vzE= Cwpt$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BRO...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 27219826 27199776 26739761 26039812 26339900=20
    26639930 27029916 27129882=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 25 17:48:33 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1637862518-76136-697
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 251748
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-260600-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1136
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1247 PM EST Thu Nov 25 2021

    Areas affected...western Washington State

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 251745Z - 260600Z

    Summary...An atmospheric river will gradually shift southward
    across portions of western Washington State through 06Z,
    potentially leading to a few runoff/flooding issues.

    Discussion...Strong onshore flow so far has been confined to areas
    of far northwestern Washington State and adjacent areas of British
    Columbia as an axis of 50-60 kt southwesterly 850mb flow maintains
    moisture and lift while oriented perpendicular nearby terrain
    features. The onshore flow regime has promoted 0.1-0.25 inch/hr
    rain rates (based on MRMS operational guidance) so far this
    morning along the windward side of the Olympics northeastward
    toward the Cascades north of Seattle. The heaviest rainfall rates
    have materialized in the Olympics over the past hour or so. The
    pattern was also maintaining a moist airmass especially along
    coastal areas of Washington State, where 1+ inch PW values were
    noted in objective analyses.

    With time, the mid-level wave helping to foster the enhanced 850mb
    flow will shift onshore across British Columbia and western
    Washington. The axis of 850mb flow will shift slowly southward as
    a result while gradually weakening. Models continue to depict
    areas of heavier rainfall (potentially exceeding 0.5 inch/hr) that
    will spread southward from the Olympics into additional coastal
    areas of western Washington in tandem with the 850mb jet. A
    second area of locally heavy rainfall rates could materialize on
    the windward side of the Cascades this afternoon as well. 12Z
    HREF guidance suggests that heavier rainfall rates will exist
    through 05Z or so before tapering off thereafter. The axis of
    rainfall rates should fall in areas prone to runoff, with FFG
    values of 0.5-1 inch/three-hour thresholds noted especially along
    the Cascades. As these FFG thresholds are approached through the
    afternoon, a few flooding issues are expected to potentially
    materialize.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vF-1p6NYSRDGwyRX_C9xrTk2h4S7XLYL9K3tTfrfcUD6uOZgtyt2Lq6MmMtkr-OPNInT= -YDC$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49202246 49172106 48922045 48212029 47362062=20
    46582131 46452153 46082227 46302312 46272392=20
    46572425 48402493 48382423 48262359 48642301=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Nov 25 18:27:33 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 251827
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-260025-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1137
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    126 PM EST Thu Nov 25 2021

    Areas affected...south Texas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 251825Z - 260025Z

    Summary...Gradual destabilization is resulting in a few areas of
    deepening convection. These trends should continue through the
    afternoon along with a spotty flash flood threat near the Rio
    Grande and south Texas coast.

    Discussion...A seasonably strong cold front was making steady
    southward progress through central/south Texas as of 18Z. South
    of this front, isolation and weak low-level warm advection was
    allowing for maintenance of a moist, weakly unstable, and weakly
    capped airmass characterized by 1.6-1.8 inch PW values and 1500
    J/kg MUCAPE. A few areas of slow-moving convection were noted and
    focused along a couple of surface features: 1) the
    southward-moving cold front and 2) along a weak/diffuse trough
    oriented parallel to the Texas/northeastern Mexico coastline.=20
    Based on MRMS analyses, these efficient rainfall producers were
    resulting in estimates of 1-2 inch/hr rainfall rates in a few
    spots - though these rates were generally below FFG thresholds
    areawide.

    The approaching front, weak surface convergence along the front,
    and localized convective processes (i.e., outflows) are expected
    to maintain slow-moving convection across the discussion area as
    long as sufficient surface-based instability can persist inland
    ahead of the surging front. Models/observations suggest that this
    potential should exist through at least 22-23Z, with the longest
    residence time of unstable area (and greatest flash flood risk)
    located along the south Texas coast and Rio Grande areas. Where
    convection is able to persist and/or repeat, a quick 2-3 inches of
    rainfall will be possible. These rates are most likely to
    overwhelm hydrologically sensitive (i.e., urbanized) areas
    especially near Brownsville Metro - especially if convection near
    the coast can develop westward/inland this afternoon. The overall
    flash-flood threat is expected to remain fairly isolated and
    spotty, however.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!s7yxqJ03h-OKfdp-zj6KjhNDA-v9baJef18aVrRwc4GlXrvRQSjOF2bm6-fzW7TYwksk= YpjZ$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BRO...CRP...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 28439683 28379652 27599702 26939723 26329714=20
    25969711 25759733 25749805 26239896 26829947=20
    27389953 27689955 28239899 28299779=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Nov 27 16:46:01 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1638031565-76136-1380
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    AWUS01 KWNH 271645
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-280500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1138
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1145 AM EST Sat Nov 27 2021

    Areas affected...western Washington State

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 271700Z - 280500Z

    Summary...An atmospheric river will gradually intensity and bring
    areas of moderate to heavy rain to the Pacific Northwest through
    the evening. Areas of flooding are possible especially after
    around 21Z.

    Discussion...As of ~1545Z, light to moderate precipitation (with
    0.1-0.25 inch/hr rain rates) was beginning to overspread portions
    of the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington. The precipitation
    is in tandem with an intensifying atmospheric river taking shape
    across the northeastern Pacific, with 40-45 kt south-southwesterly
    850mb flow beginning to approach land and ascend due to terrain
    interactions. The flow is gradually increasing along the southern
    periphery of a series of low pressure areas over the Gulf of
    Alaska and is maintaining a very moist airmass (characterized by
    PW values >1.1 inch) across coastal areas of Washington State.

    Global models suggest that 850mb flow will veer and increase to
    around 45-55 knots while maintaining an orientation perpendicular
    to higher terrain among the Olympic and Cascade mountain ranges
    especially after around 21Z. The orographic convergence and lift
    will likely result in an increase of rain rates, which could
    exceed 0.5 inch/hr at times along windward-facing slopes. These
    rain rates and topography will likely support areas of excessive
    runoff and possible flooding. Per recent 12Z HREF guidance, the
    heaviest of rain rates will likely persist through 06Z (and
    perhaps as late as 09Z across the Olympic Peninsula) before
    tapering off thereafter. A few areas of 3-5 inch rainfall totals
    are expected.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rA55LvOLuXYjgPFbgrdWrbziPcrjwO5yxF8_-QMJUuPXPzetP6WId0VdV7aohzk-xCO5= ol9v$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49012220 48952136 48902083 48572055 47782053=20
    47112068 46682130 46592215 46672324 46592406=20
    46832418 47292441 48392481 48442439 48292399=20
    48152351 48292327 48462324 48712312 48902278=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Nov 30 17:29:24 2021
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    ------------=_1638293467-76136-2294
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    AWUS01 KWNH 301729
    FFGMPD
    WAZ000-010515-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1139
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1228 PM EST Tue Nov 30 2021

    Areas affected...northwestern Washington

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 301726Z - 010515Z

    Summary...An atmospheric river will continue to affect the Olympic
    Peninsula and northern Cascades of Washington through late this
    evening. Rainfall intensity should largely remain below 0.5 in/hr,
    but an additional 1 to 3 inches of rain through 06Z may generate
    localized hydrologic concerns.

    Discussion...17Z water vapor imagery from GOES West showed a low
    amplitude trough/ridge pattern over the eastern Pacific with the
    ridge axis located just off of the Washington coast. A shortwave
    was noted in the upstream flow roughly 500 miles west of the
    northern coast of British Columbia with a surge of precipitable
    water approaching 1.5 inches noted to its south, offshore of
    Vancouver Island and northwestern Washington. 850-700 mb mean flow
    was perpendicular to the coast, ranging between 40 to 55 kt with
    stronger moisture flux magnitudes pointing toward Vancouver
    Island. Recent observations across the are have seen rainfall
    intensities ranging between 0.1 and 0.25 in/hr so far.

    Low level winds are expected to generally remain similar through
    00Z per recent runs of the RAP. In addition, short term forecasts
    from the RAP suggest that as the offshore shortwave off of British
    Columbia mentioned above translates inland, the greatest
    combination of low level wind and precipitable water magnitude
    will impact Vancouver Island in the 21-00Z time range, with the
    southern fringes grazing northern Washington. Rainfall rates are
    expected to peak in the 0.25 to 0.50 in/hr range, but beyond 00Z,
    gradual waning of moisture flux values into Washington is expected
    to reduce rainfall rates through 06Z. Additional 12 hour rainfall
    totals through 06Z of 1-2 inches is expected in many locations of
    the Olympics and northern Cascades, but localized totals just over
    3 inches will also be possible. Given recent rainfall and ongoing
    flood watches/warnings across the region, some additional
    localized hydrologic issues may occur.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uYID88MvNiSZYQyhc12q1raHOaTtERDsSkhTm6JlhsI_kX8oK8NtwOrfmRWMQOaKIzhV= 7NgC$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...OTX...PDT...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 49102203 49042158 48852127 48542100 48232093=20
    47922107 47612118 47382129 47262157 47122226=20
    47152333 47242399 47382433 47712459 48262487=20
    48392480 48462464 48362432 48282394 48262369=20
    48272331 48312307 48392284 48532275 48812283=20
    49032276=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 6 03:16:45 2021
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    ------------=_1638760612-76136-4310
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    AWUS01 KWNH 060316
    FFGMPD
    OHZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-060915-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1140
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1015 PM EST Sun Dec 05 2021

    Areas affected...Portions of the Middle MS and Lower OH Valleys

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 060315Z - 060915Z

    SUMMARY...Showers and thunderstorms will increase in coverage over
    the next several hours. Some periodic training of this activity
    over the same area may result in a highly localized threat of
    flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...A strong upper trough advancing east across the upper
    Midwest this evening will be allowing a cold front to drop
    southeast across the middle Mississippi and lower Ohio Valley
    region going through the overnight period. Ahead of this cold
    front will be a strengthening southwest low-level jet that will
    impressively reach upwards of 50 to 70 kts, and will be
    responsible for strong moisture recovery/transport across the
    region. Already there is a modest pooling of instability seen
    ahead of the front with MLCAPE values of 1000+ j/kg focused from
    southern MO through southern IL, western KY and far southern IN.

    PWs across the area for the time being are not that high with
    values of 1.0 to 1.3 inches, but the latest CIRA-LPW data shows
    the northeast advance of some mid-level subtropical moisture from
    the southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley which coupled
    with the strong low-level jet should help to allow these PWs to
    gradually increase overnight along and ahead of the front.

    Strong low-level convergence/forcing along the arriving cold front
    coupled with strengthening right-entrance region upper jet
    dynamics (associated with the aforementioned upper trough) will
    interact with this pooling of moisture and instability overnight
    and support the development and rather broad expansion of showers
    and thunderstorms.

    Some periodic training of this activity is expected, and while the
    soil conditions across the region are quite dry (noting the latest
    0-40cm NASA SPoRT soil moisture anomalies), some of the stronger
    convective cells are expected to produce some 1 to 1.5 inch/hour
    rainfall rates which may cause some runoff problems given the
    training concerns. The recent HRRR guidance suggests some spotty 2
    to 3+ inch rainfall totals over the next several hours, and the
    00Z HREF guidance does indicate some low-end probabilities of
    seeing 3-hour FFG exceedance. Therefore, a highly localized flash
    flood threat may evolve overnight.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!poYFHRqJBbct_SAlxl8STs0IyK1zwuE1R5QIKn88Bf685KbY22Hf8VteQf8qrugEbU31= URRC$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILN...ILX...IND...JKL...LMK...LSX...LZK...MEG... OHX...PAH...SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 40318337 39218295 38248384 37488530 36718778=20
    36488891 36259135 36389294 36659344 37009306=20
    37509110 38458867 39208679=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 6 12:38:21 2021
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    ------------=_1638794304-76136-4519
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    AWUS01 KWNH 061238
    FFGMPD
    MSZ000-LAZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-061836-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1141
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    737 AM EST Mon Dec 06 2021

    Areas affected...central MS, central LA, & extreme southeast TX

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 061236Z - 061836Z

    Summary...Pre-frontal convection with occasional training
    character could lead to hourly rain totals to 2.5" and local
    amounts of 3-5", which would be problematic in urban areas.

    Discussion...An upper trough passing through the Midwest with an
    incoming shortwave across OK and central TX have led to divergence
    aloft and 1000-2000 J/kg of MU CAPE from western MS southwest into
    southeast TX. Precipitable water values in the region are
    1.5-1.7" per GPS data and JAN/LCH raobs, which also show the
    requisite deeply saturated profiles and fairly unidirectional flow
    normally seen with possible training. Effective bulk shear of
    35-50 kts should continue to organize convective activity. Radar
    imagery recently shows backbuilding convection a bit ahead of a
    cold front across central MS downstream of this instability pool.

    The concern is that pre-frontal convection will attempt to
    backbuild and train for a bit before the cold front can catch up
    and sweep the activity southeast. Eroding instability should
    force heavy rain related issues southwest through the MPD area
    with time. While mesoscale guidance generally advertises local
    amounts in the 3" range, places farther northeast in TN, KY, and
    OH managed hourly rain totals to 2.5" with local 5" amounts where
    mesocyclones managed to hold up convective progression, and see
    little reason why similar wouldn't happen in MS, LA, and southeast
    TX this morning where ingredients appear equally supportive. Due
    to recent dryness over much of the lower 48 over the past month,
    soils are parched, so issues look most likely in urban areas.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pxZQHS71q0SP7SPhzKznu0LlkFfDfez_fNDec1Ll7jcXUUCfzu4F0-ju1C9yv7n-HvfS= DCR4$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HGX...JAN...LCH...LIX...MEG...SHV...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 33978962 33178862 30879041 29839257 29859441=20
    31999363=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 10 22:00:56 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639173663-34671-397
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    AWUS01 KWNH 102200
    FFGMPD
    WIZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-IAZ000-110355-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1142
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    500 PM EST Fri Dec 10 2021

    Areas affected...eastern IA, northeastern MO, southern WI,
    central/northern IL

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 102158Z - 110355Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible across parts
    of the Upper Midwest in the 00-03Z time frame. Convective
    development and the potential for training will support rainfall
    rates of at least 1 to 1.5 in/hr and localized narrow stripes of=20
    1.5 to 2.5 inches of rain.

    Discussion...21Z surface observations placed a warm front
    extending ENE from a low near TOP, along with a cold front
    extending southwestward from the low and a dryline trailing
    southward through eastern KS into central OK. The system was
    located out ahead of an upper trough, whose leading edge was noted
    to be moving into eastern KS/NE as of 2130Z. Moisture has
    increased dramatically ahead of the storm system with PWATs rising
    into the 0.9 to 1.1 inch range across southeastern IA into central
    IL, a rise of six or seven tenths over the past 12 hours. A surge
    of moisture, centered near 850 mb, was evident in CIRA Layered PW
    imagery with the nose of higher moisture noted over MO (19Z),
    racing northeastward with the aid of a 50-65 kt southwesterly jet
    at 850 mb.

    As forcing for ascent ahead of the mid-upper level trough and left
    exit region of a 130+ kt 200 mb jet over the Southern Plains
    continues to advance eastward through 00Z, it will meet with 850
    mb dewpoint rises into northeastern MO and eastern IA. The rise in
    elevated moisture should support an increase in MUCAPE values,
    progged by recent runs of the HRRR to reach 500-1500 J/kg across
    eastern IA/MO into IL, supporting a rather quick uptick in
    convective development. Thunderstorms are expected to straddle the
    warm front with both surface based and elevated parcels late this
    evening. Forecast kinematic profiles from the RAP show
    unidirectional southwesterly flow from the LFC to EL, especially
    for parcels rooted near 850 mb, which will allow for training.
    While the associated cold front will be progressive, development
    of thunderstorms ahead of the cold front will have the potential
    to train with rainfall rates of at least 1 to 1.5 in/hr given the
    thermodynamic environment. Flash flood guidance values are only
    1.5 to 2.0 inches in 3 hours for a good portion of the discussion
    area. Therefore, despite dry antecedent conditions, localized
    flash flooding will be possible late this evening into the
    overnight.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!s_MXk5EMr-c-dOqpPgKGeb9RluivCiVGefwQm_EGx1iuMK3b07Vz3qOIN4FkrvfZ7NPs= yD8E$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ARX...DMX...DVN...EAX...ILX...LOT...LSX...MKX...

    ATTN...RFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 42959004 42878870 42568815 41898778 41068795=20
    40298845 39638916 38989077 39339210 40689258=20
    42029197 42639101=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 11 01:51:57 2021
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    ------------=_1639187522-34671-714
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110151
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MSZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-110445-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1143
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    851 PM EST Fri Dec 10 2021

    Areas affected...Parts of the Mid-Mississippi Basin

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110150Z - 110445Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible across parts
    of the Mid Mississippi Valley through 05Z. Convective development
    and the potential for training will support rainfall rates 1 to
    1.5 in/hr and localized narrow stripes of 1.5 to 2.5 inches of
    rain.

    Discussion...01Z surface observations placed a warm front over far
    northern Missouri while surface low pressure were entering far
    northwest Missouri. Convection was growing upscale in an unstable
    environment ahead of the cold front and associated dryline. Given
    the systems location ahead of an upper trough, deep moisture ahead
    of the surface feature was deepening quickly in response to strong
    flow from the surface to over 850 mb...wotj CIRA Layered PW
    imagery showing the nose of higher moisture racing northeastward
    with the aid of a 50-60 kt southwesterly jet observed from the 00Z
    soundings at 850 mb.

    As forcing for ascent ahead of the mid-upper level trough and left
    exit region of a 130+ kt 200 mb jet over the Southern Plains
    continues to advance eastward this evening. it will meet with 850
    mb dewpoint rises over Arkansas and southern Missouri. The rise
    in elevated moisture should support an increase in MUCAPE values,
    progged by recent runs of the HRRR to reach 1000-2500 J/kg across
    the area and then be swept eastward by the advancing cold front.=20
    Even though the progressive nature of the convection early should
    preclude much coverage of heavy to excessive rainfall, the
    increasing coverage of activity within an unstable environment
    could mitigate that by allowing for some training or areas
    receiving multiple rounds of convection.=20

    Flash flood guidance values are only 1.5 to 2.0 inches in 3 hours
    for a good portion of the discussion area...which may be
    challenged by rainfall rates of 1 to 1.5 inches per 3 hours.
    Therefore, despite dry antecedent conditions, localized flash
    flooding will be possible this evenings ahead of the cold front.

    Bann

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rrb5YxvGiGDTulzIIharREr8HCF5ADxTKe0u8Aq_yOMi0jOastSti-iLN0VvcKkZcrAs= 0LrY$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILX...LSX...LZK...MEG...PAH...SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39728879 36188898 34938969 34249054 33959242=20
    34259308 36119170 36949141 38579095 39619022=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 11 02:03:05 2021
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    ------------=_1639188191-34671-739
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110202
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MSZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-110445-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1143
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    902 PM EST Fri Dec 10 2021

    Areas affected...Parts of the Mid-Mississippi Basin

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110150Z - 110445Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible across parts
    of the Mid Mississippi Valley through 05Z. Convective development
    and the potential for training will support rainfall rates 1 to
    1.5 in/hr and localized narrow stripes of 1.5 to 2.5 inches of
    rain.

    Discussion...01Z surface observations placed a warm front over far
    northern Missouri while surface low pressure were entering far
    northwest Missouri. Convection was growing upscale in an unstable
    environment ahead of the cold front and associated dryline. Given
    the systems location ahead of an upper trough, deep moisture ahead
    of the surface feature was deepening quickly in response to strong
    flow from the surface to over 850 mb...wotj CIRA Layered PW
    imagery showing the nose of higher moisture racing northeastward
    with the aid of a 50-60 kt southwesterly jet observed from the 00Z
    soundings at 850 mb.

    As forcing for ascent ahead of the mid-upper level trough and left
    exit region of a 130+ kt 200 mb jet over the Southern Plains
    continues to advance eastward this evening. it will meet with 850
    mb dewpoint rises over Arkansas and southern Missouri. The rise
    in elevated moisture should support an increase in MUCAPE values,
    progged by recent runs of the HRRR to reach 1000-2500 J/kg across
    the area and then be swept eastward by the advancing cold front.=20
    Even though the progressive nature of the convection early should
    preclude much coverage of heavy to excessive rainfall, the
    increasing coverage of activity within an unstable environment
    could mitigate that by allowing for some training or areas
    receiving multiple rounds of convection.=20

    Flash flood guidance values are only 1.5 to 2.0 inches in 3 hours
    over a portion of the discussion area...which may be challenged by
    rainfall rates of 1 to 1.5 inches per 3 hours. Therefore, despite
    dry antecedent conditions, localized flash flooding will be
    possible this evening ahead of the cold front.

    Bann

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ubZq9rC7RCGLAfJ5Z5l43Z5PMRSPjYiY31Y8x_xuV0n-eYSm3GgiY8kHBwacWyLhPJiM= UbYs$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILX...LSX...LZK...MEG...PAH...SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39728879 36188898 34938969 34249054 33959242=20
    34259308 36119170 36949141 38579095 39619022=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 11 03:55:01 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639194910-34671-940
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110354
    FFGMPD
    OHZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-110953-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1144
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1054 PM EST Fri Dec 10 2021

    Areas affected...western/central Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, and
    small portions of northeastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri,
    southern Illinois, southern Indiana, and northwest Tennessee

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110353Z - 110953Z

    Summary...Fast-moving, yet repeated convection could potentially
    cause a few flooding issues through 10Z.

    Discussion...Mature supercells have managed to materialize across
    western Kentucky this evening within an open warm sector well
    ahead of a southeastward-moving cold front in western Arkansas.=20
    These cells have utilized a number of factors to remain well
    organized while producing rain rates near 1"/hr, including 1)
    strong vertical shear throughout the troposphere, 2) a reservoir
    of 1.5-1.7 inch PW values, and 3) moderate surface-based
    instability. Areas beneath the convection have already
    accumulated 1-2 inches of rainfall in narrow WSW-ENE axes
    (particularly near Madisonville, Kentucky), and these totals have
    approached FFG thresholds.

    Of particular concern for this area is the abundance of upstream,
    pre-frontal convection that will traverse the areas that have
    already received heavy rainfall. One lead supercell about 20 SE
    PAH has consistently produced 1 inch/hr rain rates along it's long
    trek from northeastern Arkansas, while additional convection
    (containing mixed linear and cellular modes) continue further
    upstream across southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas.=20
    Despite the very fast motion of these storms, another 1-2.5 inches
    of rainfall are possible in a few areas especially where
    repeating/training storms can materialize. This could lead to
    flash flooding - especially in areas that have already received
    heavier rainfall and/or are urbanized/sensitive.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sg_nkW0lAI4i616aBYw6t9OlR1q4sN-lysbab7dGCrtlraVshezrRep86Zo8_3gET2II= CXws$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...ILN...IND...LMK...MEG...OHX...PAH...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39748464 39698367 38778375 37678452 36418589=20
    35628793 35228998 35829041 37328946 37668884=20
    38348761 39018600=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 11 09:56:03 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639216566-34671-1364
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    AWUS01 KWNH 110955
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-WVZ000-OHZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-111554-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1145
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    455 AM EST Sat Dec 11 2021

    Areas affected...central/eastern Kentucky, middle and eastern
    Tennessee, northern Mississippi, northern Alabama

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 110954Z - 111554Z

    Summary...Despite upscale growth noted with areas of convection in
    central Kentucky and Middle Tennessee, localized training is
    allowing for a continued flash flood risk this morning.

    Discussion...Vigorous convection continues to move quickly
    east-northeast this morning based on latest radar mosaic imagery.
    Most of the convection remains well ahead of the synoptic cold
    front, however, which was located from near Mount Vernon, IL to
    just southeast of Little Rock, AR. Although some upscale growth
    has occurred with some of the convection, a mix of linear and
    cellular models persists with some substantial training
    particularly in central Kentucky from Hopkinsville to Bowling
    Green and vicinity. Localized areas of 2-3" per 3 hour rain rates
    have been observed in this axis (per MRMS), which was approaching
    or locally exceeding FFG thresholds. A few other areas of similar
    rain rates have been observed closer to Louisville and Frankfort
    and south of Memphis, Tennessee earlier tonight.

    Latest objective analyses indicate that the storms are currently
    located within a moist axis containing 1.1-1.3 inch PW values.=20
    Instability was relatively limited due to convective overturning
    and nocturnal destabilization - although SBCAPE values of 500-1000
    J/kg were still noted across Middle Tennessee. It appears that at
    least an isolated flash flood risk should continue through at
    least 16Z due to the well-organzed nature of the convection and
    its pre-frontal nature (which has allowed for bows/lewps and
    intermittent areas of training). FFGs are somewhat lower with
    eastern extent as well (into eastern KY/eastern TN), which may
    also offset the lack of surface-based instability noted there.=20
    The risk of flash flooding will likely be tied to areas that can
    experience prolongued (2+ hours of 1+"/hr) rain rates (consistent
    with earlier observations in central Kentucky).

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r7GsTgD4H_R20drPLoEdHfY78ZA21AC_bea93i18T1B0gQiSJNL5ztTlvNnzVXKtLBnf= mxpV$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...HUN...ILN...JKL...LMK...MEG...MRX... OHX...PAH...RLX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38688292 37868239 37078280 36398301 35548423=20
    34798569 33878686 33788843 34128939 34768941=20
    35218902 35848816 36528730 37208665 37708621=20
    38258505 38628406=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 12 21:03:55 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639343042-34671-3450
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    AWUS01 KWNH 122103
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-130900-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1146
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    402 PM EST Sun Dec 12 2021

    Areas affected...central CA coast

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 122100Z - 130900Z

    Summary...Intensification of rainfall is expected overnight along
    portions of the central CA coast, from San Francisco to the Santa
    Lucia Mountain Range. Rainfall rates are likely to exceed 0.5
    in/hr in a few areas beginning in the 06-10Z time frame. Locations
    of poor drainage and burn scars will be at risk for flash flooding
    and debris flows.

    Discussion...GOES West water vapor imagery through 2030Z showed an
    advancing mid-upper level trough axis near 31N 140 W along with a
    longwave trough digging to its north across the eastern Pacific.
    The northern trough was amplifying given the presence of a 170+ kt
    upper level jet on its western flank, originating from the eastern
    Aleutian Islands. Blended TPW imagery and RAP analysis data
    identified a 100-150 mile wide axis of precipitable water (PW) in
    excess of 1 inch, oriented from southwest to northeast, pointed at
    the San Francisco and Monterey metro areas. 850 mb winds were
    aligned with the offshore PW axis and were 30-35 kt along the
    coast, having weakened from earlier this morning.

    Further amplification and sharpening of the longwave trough is
    expected overnight, which will help to increase lift within the
    right entrance region of a pivoting 130-150 kt jet max located
    over the western U.S. The PW axis is expected to slow/stall as the
    upper trough amplifies overnight, setting up a prolonged period of
    heavy rain for the Coastal Ranges of central CA. Meanwhile, a
    subtle (but notable) increase in 850 mb wind speeds back into the
    40-45 kt range and an increase in PW into the 1.1 to 1.2 inch
    range is forecast by recent RAP/GFS forecasts from San Mateo to
    Monterey County beginning near 06Z.

    Rainfall rates are expected to steadily increase across the region
    overnight, reaching 0.5 in/hr in the 06-10Z time frame, perhaps
    reaching 0.75 in/hr by 10-12Z. The impacts of these heavy rains
    will potentially lead to flash flooding within areas with poor
    drainage and flash flooding/debris flows if overlap occurs with
    recent burn scar locations, including the CZU Complex, Dolan and
    River burn scars. This should mark the beginning of an extended
    atmospheric river event that will continue well into the day on
    Monday.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qcY6e8qQxtEpgRHx-_JjSsWfRyzEF5mDvWml5Ktiz3q_raWncqWY1N5yYd0WOeObWc5G= F_VQ$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LOX...MTR...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38102234 37972214 37712184 37432161 37292150=20
    37132145 36962144 36872144 36802135 36722127=20
    36632122 36542117 36472122 36472129 36582142=20
    36532152 36432150 36282139 36092119 35932113=20
    35782110 35642117 35622128 35712155 35862172=20
    36232198 36722221 37082247 37292252 37372259=20
    37762260 38002253=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 13 08:54:02 2021
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    ------------=_1639385648-34671-3600
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    AWUS01 KWNH 130853
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-132100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1147
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    353 AM EST Mon Dec 13 2021

    Areas affected...coastal areas of northern/central California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 130852Z - 132100Z

    Summary...Models indicate that an atmospheric river event will
    intensify through the early morning hours, resulting in heavy
    rainfall especially along coastal areas of California, through 21Z
    and beyond.

    Discussion...Areas of light to moderate rainfall have persisted
    this morning especially from SFO to MRY and near ACY. Rain rates
    in these areas have been relatively light so far (around 0.1-0.2
    inch/hr) but are resulting in moistening soils across the region.
    The rainfall is attributed to orographic lift as 35-45 kt
    west-southwesterly low to mid-level flow persists on the
    southeastern extent of several cyclone centers over the
    northeastern Pacific centered near 50N, 137W. An axis of 1-1.2
    inch PW values was also noted within the enhanced flow aloft and
    oriented toward the central California coastline.

    Models continue to suggest that low and mid-level flow will
    increase dramatically into the 50-65 kt range (in the 850-700mb
    layer) though the morning hours while maintaining a west-southwest
    to east-northeast orientation toward coastal areas of central
    California. This will also for an increase in rain rates to near
    2 inches per 3 hours along coastal ranges of central California
    (locally higher based on CAMs/HREF). Hydrologically sensitive
    areas (including the CZU, Dolan, and River burn scars) could
    experience impacts from efficient runoff and flash flooding. A
    second area of moderate to heavy rainfall (approaching 0.5
    inch/hr) may also materialize in coastal areas of northwestern
    California through 15Z, although the greater moisture/orographic
    lift (and heavier rain rates) should focus in areas from SFO to
    MRY to SBP areas though 21Z. Not only should FFG thresholds be
    exceeded at times in these areas, but the duration of the flash
    flood risk could persist through early Tuesday.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uFYecrVXJlRfX9axhX0PnW1fL50M8lGmXYDISKFtLL6ZIB9mo5h571D_bfTbJ56bWL9J= SF2p$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...HNX...LOX...MTR...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 41542403 41252357 40452363 39492339 38662288=20
    38282211 37792157 37362136 36572084 35942049=20
    35142043 34952078 35612152 36462222 37362257=20
    38232337 39432417 40422459 41082450 41232430=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 13 21:00:43 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639429247-34671-3839
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    AWUS01 KWNH 132100
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-140800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1148
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    400 PM EST Mon Dec 13 2021

    Areas affected...portions of central to southern CA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 132058Z - 140800Z

    Summary...Category 3 atmospheric river will continue to impact
    portions of central to southern CA through the rest of today into
    early Tuesday morning. Rainfall rates occasionally over 1 in/hr
    will be possible for the Coastal Ranges and the threat for flash
    flooding and debris flows remains elevated.

    Discussion...Loops of Blended TPW imagery over the past 6-12 hours
    has shown the evolution of two Pacific moisture streams into
    California. The primary (and greater) moisture fetch consisted of
    precipitable water (PW) values between 1.0 and 1.2 inches, located
    just offshore of the Santa Lucia Mountains, ahead of a cold front.
    The second fetch was oriented from southwest to northeast into the
    northern CA coastline, just south of Cape Mendocino and ahead of a
    secondary cold front. 850 mb winds at KMUX have been hovering near
    50 kt (via VAD wind plots) but a separate axis of 50 kt winds
    existed with the secondary cold front/moisture fetch. Water vapor
    imagery from GOES West showed a tightening upper trough offshore
    of the OR/CA coast with an increase in diffluence noted over
    northern CA over the past 3-6 hours. At the surface, the heaviest
    observed rainfall rates have been in the Santa Cruz Mountains with
    values just over 0.75 in/hr, sourced from Wunderground.com.

    The primary moisture axis is forecast to continue sinking slowly
    southward along the CA coastline, but with an increase in the 850
    mb flow expected to maintain or locally increase the degree of IVT
    into the coast, despite a gradual lowering of PW through tonight.
    50-60 kt of 850 mb wind oriented into the Santa Lucia Range will
    support intense rainfall rates peaking in the 1.0 to 1.5 in/hr
    range, although any values as high as 1.5 in/hr should be very
    isolated in nature.

    As the upper trough continues to advance southeastward over the
    next 6-12 hours, a sharpening of the trough will allow for
    increasing diffluence and divergence aloft across central CA as
    the secondary moisture axis continues to slowly merge with the
    primary axis. 850-700 mb winds of 45-55 kt will and weak
    instability (<500 J/kg) beneath the "cold" upper trough will
    support intense cores of rain near 0.5 in/hr at times into the
    foothills of the Sierra Nevada, despite lower PW values. Threats
    for flash flooding and debris flows, especially in burn scar
    regions are likely to continue for central to southern CA through
    the night with some areas picking up an additional 3-6 inches of
    rain by 09Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tBdBR4FFTKN9Fc27qlOov6eV5UmwMt3JrXDNTrU98hTYcX0I_oz3_Qn_dkEbnMZ8cc--= DD6C$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39442153 39402117 38752078 38192044 37681973=20
    37131926 36751932 36751975 36912017 36972054=20
    36972078 36672066 36262034 36002032 35702032=20
    35172009 34911977 34861936 34951888 34841855=20
    34521857 34301940 34282030 34462084 34932137=20
    35842198 36692264 37302283 37822291 38292269=20
    38672204=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 13 21:11:41 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639429904-34671-3849
    Content-Type: text/plain
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    AWUS01 KWNH 132111
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-140800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1148...Corrected
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    410 PM EST Mon Dec 13 2021

    Corrected for typo in last paragraph

    Areas affected...portions of central to southern CA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 132058Z - 140800Z

    Summary...Category 3 atmospheric river will continue to impact
    portions of central to southern CA through the rest of today into
    early Tuesday morning. Rainfall rates occasionally over 1 in/hr
    will be possible for the Coastal Ranges and the threat for flash
    flooding and debris flows remains elevated.

    Discussion...Loops of Blended TPW imagery over the past 6-12 hours
    has shown the evolution of two Pacific moisture streams into
    California. The primary (and greater) moisture fetch consisted of
    precipitable water (PW) values between 1.0 and 1.2 inches, located
    just offshore of the Santa Lucia Mountains, ahead of a cold front.
    The second fetch was oriented from southwest to northeast into the
    northern CA coastline, just south of Cape Mendocino and ahead of a
    secondary cold front. 850 mb winds at KMUX have been hovering near
    50 kt (via VAD wind plots) but a separate axis of 50 kt winds
    existed with the secondary cold front/moisture fetch. Water vapor
    imagery from GOES West showed a tightening upper trough offshore
    of the OR/CA coast with an increase in diffluence noted over
    northern CA over the past 3-6 hours. At the surface, the heaviest
    observed rainfall rates have been in the Santa Cruz Mountains with
    values just over 0.75 in/hr, sourced from Wunderground.com.

    The primary moisture axis is forecast to continue sinking slowly
    southward along the CA coastline, but with an increase in the 850
    mb flow expected to maintain or locally increase the degree of IVT
    into the coast, despite a gradual lowering of PW through tonight.
    50-60 kt of 850 mb wind oriented into the Santa Lucia Range will
    support intense rainfall rates peaking in the 1.0 to 1.5 in/hr
    range, although any values as high as 1.5 in/hr should be very
    isolated in nature.

    As the upper trough continues to advance southeastward over the
    next 6-12 hours, a sharpening of the trough will allow for
    increasing diffluence and divergence aloft across central CA as
    the secondary moisture axis continues to slowly merge with the
    primary axis. 850-700 mb winds of 45-55 kt and weak instability
    (<500 J/kg) beneath the "cold" upper trough will support intense
    cores of rain near 0.5 in/hr at times into the foothills of the
    Sierra Nevada, despite lower PW values. Threats for flash flooding
    and debris flows, especially in burn scar regions are likely to
    continue for central to southern CA through the night with some
    areas picking up an additional 3-6 inches of rain by 09Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sl41JaPO3_QWa0OrWlsp1i8zbb02Odx-3Oirxo3rGN9Giy5ZljCI9PWOtT7Gjbsw4jD-= ei_A$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 39442153 39402117 38752078 38192044 37681973=20
    37131926 36751932 36751975 36912017 36972054=20
    36972078 36672066 36262034 36002032 35702032=20
    35172009 34911977 34861936 34951888 34841855=20
    34521857 34301940 34282030 34462084 34932137=20
    35842198 36692264 37302283 37822291 38292269=20
    38672204=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 14 08:22:01 2021
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    ------------=_1639470125-34671-4057
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    AWUS01 KWNH 140821
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-142000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1149
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    320 AM EST Tue Dec 14 2021

    Areas affected...coastal areas of central and southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 140800Z - 142000Z

    Summary...Axis of moderate to heavy rain will gradually shift
    southward to include more of the Transverse Ranges of southern
    California with time. Areas of 0.5-0.75 inch/hr rain rates should
    cause areas of excessive runoff especially in terrain-favored and hydrologically sensitive areas.

    Discussion...A moderate atmospheric river event continues across
    central area of California currently. A few ares of 0.2-0.4
    inch/hr rain rates (based on MRMS estimates) were noted especially
    near favored terrain areas. A few spots of 0.5-0.75 inch/hr rain
    rates were also noted based on observations from wunderground.com
    near coastal ranges. Enhanced integrated water vapor transport
    was being maintained by a substantial mid-level trough that was
    located roughly 175-200 miles west of the California coast. 1
    inch PW values and strong (50-60 kt) southwesterly flow just ahead
    of the trough was maintaining the moderate to heavy rainfall
    scenario in tandem with orographic lift near the coastal terrain.

    The mid-level trough responsible for the precipitation was
    migrating toward the coast and should reach the shoreline later
    today. As this occurs, the axis of strongest low/mid-level flow
    and IVT should shift southward toward more of the Transverse
    Ranges of southern California with time. Models suggest that rain
    rates should remain maximized near the favored terrain and could
    exceed 0.75 inch/hr through 21Z. These rates should exceed local
    FFGs and cause runoff/flooding issues.=20

    As the low/mid-level jet axis shifts southward toward southern
    California, rainfall should become more intermittent across
    central California coastal areas (from SFO to MRY) especially
    after the 11-12Z timeframe. With substantial mid-level cooling
    aloft associated with the trough, it also appears probable that a
    few areas in the highest terrain in Santa Barbara County could
    change over to snow after 18Z.

    Cook=20

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pom6xazHkZ4YGydaFTbeKesrn2p0yCBDFzz8mcBz2H4MLLHjg62rA5Obud3oFjLPQB4W= RXsg$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...SGX...STO...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37562185 36982121 36002045 35441976 34971864=20
    34861779 34301709 33601671 33151686 33231740=20
    33391806 33891897 34202026 34722119 35572165=20
    36522227 37442246=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 14 20:07:01 2021
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    ------------=_1639512424-34671-4323
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    AWUS01 KWNH 142006
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-150600-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1150
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    306 PM EST Tue Dec 14 2021

    Areas affected...Coastal Areas From Portions of Central into
    Southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 142005Z - 150600Z

    Summary...The axis of moderate to heavy rain will continue to
    gradually shift southward...eventually crossing the Transverse
    Ranges of southern California with time. Excessive runoff in
    terrain-favored and hydrologically sensitive areas is possible
    where rainfall rates of 0.5 to 0.75 inches per hour occur.

    Discussion...A moderate atmospheric river event continues across
    portions of central and southern California. Only a few ares of
    0.2-0.4 inch/hr rain rates were noted on MRMS imagery this
    afternoon while surface reports still showed some places receiving
    0.5-0.75 inch/hr rain rates in the San Gabriel and Santa Ana
    ranges as of 20Z. Enhanced integrated water vapor transport was
    being maintained by a substantial mid-level trough that was
    located roughly 175-200 miles west of the California coast. One
    inch precipitable water values and strong (50-60 kt) southwesterly
    flow just ahead of the trough was maintaining the moderate to
    locally heavy rainfall scenario in tandem with orographic lift
    near the terrain and difluent flow aloft east of the trough.

    The mid-level trough responsible for the precipitation was moving
    a little slower than shown by earlier model guidance but the axis
    should still reach the coastline during the evening. As it does
    so, the best moisture transport and deepest moisture gets shunted
    away from the region. Over southern California, this was reflected
    in the 12Z HREF 40 km neighborhood probabilities which showed
    potential for rainfall rates of 1 inch per hour tapering off
    during the afternoon...and the potential for rainfall rates of 0.5
    inches per hour dropping below 5 percent by 04Z.

    Until that point, there will continue to be a risk of flash
    flooding in terrain-favored and hydrologically sensitive areas.

    Bann

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!s4YxY3gZzKRZDy8I3_KPlr92-hetPmYnTGb256GU0CKjO-KTQjYP9YRE9Tjfwy3stOPw= DWaE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...MTR...SGX...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35952118 35952060 35872028 35241922 34931794=20
    34731750 34191694 33241665 32761691 33081734=20
    33431794 33651829 33741882 33921925 34172005=20
    34552098 35102107 35612134=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 16 20:44:12 2021
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    ------------=_1639687459-34671-7158
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    AWUS01 KWNH 162019
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-MSZ000-LAZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-170217-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1151
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    318 PM EST Thu Dec 16 2021

    Areas affected...portions of the Mid-South

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 162017Z - 170217Z

    Summary...Showers and thunderstorms are beginning to show an
    uptick in coverage near the ArkLaTex. Hourly totals to 2" and
    local amounts to 4" are possible over the next several hours.

    Discussion...Water vapor imagery shows a shortwave moving through
    northeast AR and eastern OK at the present time. Veggie Band
    images show the low cloud deck across southern AR is eroding, with
    new development within an ML CAPE pool of 1000-2000 J/kg.=20
    Effective bulk shear is 35-40 knots, which with the unidirectional
    flow with height is trying to develop a linear convective band.=20
    Earlier this morning, a short-lived mesocyclone was noted which
    amped up hourly rain totals to 2".

    While the model guidance is not in unanimous agreement, there is a
    good signal for local 2-3" amounts between Memphis, northwest MS,
    and southern AR over the next several hours amongst the 12z NAM
    CONEST, 12z ECMWF, 12z Canadian Regional, and 12z ARW guidance
    while HRRR runs show an increased trend in amounts over the past
    several hours. This is an area where the highest precipitable
    water values and the stronger 850 hPa inflow is expected to
    persist today. The GFS-based GDI hints at growing convective
    coverage through at least 00z, which should act to cause a greater
    frequency of hourly totals to 2" this afternoon. A front moving
    into the area is expected to slow down, which also should act to
    amp the rainfall potential -- believe local amounts to 4" are
    possible. Since precipitation in this area has been roughly 25-50
    percent of average over the past couple weeks, impacts are
    expected to be mainly across urban areas.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oRCp5ETEs6vaw0aO5vKnaMNCmmpUscM06WZo4h-yRR72u_5h-lmZVG_XZj5y-LmLG_XK= IrUN$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAN...LZK...MEG...SHV...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35428888 34408935 33459117 32849410 33189484=20
    33369475 33689438 34219392 34609294 35049197=20
    35419027=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 17 12:20:10 2021
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    ------------=_1639743616-34671-7364
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    AWUS01 KWNH 171220
    FFGMPD
    ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-171820-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1152
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    719 AM EST Fri Dec 17 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast Oklahoma into western to northern
    Arkansas

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 171220Z - 171820Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible from portions
    of northeastern TX into southeastern OK and western AR through
    16Z. Repeating showers and thunderstorms will be capable of
    producing rainfall totals between 1 and 2 inches in an hour, with
    2-4 inches locally in 2 to 3 hours.

    Discussion...09Z surface observations placed a slowly retreating
    warm front from central and northeastern TX into southern AR,
    where the front became quasi-stationary across the MS River. A
    plume of relatively higher surface-850 mb theta-e air was
    streaming northward from the Hill Country...across the DFW
    Metroplex...and into southeastern OK, overtop the surface front.
    This was occurring in response to height falls ahead of a large
    upper level trough currently crossing the Great Basin and lift
    ahead of a subtle vorticity max noted in water vapor imagery over
    the Permian Basin of TX at 09Z. 850 mb wind fields across TX/OK
    have expanded and increased in magnitude since 00Z into the 25-35
    kt range. MUCAPE has been increasing north of the front as well,
    concurrent with an increase in scattered showers and thunderstorms
    from the Red River into southeastern OK and western AR. 09Z SPC
    mesoanalysis data showed these showers and storms had access to
    MUCAPE of roughly 500-1500 J/kg, embedded within precipitable
    water values of 1.2 to 1.4 inches.

    Short term forecast soundings from the RAP showed LFC-EL layer
    winds unidirectional from southwest to northeast, parallel to the
    orientation of the low level theta-e plume in which the showers
    and thunderstorms have been developing. Over the next 3-6 hours,
    continued overrunning flow of 25-35 kt in the 925-850 mb layer and
    lift ahead of the west TX vorticity max will support further
    increases of low level moisture and elevated instability along
    with a continued increase in the coverage of showers and
    thunderstorms through 15Z from southeastern OK into western AR.
    The expected repeating and training nature of the rainfall should
    allow for hourly rainfall totals between 1-2 inches along with
    some localized flooding due to 3 hour totals between 2-4 inches.
    However, given dry antecedent conditions, any flooding impacts
    should remain limited to urban areas and/or locations with poor
    drainage.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vSqu2hYFKXe7GxHL4zobEJrmRBCFt8DCDaUSCNnUSq_tR-hENgnBEKLo9ot32mGkPuUt= 11-9$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FWD...LZK...OUN...SHV...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36319201 36089092 35699121 35169190 35019213=20
    34389305 34139369 33939415 33829482 33749559=20
    33679695 33769757 34169771 34849705 35639571=20
    36079458 36239385=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 17 16:17:40 2021
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    ------------=_1639757865-34671-7436
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    AWUS01 KWNH 171617
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-172130-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1153
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1116 AM EST Fri Dec 17 2021

    Areas affected...Northeast AR...Southeast MO...Southern
    IL...Western KY...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 171615Z - 172130Z

    SUMMARY...Potential for narrow bands of training cells with rates
    of 1-2"/hr pose isolated potential for low-end flash flooding
    concerns.

    DISCUSSION...16z surface analysis depicts a stationary front
    extending along the KY/TN boarder before angling southwest across
    far northeast Arkansas toward a subtle inflection/wave just south
    of KLIT. Solid moisture flux convergence along the boundary given
    southerly to southeasterly flow intersecting and upgliding before
    then veering quickly in the 900-850 layer. Aided by weak to
    modest MUCAPE through 925-7H layer of 500-1000 J/kg has supported
    isolated shallow to mid-depth convection across central AR with
    weaker cells toward lower instability values downstream into W KY.
    The overall moisture of 1.3 to 1.5" total PWats per 12z soundings
    and GPS observations support localized solid flux into the cores
    of said convection for efficient rainfall production. Moisture
    values are in the upper 90s percentiles with some locations being
    near a running daily maximum value and support up 1.75"/hr rates.=20
    However, those are in fairly transient narrow cores to limit
    overall duration. While recent severe weather events have
    resulted in some streaks of increased soil saturation, the overall
    area remains fairly dry with NASA SPoRT LIS 0-40cm saturatio
    values well below average across AR but closer to normal in W KY.=20
    As such, FFG values should be comparible to potential flash
    flooding concerns, and that would generally be at 1.5"/hr or
    2-2.5"/3hrs.=20=20

    The key to excessive therefore is going to training of narrow
    thunderstorms and expansion long the line to increase duration.=20
    At this time, this is appearing to look more favorable in the
    short-term from NE Arkansas into western Kentucky. Hi-Res Cams
    suggest 1.25"/hr rates with some totals of 1.5-2", though were not
    ideally aligned, with exception of recent HRRR soltuions. Current observational trends along with forecast tracking of right
    entrance ascent pattern/couplet moving through the area as well as
    increased instability for increased vertical growth/rainfall
    efficiency; there is the potential to support a few narrow bands
    of 1-2 hours of training and leading to localized low-end
    exceedance of FFG values. As such flash flooding is considered
    possible through the early afternoon.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tvNvItkgPyG4Jo1Fn_16HktH8WUaxiKnPdhfAyqVRpdSRu7q0mnotIcbsooJOlCcJE69= o2Ju$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LSX...LZK...MEG...PAH...SGF...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38048750 37398725 36858786 36208953 35759052=20
    35369138 35639203 36519184 37508991 37898886=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 17 18:00:42 2021
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    ------------=_1639764048-34671-7469
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    AWUS01 KWNH 171800
    FFGMPD
    MOZ000-ARZ000-OKZ000-180045-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1154
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1259 PM EST Fri Dec 17 2021

    Areas affected...Eastern OK...Northwest AR...Southern MO...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 171800Z - 180045Z

    SUMMARY...Convection with potential for 1.5"/hr rates within mean
    flow that promotes training/repeating pose continued low-end flash
    flooding potential through evening hours.

    DISCUSSION...GOES-E imagery depicts a wedge of colder cloud tops
    with upstream edge deeper/occasionally overshooting tops with
    frequent lightning detection across E/NE OK/NW AR spreading into S
    MO. These cells continue to maintain themselves on a ribbon of
    increased low to mid-level instability and confluence of southerly
    and southwesterly 925-850 LLJ overriding surface low/enhancing
    wave across in proximity to KMLC. MUCAPE values continue to
    trickle up as the weak shortwave continues to develop at the right
    entrance region to the 3H jet across central MO into IL. Thirty
    to 40 kts at 850 are enhancing deeper moisture profile to support
    1.4-1.5" total PWAT values into the column. This is supporting
    convection that is broadly producing 1-1.25"/hr, occasionally
    ticking up to 1.5"/hr. Cell motions are fairly quick limiting
    duration of heavy rainfall and overall the orientation is broader
    to limit overall training of the strongest cores, even though the
    deeper steering environment remains very favorable from the WSW to
    ENE. Speed convergence/placement to the 85-7H boundary may
    enhanced some duration across southern MO, but proximity to best
    instability may reduce overall rates through 21-22z. Still,
    pockets of 1.5-3" totals are possible by 00z which is on the edge
    of the FFG values in the region (which should be solid given
    recent dry pattern/below average 0-40cm soil saturation per NASA
    SPoRT LIS).=20

    Later this afternoon/evening...
    Approaching height-falls from the northwest should sharpen the
    cold front that currently exists as a SW-NE stationary front
    bisecting eastern OK. Deeper layer moisture transport out of the
    Pacific will continue to maintain/enhance moisture while clearing
    skies is already starting to support increasing temperatures and
    surface based instability values. Elevated convection north of
    the warm front will continue to develop and maintain/train across
    NE OK/NW AR and maintain flash flooding threat, but with backing
    low level flow south of the warm front SBCAPEs over 2000
    J/kg...new cells will develop and back-build in proximity to the
    stationary front by 22-23z. Having greater vertical depth cells
    and deeper moisture flux, rates over 1.5-2"/hr become increasingly
    possible.

    The cold front/secondary push with the approaching height-falls is
    expected to not drop through north-central OK/southern Kansas
    until after 00z allowing for the training environment to persist
    and pose localized excessive hourly totals and isolated flash
    flooding risk. However, these cells are expected to be training
    through the areas affected currently over the next few hours
    across east-central OK into northwest AR with 2-4" totals possible
    by 00z. As such flash flooding is considered possible, becoming
    more probable later this evening.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sw50bKi-ezlSX_8lMBdTbsQ0lkOkV6H-BGYbIayQZV5zEVhqEPFXrsLjiCSzlFEN6f9E= hCJC$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LZK...OUN...SGF...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37289221 37129142 36239181 35349350 34309571=20
    34789674 35789606 36539510 37109365=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 17 23:34:47 2021
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    ------------=_1639784090-39421-3
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    AWUS01 KWNH 172334
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-180531-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1155
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    634 PM EST Fri Dec 17 2021

    Areas affected...ArkLaTex into the Mid-Mississippi Valley

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 172331Z - 180531Z

    Summary...Showers and thunderstorms should show increasing
    coverage while showing minimal forward progression until later
    tonight. Hourly rain totals to 2" and local amounts to 4" are
    expected over increasingly saturated soils which lead to bouts of
    flash flooding.

    Discussion...A positively tilted shortwave across the central
    Plains combined with smaller scale shortwaves moving through the
    southern Plains and Mid-Mississippi Valley are leading to
    divergence aloft ahead of a inactive front moving into the area
    from the west. Precipitable water values are ~1.5". Inflow at
    850 hPa matches the effective bulk shear, roughly 40 kts from the west-southwest. When combined with unidirectional flow, showers
    and thunderstorms have been forming in linear segments and
    dropping hourly totals up to 1.5" or so across southwest MO as of
    late per WSR-88D estimates out of Springfield.

    The expectation is for cell coverage to increase, as implied by
    GFS-based Galvez-Davison indices which have increasing values with
    time. Late in the period, as the cold front catches up to this
    prefrontal activity, some forward progression is anticipated. The
    model guidance shows reasonable agreement that local amounts to 4"
    are expected across AR and OK near the better instability, and
    less agreement across southern IL where instability is marginal
    but expected to increase slightly over the next several hours.=20
    The primary heavy rain concerns are short training bands and
    possible mesocyclones in this environment which could ramp up
    totals. Hourly totals to 2" and local amounts to 4" are expected,
    which would be problematic in urban areas, locations which have
    already received heavy rain today in AR and OK, as well as the
    Ozarks.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rscOKcSY4fIwFzJn1cy7x1V1PFmPbqatXVu13SPdaW8kKIUIV0WrUjWPsZlPy5rSGMB0= Hjyt$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LSX...LZK...MEG...OUN...PAH...SGF...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...MBRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38288834 36888856 35649144 34999301 35139458=20
    34659595 33909834 37019400=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 18 06:00:53 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 180600
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-181030-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1156
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    100 AM EST Sat Dec 18 2021

    Areas affected...southeastern OK into AR, southeastern MO and
    portions of the lower Ohio Valley

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 180557Z - 181030Z

    Summary...The threat for flash flooding across OK/AR into
    southeastern MO and portions of the lower Ohio Valley should begin
    to wane over the next 2-4 hours. Until then, expect periods of
    short term training to support 1-2 in/hr rainfall rates and
    localized totals near 3 inches.

    Discussion...0530Z regional radar imagery across the southern
    Plains to lower Ohio Valley showed a nearly continuous southwest
    to northeast oriented axis of showers and thunderstorms stretching
    from southeastern OK to southern IL/IN. Individual cell movement
    has been off toward the northeast but the rainfall axis has begun
    to shift south and east in response to an approaching
    full-latitude upper trough over the north-central to southwestern
    U.S. Localized areas of training remained where portions of the
    leading edge of thunderstorms have raced out ahead of the pack,
    allowing for periods of training such as what has been observed
    near Fort Smith, AR over the past one to two hours. KSRX estimated
    hourly rainfall totals of 2-3 inches were seen in Le Flore and
    Sebastian counties along with at least one Wunderground.com
    observation of 2 inches in the past hour ending 0540Z. MUCAPE was
    fairly weak in most areas (500 J/kg or less) except across
    southeastern OK into western AR where the 05Z SPC mesoanalysis
    showed near 1000 J/kg remaining.

    As upstream height falls continue to shift east over the next 2-4
    hours, low pressure over southern MO is likely to strengthen and
    track northeastward into IL/IN. A trailing cold front will sweep
    south and east in its wake, supporting greater forward progression
    to the ongoing axis of showers and thunderstorms. Periods of short
    term training are likely to continue over the next few hours
    however, especially with portions of the leading convective line
    that are able to push out ahead of the broader shield to the west.
    Hourly rainfall totals of 1-2 inches can be expected (perhaps
    locally higher) along with isolated additional rainfall totals
    near 3 inches, which will support an isolated flash flood threat
    through 10Z or so. The greatest potential for higher rainfall
    rates will be across OK and AR where greater instability is
    forecast to remain.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uvG6f5_jDv_N68bQxR7btK4PhTKLb-M5lle9bXiqduveRpsIP27AkX5DHm1VJKgvT4i_= cP7_$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LMK...LSX...LZK...MEG...OUN...PAH...SGF...SHV...
    TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38368712 37878680 37148744 36688853 36049019=20
    35359125 34699236 34159358 33869449 33969589=20
    34109651 34989567 35789426 36809251 37519069=20
    38118889=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 18 08:59:54 2021
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    ------------=_1639817997-42186-137
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    AWUS01 KWNH 180859
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-181455-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1157
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    359 AM EST Sat Dec 18 2021

    Areas affected...portions of central/east-central TX

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 180855Z - 181455Z

    Summary...Training axes of moderate to heavy rain may lead to
    localized flash flooding across portions of central/east-central
    TX through 15Z. Rainfall of 2-3 inches in an hour will be possible
    along with localized 3-5 inch totals. Dry antecedent conditions
    over the past few weeks will likely limit runoff concerns to
    locally sensitive areas.

    Discussion...Regional radar imagery across central TX over the
    past 1-2 hours (ending 0830Z) has shown an increase in the
    coverage of thunderstorms along the I-35 corridor between AUS and
    ACT along with showers developing along the prairies southwest of
    NFW. Several Wunderground.com observations northwest of Round Rock
    reported 1 to 1.5 inches of rain in 15 minutes with KGRK derived
    rainfall rates of 2.0-2.5 in/hr ending 0830Z.

    Forcing for ascent was being aided by a shortwave about to cross
    the Rio Grande in the Big Bend region of TX and increasing upper
    level divergence and diffluence out ahead of the upper level
    impulse. The environment across central TX, south of an advancing
    cold front, showed 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE and 1.3 to 1.5 inches of
    precipitable water via the 08Z SPC mesoanalysis. Deeper-layer mean
    flow from the southwest was being matched by similarly oriented
    850 mb flow of 20 to 30+ kt, supporting narrow axes of training.

    As the northern Mexico shortwave continues to advance eastward
    this morning, the coverage of thunderstorms across central TX
    should increase, with a few narrow corridors exhibiting
    southwest-northeast training. The environment has already proven
    capable of 2-3 in/hr rainfall totals and additional convective
    activity may support storm total rainfall in the 3-5 inch range
    through 15Z. There will likely be showers/thunderstorms that
    develop and build southwestward along the advancing cold front
    through 12Z, which will meet up with activity occurring out ahead,
    before the cold front sweeps the heavy rain toward the southeast.
    Flash flooding will be possible across portions of central to
    east-central TX, especially in any urban areas or locations that
    have poor drainage.

    Otto=20

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tLYKfSF9d_WUXWuXcaJ8WYls9jUddGiKAzQGTtJQCp9LFgPL4oOog9GZ_PNrtnGEhZ8i= uV4-$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EWX...FWD...HGX...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32239611 31499598 30939618 30099683 29499792=20
    29439852 29729891 30059905 30909844 31969712=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 18 14:51:28 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639839093-42186-209
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    AWUS01 KWNH 181451
    FFGMPD
    TXZ000-182030-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1158
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    950 AM EST Sat Dec 18 2021

    Areas affected...Southeast Texas...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 181450Z - 182030Z

    SUMMARY...Slow southeastward drift of frontal convection; new
    development downstream posing potential mergers/training resulting
    in possible flash flooding.

    DISCUSSION...RADAR and GOES-E 10.3um loop depict solid line of
    strong thunderstorms from Hays/Guadalupe county in central Texas
    toward northeast Texas in vicinity of Rusk/Gregg county along the
    leading edge of the slowly southeast drifting cold front. Further
    north along the line, the mean flow is less parallel to the cell
    motions, so residency is likely a limiting factor for the
    potential for flash flooding; however, ample moisture flux
    convergence and surface based instability to 500 J/kg support some
    higher instantaneous rates of up to 1.75 that could pose
    driving/urban short-term concerns. With upstream redevelopment,
    the higher theta-e air may be obstructed and reduce efficiency
    further as the cells move into northeast/west-central LA.

    Further south, forward propagation is toward the southeast feeding
    into the warmer much more unstable air mass across Southeast Texas
    where SBCAPEs are starting to reach values of 1500-2000 J/kg.=20
    Rates of 2"/hr have been estimated with some hourly observations
    of 1.5"/hr. The concern here though, is deeper mean flow is more
    parallel to allow for increased duration/training potential in the
    short-term with 2-3" totals possible over the next few hours.

    The greater concern for flash flooding will begin to expand in the
    16-17z time frame, closer to the coast plain and toward the
    Houston Metro area by early afternoon. CIRA LPW and therefore
    TPW, show a strengthening of the western gulf coastal jet surging
    northward at this time, before veering at/near the coast
    increasing convergence well ahead of the frontal zone. Hi-Res
    CAMs supported by observations of veering low level
    flow/increasing temps/dewpoints coming ashore off the warm Gulf,
    develop strong deeper convection from Victoria county toward the
    Houston Metro, strengthening further with the push of cold frontal
    convection. Training and eventual mergers (~20z) of
    thunderstorms may result in hourly rates/totals of 2-2.5" with
    isolated 3" totals. Overall totals of 2-4" across the coastal
    plain would be close to the generally higher FFG, especially given
    well below normal rains over the last month or so (5-10% of normal
    per AHPS). Still, the sheer rates, particularly near the urban
    settings will pose a possible flash flooding risk through early
    afternoon.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oykCj6kmhuTaKLVPU_4-cXN02i21mNG870SSZiThSsOHeGYGm3TRbJa0OSKH7w1rzBnC= QL1i$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...CRP...EWX...FWD...HGX...LCH...SHV...

    ATTN...RFC...WGRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 31999418 31229386 30149385 29669402 28789530=20
    28389659 28669744 29669815 30499743 31369588=20
    31939494=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 18 19:34:00 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639856043-42186-308
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    AWUS01 KWNH 181933
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-190100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1159
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    233 PM EST Sat Dec 18 2021

    Areas affected...Southern Alabama...Ext Southwest Georgia...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 181930Z - 190100Z

    SUMMARY...Increasing coverage of thunderstorms capable of
    1.75-2"/hr rates, with possibility of training/repeating pose
    highly scattered 3-4" totals and low-end possible flash flooding
    through this evening.

    DISCUSSION...Exiting subtle shortwave trof exiting NE GA along the
    northwest periphery of the subtropical ridge over the Sargasso
    Sea, along with approaching larger scale northern stream shortwave
    across NE TX entering N LA has resulted in a flattening west to
    east oriented low to mid-level boundary within broadly WSW deep
    mean flow across S AL. Return moisture boundary at 925-850mb off
    the Gulf is providing orthogonal WAA ascent intersection with this
    boundary. CIRA LPW denotes moisture extends to a deeper volume to
    5H along the confluent western edge of the subtropical ridge with
    TPW values to 1.75" within a narrow ribbon across the Western FL
    panhandle into the S AL. The higher than normal theta-e air
    supports MLCAPEs to 1500 J/kg for vigorous thunderstorm
    development and with increasing low level veering but increasing
    flow supports some back-building component for additional upstream redevelopment ahead of the larger scale trof/cold front, through
    the evening.

    Current RADAR mosaic and GOES-E satellite loops shows maturing
    convection along this boundary. Rain rates are starting to reach
    2"/hr. While deep layer flow is not oriented for ideal training,
    there is sufficient cross track, especially given upstream
    redevelopment potential (as noted by new cells in vicinity of
    Mobile Bay). Limiting factors are driven by anomalously dry
    conditions (less than 15% of normal across the region for the last
    month or so per AHPS) resulting in 0-40cm soil saturation below
    20% across much of the area of concern making FFG values seem
    representative. 3hr FFG values in the 3-4" range may be
    difficult but with some of the repeat/back-building nature, there
    is some potential for 3-4" localized spots through the evening
    hours across SE AL into far Southwest GA. Given rates may surge
    to 2"/hr with 1-1.5"/15 min value per HRRR solutions, limited
    infiltration still may result across harder dry soil conditions
    resulting in increased run-off. As such, flash flooding is
    considered possible though likely widely scattered and localized.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!umXzQvHEqanwxUjlhgXzo5K6mQ85CVAWo-T9Zp48CFcxM-pxU0tzlWfrupTPyAzA8AzS= QZ7O$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 32578491 32428455 31938431 31398464 31048550=20
    30948636 30828760 31078791 31578738 32148637=20
    32468558=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 18 23:36:33 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1639870597-42186-412
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    AWUS01 KWNH 182336
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-190535-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1160
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    635 PM EST Sat Dec 18 2021

    Areas affected...portions of the Southeast

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 182335Z - 190535Z

    Summary...Heavy rainfall is expected to continue in southern AL
    and spread farther into GA and the FL panhandle with time. Hourly
    rain totals to 2" with local amounts to 4" are expected.

    Discussion...A shortwave moving across AL has caused a batch of
    heavy rainfall over southern AL which is spreading into GA. A
    second, much stronger system aloft is moving east across TX and
    driving a cold front eastward. Precipitable water values in the
    area are 1.5-1.7" per regional GPS data. Inflow at 850 hPa is
    west-southwest at 20-30 kts, near the magnitude of the mean
    850-400 hPa wind and effective bulk shear. This has fostered
    short, training convective bands at times today which have brought
    hourly rain totals to at least 2" per radar estimates.

    The AL shortwave should force ongoing convection eastward across
    AL, GA, and the FL Panhandle with time. Meanwhile, other
    convection farther west is looking to threaten areas in southern
    AL which have received 3-6" of rain during the past 24 hours,
    continuing their heavy rain threat for areas around Mobile towards
    06z/midnight CST. Which there have been patches/narrow swaths of
    heavy rain, a good portion of the area has been dry over the past
    couple weeks. In those locations, urban areas should see the
    greatest impact from hourly rain totals to 2" and local amounts to
    4". Since the guidance isn't showing great agreement as to
    whether AL or GA will be the maximum in rainfall totals, and
    considering recent dryness in much of the area, flash
    flooding/heavy rain related issues are expected to be sporadic
    rather that widespread.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!t5c9R4-C8JnN8anCAYXowt7XR_fUa1Sl_NnucT52AT0YfehRNt51cutdgheCjIpNCf_9= df-d$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...CAE...FFC...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 33388238 31618375 30148518 30518672 30758831=20
    31608742 32118647 32538615 32888503=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 19 05:40:32 2021
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    ------------=_1639892439-42186-563
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    AWUS01 KWNH 190540
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-191100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1161
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1239 AM EST Sun Dec 19 2021

    Areas affected...eastern FL Panhandle, northern FL into southern
    GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 190535Z - 191100Z

    Summary...Locally heavy rain may support localized flash flooding
    across the eastern FL Panhandle into northern FL and southern GA.
    Hourly rainfall totals of 1-2 inches, locally higher, could
    support up to 4 inches of additional rainfall through 11Z.

    Discussion...05Z surface analysis revealed an eastward moving cold
    front over central AL along with a slow-moving, elongated outflow
    boundary, stretching from central SC into southwestern GA and the
    eastern FL Panhandle. GPS data showed precipitable water values
    between 1.3 and 1.7 inches within 1000-1500 J/kg MLCAPE across the
    FL Panhandle (05Z SPC mesoanalysis). Thunderstorms were ongoing
    along the outflow boundary, which was oriented similarly to the
    deeper-layer mean flow from the southwest, supporting short term
    training of heavy rain. Radar-derived rainfall rates were 1-2
    in/hr in the vicinity of the tri-state region of AL/GA/FL as of
    05Z.

    Water vapor imagery showed a shortwave upstream across the Lower
    Mississippi Valley, which is progged to translate east over the
    next 6 hours. RAP forecasts show an increase in 850 mb wind speeds
    along the eastern Gulf into the southeast through 11Z as the
    shortwave approaches. Diffluent flow aloft is expected to enhance
    vertical motions within the unstable and moist environment.
    Convective intensity is expected to reinvigorate over the next few
    hours across the region with continued periods of training
    containing hourly rainfall totals between 1-2 inches, although the
    environment could support locally higher rates if training were
    able to persist longer. Localized flash flooding will be possible,
    although high flash flood guidance values of 3-5 inches in 3 hours
    will likely limit any runoff issues to urban areas.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vEeWM_45J3APPPunLkPJWOH9q8uYtzK8jHvIV_qJ5DloKUe-n4ARz_5MoLl2ub8RIuj0= FGwJ$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JAX...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 31558392 31488334 31258310 30848307 30408354=20
    30218378 30008425 29708502 29788562 30218611=20
    30898567 31388463=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 20 22:25:03 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640039108-42186-1313
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    AWUS01 KWNH 202224
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-210423-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1162
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    524 PM EST Mon Dec 20 2021

    Areas affected...portions of east-central and northeast FL

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 202223Z - 210423Z

    Summary...Short, training bands of heavy rain are possible within
    an area of low-level convergence with sufficient instability,
    ample effective bulk shear, and sufficient moisture. Hourly
    totals to 2.5" with local amounts to 5" are possible over the next
    several hours.

    Discussion...An unstable environment north of a front caused by
    cooler air aloft advecting over the Gulf Stream is focusing shower
    and thunderstorm activity with heavy rainfall in and near southern
    Brevard County along and near a zone of low-level convergence both
    at the surface and at 850 hPa near the warm front intersection
    with that level, occasionaly reaching 3" an hour. MU CAPE of
    500-1500 J/kg exists here. Precipitable water values of 1.5-1.75"
    lie across this area, along with effective bulk shear near 50 kts.
    The low-level flow currently completely opposes the mean flow in
    this area, which has led to slow motions to any warm topped
    convection that has formed. While activity is trying to align
    into a couple short bands at the present time, a mesocyclone did
    spin up earlier due to the effective bulk shear present.

    The low-level flow is expected to veer with time as a surface low
    in the central Gulf of Mexico approaches from the west. This
    should act to focus locally heavy rainfall northward with time
    across Cape Canaveral. The mesoscale guidance isn't cohesive with
    local amounts nor does it perfectly align locationwise. However,
    there is a modest signal for local amounts of 3-5" which could
    occur where short bands set up and train for an hour or two or in
    the vicinity of any mesocyclones. Since it has been dry lately,
    any possible issues would be restricted to urban areas and would
    be isolated.

    Roth

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vyRtzvN5R7_Stk3i7X6mL-HX_DbOSspnAL1f31AEwPE2I_oyKhdl4xjKkT8M6C2dEmJo= BIfi$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MLB...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 29098093 28938070 28608053 28408046 28158049=20
    27628033 27618058 27758082 28528107=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 21 09:30:41 2021
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    AWUS01 KWNH 210930
    FFGMPD
    FLZ000-211500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1163
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    429 AM EST Tue Dec 21 2021

    Areas affected...western and southwestern Florida peninsula

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 210926Z - 211500Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible across the
    urban corridor of western/southwestern Florida Peninsula through
    15Z. Heavy rainfall with hourly totals of 2-3 inches may support
    isolated rainfall totals of 3-5 inches.

    Discussion...GOES East Proxy Visible satellite imagery from CIRA
    helped estimate the position of a surface low in the Gulf of
    Mexico, located roughly 160 miles WSW of SRQ at 09Z, tracking ENE
    at ~30 kt. This low and its attendant fronts were associated with
    a strong shortwave tracking across the Lower Mississippi Valley.
    Widespread convection was located just north of the low on 10.3
    micron imagery and KTBW reflectivity showed several stronger cores
    making their way toward the west coast of Florida. Blended TPW
    imagery showed precipitable water values between the surface low
    and Florida Peninsula to be between 1.6 and 1.9 inches, with an
    estimated 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE located south of the associated
    warm front according to the 09Z SPC mesoanalysis.

    Extrapolation of colder cloud tops from infrared imagery and
    matching to the past few runs of the HRRR showed some of the
    heaviest rainfall should arrive between Tampa Bay and Charlotte
    Harbor between 11-12Z. The heavy rain will coincide with increased
    instability from Tampa to Naples as the warm front lifts north. To
    the north of the low, instability is expected to be lower compared
    to farther south, but the duration of moderate to heavy rain could
    be longer than locations to the south of Tampa Bay. While dry
    antecedent conditions and sandy soils generally limit the flash
    flood threat from even 3 to 5 inches of rain in a short amount of
    time, these rainfall totals atop the urban corridor between Tampa
    and Naples may produce localized flash flooding from transient
    episodes of training heavy rain.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r0FH-QjwqnceGSMWHtaXANH65dTSDT7eJgvRC9OhK8hmQGzFMqHwAsFTBoVAHuc9kLoo= UN3_$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...MFL...TBW...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 28548260 28398232 27798218 27328195 26768170=20
    26178148 25998174 26188216 26468242 27288283=20
    27938304 28408296=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 23 17:37:15 2021
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    ------------=_1640281037-48258-432
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    AWUS01 KWNH 231737
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-232335-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1164
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1236 PM EST Thu Dec 23 2021

    Areas affected...Central California Coast into Southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 231735Z - 232335Z

    Summary...Localized flash flood potential will exist into the
    afternoon across portions of the central and southern California
    coasts, along an Atmospheric River than will continue to drop
    south. Isolated rainfall rates between 0.50-0.75" are anticipated,
    particularly toward the Transverse Ranges by 20Z.

    Discussion...The latest GOES West Water Vapor and IR imagery show
    the main axis of the warm conveyor belt (WCB) migrating toward the central-southern CA coast. Current MRMS and observational data
    show areas of peak hourly rainfall amounts generally between 0.25
    to 0.50", with a few heavier rates. Expect the short term rainfall
    rains to pick up a bit into the afternoon as the deep-layer
    moisture flux becomes better organized/focused ahead of the
    positively-tilted mid-upper level trough. Peak integrated water
    vapor transport or IVT values between 500-750 kg/m/s are expected
    as the AR drops farther south towards the Transverse Ranges, with
    850 mb moisture flux anomalies expected to range between 3 and 4
    standard deviations above normal for late December per the GEFS.

    These factors, along with TPW values between 1-1.2" and and
    MUCAPEs between 100-250 j/kg, will support occasional hourly
    rainfall rates of 0.50-0.75" into the afternoon along the central
    CA Coast into Southern CA, as supported by the 12Z HREF exceedance probabilities. Per the consensus among the high-resolution CAMs,
    maximum total rainfall through 00Z will average between 2 and 3
    inches, with locally higher amounts. Flash flooding will therefore
    be possible, particularly over burn scars and in urban areas.

    Hurley

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tnQ0NFF72FRj7C1VmwDH2cFnSA2PF4IPPIkwFIcxZDoC-IGcSBCJYHJU57ZctYAd_-i2= DKbn$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LOX...MTR...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36482168 35892100 35342032 34911963 34611879=20
    34221855 34011875 33971908 34281982 34342071=20
    35052103 35542142 36352193=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 24 00:01:51 2021
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    ------------=_1640304113-48258-523
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    AWUS01 KWNH 240001
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-240800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1165
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    700 PM EST Thu Dec 23 2021

    Areas affected...Southern California Coastal Ranges

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 240000Z - 240800Z

    SUMMARY...Heavy rains will continue to overspread the southern
    California coastal ranges heading through the evening hours. Some
    runoff problems and concerns for localized flash flooding cannot
    be ruled out for the area burn scars.

    DISCUSSION...Atmospheric river conditions continue to settle south
    down across the southern California as a positively-tilted upper
    trough offshore of the West Coast gradually pivots east and
    increasingly interacts with an axis of mid and high-level
    subtropical moisture lifting northeast from west of the Baja
    California Peninsula.

    In fact, the latest NESDIS Blended-TPW imagery shows a nose of PWs
    near 1.25 inches approaching the Transverse Ranges of southern
    California. This is being aided by deep layer southwest flow and a
    low-level jet of 30 to 40 kts. IVT values are currently in the 500
    to 700 kg/m/s range across this region with an orthogonal
    orientation relative to the coastal ranges. This moisture
    transport and favorable orographic ascent should foster rather
    heavy rainfall rates going through the evening hours across
    portions of Santa Barbara, and especially Ventura and Los Angeles
    counties. Western San Bernadino county will also see enhanced rain
    rates.

    Some hourly rainfall amounts are expected to reach into the 0.50"
    to 0.75" range and the favored ranges will include the Santa
    Monica, San Gabriel and San Bernadino mountains with additional
    rainfall totals going through 06Z of as much as 2 to 3+ inches.

    Heavy rains will also be increasingly impacting areas farther
    south including Orange, western Riverside, and San Diego counties
    as the deeper moisture axis/atmospheric river plume settles
    farther down the coast. The Santa Ana mountains and adjacent
    Peninsular Range will see rainfall rates increasing to near and
    perhaps locally over a 0.50"/hour with the Peninsular Range
    generally seeing much this occur late in the evening. Additional
    rains are expected to continue then going into the overnight
    period as the core of the offshore upper trough axis continues to
    approach.

    Given the increasing rain rates and relatively high storm totals
    heading into the overnight period. Some runoff problems will be
    possible, and this will include at least a localized concern for
    flash flooding involving the more sensitive burn scar areas.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!r0P73YTBznlHG2MYJVyelQ7lAUTNmZgwZzSlOr5g5EVHm_-NHMQB_pjCTk15lO9w1x6h= zACj$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LOX...SGX...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34821960 34551831 34181686 33271655 32621633=20
    32551704 33071750 33651840 33961898 34161977=20
    34542021=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 24 06:50:23 2021
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    ------------=_1640328630-48258-635
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    AWUS01 KWNH 240650
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-241600-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1166
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    149 AM EST Fri Dec 24 2021

    Areas affected...Southern California...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 240700Z - 241600Z

    SUMMARY...Waning 6-12 hours of heavy rainfall threat as mean axis
    of deep moisture translates south into Old Mexico and downstream
    into Arizona. Occasional .5"/hr rates pose possible debris flows
    and flash flooding.=20

    DISCUSSION... 00z NKX at 1.15" breaks the old TPW value at 1.10",
    but has increased since then as regional GPS Network observations
    in the 1.2-1.4" range across the California Bight into the
    southern California mountain ranges (.7-.9"), though are slowly
    reducing at this hour as the core shifts south. Regional Radar
    shows this axis directed at the US/Mexico boarder; however, the
    plume of enhanced moisture still extends northwest through the
    channel islands and into LA county to SW San Bernadino county. So
    with increasing low level flow due to the approach of
    shortwave/height-falls, integrated vapor transport values are
    expected to increase from 600 kg/m/s to about 750 kg/m/s before
    slipping south of the border (further increasing to about 1000
    kg/m/s); so to go along with record moisture, values are also
    records but with incredible 6-10 standard anomalies.

    RAP analysis/forecast supported by upstream VWP suggests a slight
    veering with the 7-85H boundary increasing convergence along the
    upwind edge of the plume. As such continued favorable orographic
    ascent with potential of .33-.5"/hr rain rates into the peninsular
    range and eastern San Bernadino range with strengthening 85-7H
    flow to 50-60kts over the next few hours. HRRR forecasts have
    been favorable with the edge in timing and suggest back edge
    timing into San Diego county terrain by 16-17z. The positive news
    duration is likely to be limited to the next 8-12hrs. In total an
    additional 2-3" totals are possible for these southern portions
    with 1.5-2.5" further north in terrain; with lower valleys and
    coastal areas up to 1" remain possible. Debris flows and rock
    slides have been reported with similar rates over the last few
    hours, so would expect the potential to continue through this time
    period. As such, possible flash flooding tag has been added to
    the MPD.

    Off-shore shortwave near 34N125W is tracking toward the California
    Bight quickly and will support cold air-advection aloft and
    steepen lapse rates for some cold-shallow cells, but with limited
    moisture to work with post-85H front...cores will be small and
    limited but may still result in isolated enhancement of any
    ongoing flooding concerns though 18-20z.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tK6Taws4u1sa0n20M6bWC-0GnSBdVwcJYYTyYb6I8q9I3fgGPFEim_q3fP76ruB4qJxG= WnIi$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LOX...SGX...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34481742 34331677 33721625 32661620 32441695=20
    32431778 32741869 33481840 34111790=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 24 07:59:55 2021
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    ------------=_1640332802-48258-657
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    AWUS01 KWNH 240759
    FFGMPD
    AZZ000-241700-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1167
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    259 AM EST Fri Dec 24 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest Arizona and Mogollon Rim...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 240800Z - 241700Z

    DISCUSSION...An anomalous atmospheric river is bleeding moisture
    into Arizona bringing near record moisture and flux into southwest
    facing terrain through the morning. Uncommon rainfall totals pose
    some runoff issues for burn scars.

    SUMMARY...NESDIS Blended TPW depicts a narrowing but focused plume
    of anomalous moisture directed and southern California and
    northern Baja California and across the Lower Colorado River
    reaching southwest slopes of the Mogollon Rim. GPS network has
    shown this steady increase with values reaching late December
    records along the Rim into the San Francisco Plateau and across
    southeast Arizona as well. TPW values of .75 to .8" are measured
    near FGZ, nearing .9" at TUS, and 1.15 near YUM where RAOB records
    would suggest these would be daily record values. Combine this
    with deep and strengthening southwesterly flow due to strong
    upstream height-falls, integrated vapor transport values are
    starting to increase to 750 kg/m/s which is 8-12 standard
    anomalies and well above records for this time of year; given 7H
    values of 45-50kts. 00z GFS even suggests values nearing 1000
    kg/m/s into southeast AZ by 18z, further expanding on this highly
    uncommon rainfall event.=20=20=20

    This is currently supporting .15-.25"/hr rates across the mountain
    ranges of cF=DCDentral Mohave county with 1.65" already measured at
    Truxton Canyon (RAWS), AZ. Veering low level flow with the
    approach of the 85-7H frontal boundary across the California
    deserts will change the angle of best orographic ascent as the
    plume slides southeastward crossing the state from west to east
    from 10-16z and shifting the focus southeastward as well. HREF
    probabilities of 1-2" in 3hrs increase to 40-50% and 15-20%,
    respectively from 15-18z across west-southwest terrain in E
    Yavapai, S Coconino and E Gila counties, providing increased
    confidence for highly anomalous rainfall totals for this time of
    year potentially excessive, particularly across sensitive burn
    scar areas. Most of the area will likely consider this beneficial
    given rates are going to be .25-.33"/hr, but some Hi-Res CAMs
    suggest isolated peaks of .5"/hr so it is not impossible to see
    some increased run-off or flooding concerns by late morning, will
    consider categorize this MPD as heavy rainfall typically
    associated with an atmospheric river.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!tEDuBftUhlx6jjUtNYmF88tWjYSj659pgi_i_nYFn9N_7u-XXc_mGRVSevhPPiBgS_m6= QIRE$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FGZ...PSR...TWC...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36291355 36191242 34851097 33710956 32491005=20
    32591136 33751206 34471380 35431420=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 24 16:57:30 2021
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    ------------=_1640365056-48258-919
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    AWUS01 KWNH 241657
    FFGMPD
    AZZ000-NVZ000-CAZ000-242130-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1168
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1155 AM EST Fri Dec 24 2021

    Areas affected...Northwest AZ

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 241655Z - 242130Z

    SUMMARY...Heavy showers are expected to develop and cross the
    region over the next few hours with sufficiently high rainfall
    rates that will pose at least a localized flash flood threat. This
    will especially be the case for any burn scar locations.

    DISCUSSION...The latest GOES visible satellite imagery shows an
    area of expanding convective tops with heavy showers crossing
    areas of southern CA, far southern NV, and extreme northwest AZ as
    a vigorous shortwave trough advances quickly east into the
    Southwest U.S. Steepening mid-level lapse rates in conjunction
    with modest diurnal heating at the surface should foster
    sufficient CAPE (albeit modest) for areas of convection to expand
    in coverage over the next few hours as the energy advances
    downstream. Robust upper-level jet dynamics and associated
    diffluent flow aloft will also be supporting this expansion and
    general intensification of convection going through the late
    morning and midday time frame.

    While the overall deeper layer moisture axis associated with the
    earlier atmospheric river set-up is quickly pulling away to the
    east, the uptick in instability and shortwave dynamics will allow
    for these convective elements to be capable of producing heavy
    rainfall rates. In fact, the 12Z HREF probabilities are quite high
    (60% to 70%) for seeing some 0.50"+/hour rainfall rates over
    Mohave County in particular just after 18Z as this convection
    evolves. The Flag Fire Burn Scar in the Hualapai Mountains will be
    a particularly sensitive location that will need to be closely
    monitored for enhanced runoff concerns and localized flash
    flooding as these heavier rainfall rates arrive.

    Radar imagery already shows some linearly banded showers evolving
    with the approach of the upstream shortwave and this suggests that
    even some brief training of convective cells could occur as well
    that would further enhance the short-term rainfall potential. The
    latest HREF guidance and recent HRRR runs suggests some additional
    spotty 1 to 2 inch rainfall totals going through 21Z over
    northwest AZ as the energy and shower activity crosses the region.
    Any of the area burn scars will by far be the most suceptible to
    hydrologic concerns over the next few hours, but by later in the
    afternoon, the threat for runoff problems and flash flooding will
    diminish as the aforementioned energy pulls away from the region.

    Orrison

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sab4IXPS9B8Z9F4s-O9P9I6ShST-RdfL7dkRl2sE_nxmxMzXjP12zeKkAedgugCg-4X-= t4wG$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FGZ...VEF...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36921276 36621219 36011199 34941257 34451334=20
    34471420 34951466 35291477 35941453 36751361=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 29 03:31:16 2021
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    ------------=_1640748681-74861-317
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    AWUS01 KWNH 290331
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-290830-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1169
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1030 PM EST Tue Dec 28 2021

    Areas affected...Northern AL...Northeast MS...Southeast TN...Ext
    Northwest GA...

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 290330Z - 290830Z

    SUMMARY...Low-end localized flash flooding possible given upstream redevelopment and favorable training environment overnight...

    DISCUSSION...CIRA LPW and RAP analysis depict a narrow ribbon of
    enhanced sub-tropical theta-E air that originated off the western
    Caribbean and as steadily tracked across SE LA int MS before
    angling northeastward into the northern stream across N AL.=20
    Deeper moisture with total PWat values of 1.45" from 00z JAN RAOB
    with max values near 1.5-1.6 in MS to 1.3" across N AL nosing into
    SE TN. As alluded to, the warmer air also supports modest CAPEs
    with MLCAPE up to 1000 just west of the q-axis with values nosing
    to 500 J/kg downstream. 925-85H layer veering of 30 to 40 kts
    supports ample moisture convergence to spark convection across
    this overlapping instability and moisture axes with instantaneous
    rates over 2"/hr possible, though with cell motions likely
    limiting to a narrow swath of 1.25"/hr totals, perhaps highly
    localized to 1.5". The length of the deep moisture convergence is
    also generally parallel to the deep unidirectional steering flow
    from 800-3H, supporting a favorable training environment. As
    such, HRRR solutions, which have been depicting the development in
    recent runs, suggest 2-3" totals are locally possible in best
    repeating, particularly across N AL into SE TN.

    A limiting factor would be the area being in a general drought,
    with 0-40cm soil saturation ratios below normal AoA 10-20% of
    normal with AHPS 14-day and 30-day anomalies both below 20%.=20
    Still, both hourly and 3hrly values are just at the threshold of
    the FFG values in the area especially from Chickasaw, MS to Monroe
    county AL (which may be a bit north of the current trending axis),
    and a few observations of near over 1" in N AL with the initial
    cells in the last few hours suggest the flash flooding threat is
    at least non-zero and even OU FLASH unit stream flows are starting
    to get into the 2 cms/km^2 ranges. As such, sifting through all
    the evidence, there is a possible low-end localized flash flooding
    risk through 09z. At best this rainfall is setting the stage for
    greater potential into later day Wednesday, with the next wave.

    Gallina

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oek1haCecrQWNxfb8h7IvPfS1zR0Ul-eSnatFaSOFJlEgLfY7GJDLi_01Jno4b7ociXk= uUHv$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...HUN...JAN...MEG...MRX...OHX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35818444 35148447 34338611 33698725 33558765=20
    33438827 33578883 34068873 34428826 35348645=20
    35698537=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 29 17:50:21 2021
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    ------------=_1640800229-74861-677
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    AWUS01 KWNH 291750
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-ARZ000-300000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1170
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1249 PM EST Wed Dec 29 2021

    Areas affected...central/southern Arkansas, southwestern
    Tennessee, northern Mississippi

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 291748Z - 300000Z

    Summary...A gradual increase in coverage of convection will lead
    to locally excessive rainfall and potential flash flooding
    initially in Arkansas before spreading eastward/downstream into
    the Mid-South through 00Z.

    Discussion...Earlier, weakly forced convection across northern
    Mississippi produced locally heavy rainfall in areas northeast of
    Grenada, MS this morning. That convection has now shifted
    northeastward toward the Tennessee Valley. Additional convection
    continued to expand in coverage an intensity acros central and
    southwestern Arkansas currently. These storms are being
    influenced by convergence on the nose of strong low-level flow
    near an east-west surface boundary draped across the state. An
    additional weak mid-level impulse was also likely providing lift
    and resulting in increasingly heavy rain rates. Some of the
    heavier convection in the short term has evolved just north of the
    surface boundary, which has resulted in areas of 1-2 inch/hr rain
    rates near Little Rock. The short term scenario continues to
    support the locally heavier rainfall especially where
    training/repeating can occur. Although rates are just shy of
    1-hour FFGs, localized/sensitive areas could experience
    runoff/flash-flood issues.

    Over time, high-resolution guidance suggest that ongoing
    convection will continue to expand in coverage while exhibiting
    loose organization into clusters/linear segments amid mostly zonal
    flow aloft. While any forward propagation would result in lower
    residence time of heaviest rain rates in any one given location,
    areas of training could contribute to 1-3 inches of rainfall in a
    short amount of time (around 1 hour or so), which could lead to
    flash flooding. Of particular concern is the potential for
    organized convection to develop and train over areas that
    experienced appreciable rainfall from convection last night and
    this morning across portions of north-central and northeastern
    Mississippi. These areas are a bit more sensitive and will likely
    require less rainfall to cause flash flooding.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!p5w3lx9o8priVY9hhcs1nfX9roA5CPEnlE4PjiNL4tPDXMmj_CiJuyT5CwM9qg7ASw6h= 5fNR$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...JAN...LZK...MEG...SHV...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35398982 35278869 34918818 34128818 33518945=20
    33199137 33089324 33219394 33579384 34739298=20
    35139160=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 29 21:12:56 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640812381-74861-745
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 292112
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-ARZ000-300310-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1171
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    412 PM EST Wed Dec 29 2021

    Areas affected...portions of the Mid-South into southern Middle
    Tennessee and northern Alabama

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 292110Z - 300310Z

    Summary...Convection continues to evolve into a mix of linear
    segments and cells with localized training. A localized
    flash-flood risk will continue with this activity through the
    evening.

    Discussion...A mix of forward-propagating lines and cellular
    convection was associated with an enlarging convective complex
    this afternoon across the Mid-South. The highest rain rates were
    associated with a forward-propagating complex north of Memphis
    approaching Jackson, TN. These 1-3 inch/hr rain rates are
    expected to persist for at least another 1-2 hours or so while
    translating eastward toward portions of Middle Tennessee given the well-organized nature of this portion of the convective complex.=20
    These localized rain rates could cause excessive runoff. The lack
    of surface instability northeast of this complex casts some doubt
    on the longevity of this part of the convective complex and
    whether it could reach areas near Nashville/Murfreesboro.

    A slightly greater risk of training cells and associated flash
    flooding will continue to gradually increase across portions of
    northern Mississippi. In these areas, cells are more favorably
    oriented in a southwest-to-northeast fashion from near Monticello,
    AR to near Holly Springs, MS and their eastward translation is a
    bit slower compared to areas farther north. A localized flash
    flood risk will continue in these areas - especially if cells can
    continue to train/repeat while affecting areas that experienced
    the heavier rainfall overnight last night and this morning from
    near Grenada to Columbus.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!ohtEh4QpjZgVYP2pOn82OXu0EDzhWW-6e-_2JaR96ZYW-zw0sNGznMOTjLAqPVnErfFn= 7-mI$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...HUN...JAN...LZK...MEG...OHX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35868821 35848694 35668625 35238587 34658624=20
    33958726 33328884 33269044 33319185 33319240=20
    33789205 34489104 35029018 35618941=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 03:32:24 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640835148-74861-905
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 300332
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-300930-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1172
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1031 PM EST Wed Dec 29 2021

    Areas affected...eastern MS, central AL, western GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 300330Z - 300930Z

    Summary...The potential for flash flooding will persist across
    portions of eastern MS into central AL and western GA through 09Z
    Periods of training convection will contain rainfall rates of 1-2
    in/hr and may produce 2-4 inch totals over the next 6 hours.

    Discussion...03Z radar imagery showed a northeast to southwest
    oriented axis of thunderstorms extending from eastern TN into
    north-central AL and east-central MS. A couple of discrete cells
    were found south of the line across AL but convection was mostly
    forward propagating with only transient periods of training
    supporting MRMS-derived rainfall of 1-2 inches in an hour.
    Infrared satellite imagery indicated cloud tops that continued to
    cool across the region, working within 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE along
    and south of the ongoing storms as well as precipitable water
    values of 1.3 to 1.6 inches per the 03Z SPC mesoanalysis.

    Deep-layered southwest flow over the Gulf Coast States will
    continue to favor cell motions off toward the ENE, while 30-45 kt
    of 850 mb winds will continue to supply ample moisture and
    instability into eastern MS, central AL and western GA. Given the
    supply of instability, convection is expected to persist across
    the region through the night with new development over MS into
    western AL propagating toward the ENE. Where bowing segments of
    convective lines allows the line orientation to match the
    deeper-layer mean wind, training of convection between 1-2 inches
    in an hour is likely, perhaps locally above 2 inches/hour. Flash
    flooding will be possible given the potential for 2-3 inches in
    2-3 hours and 2-4 inches by 09Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!s5OI-VnOu99vv7-kvLafXoICJkdS5ZCFslRUwfQgWuTIzgH756cowu5SrXjeeGrKkvuW= hLez$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...JAN...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34318476 34248431 33948402 33538401 33148429=20
    32998494 32798616 32658710 32578805 32558875=20
    32778914 33098919 33328900 33408848 34008624=20
    34238560=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 06:48:29 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640846914-74861-963
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    AWUS01 KWNH 300648
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-301800-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1173
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    147 AM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Areas affected...Southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 300646Z - 301800Z

    Summary...Increasing rainfall intensity will likely begin to
    impact the Transverse Ranges of southern CA within the next few
    hours and continue through 15Z. Hourly rainfall totals between 0.5
    and 1.0 inches are expected in both coastal and inland locations.
    Overlap of these rates with burn scar areas could lead to flash
    flooding and debris flows.

    Discussion...Loops of water vapor imagery through 06Z showed a
    positively tilted trough axis off of the CA coast, in the process
    of closing off a low near 33N 125W. Blended TPW imagery and RAP
    analysis data showed a plume of 0.8 to 1.0 inch precipitable water
    values located southeast of the upper low, pointed into southern
    CA from Ventura County to Orange County. Moderate to occasionally
    heavy rain has been found across the region where 850 mb winds
    measured between 20-30 kt, roughly orthogonal to the Transverse
    Ranges. Trends in infrared satellite imagery have also shown
    cooling cloud tops over the past 3-6 hours, coincident with higher
    reflectivity on local radars.

    Short term forecasts from the RAP show that the mid-level low will
    continue the process of closing off from the main branch of the
    westerlies while translating southward through 18Z. Given the
    orientation of the 500 mb trough, this movement will allow colder
    500 mb temperatures to overspread the southern CA coast, and
    support increasing 700-500 mb lapse rates to near 7 C/km. This
    process will generate a relatively shallow instability profile
    that is forecast to extend up 4-5 km AGL with MUCAPE values up to
    500 J/kg late tonight into Thursday morning for the coast. Subtle
    increases in the low level wind along with increasing diffluence
    aloft will generate increasing intensity of rainfall with perhaps
    some embedded thunder as well. Rainfall totals are expected to
    climb into the 0.5 to 1.0 in/hr range at times, both along the
    coast and into the foothills of the Transverse Ranges below snow
    levels rising to around 6000 ft AGL after 12Z. Higher rainfall
    rates atop burn scars may lead to flash flooding and debris flows,
    with localized 12 hour rainfall in the 3-5 inch range through late
    morning.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uJqdzHXBKp8_znc75rDil96DzYVtMpkR4UPxs4nSQQ0FuVsS5x4DuMNqQaNOIykNTrDG= zSVe$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LOX...SGX...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34761875 34741863 34681843 34611827 34531816=20
    34481801 34431781 34421761 34351747 34341724=20
    34281702 34241693 34161690 34151693 34111694=20
    34051688 34031688 33911697 33781728 33661743=20
    33371774 33241844 33591909 34111926 34401924=20
    34621919 34741908 34751894=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 09:54:04 2021
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    ------------=_1640858052-74861-1022
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    AWUS01 KWNH 300953
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-301500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1174
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    453 AM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Areas affected...eastern MS into central AL and north-central GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 300952Z - 301500Z

    Summary...Training of thunderstorms will continue a threat for
    flash flooding from eastern MS into central AL and north-central
    GA through 14Z. An additional 1 to 3 inches is expected.

    Discussion...0915Z radar imagery showed recent convective
    development across portions of central MS and north-central AL,
    located within a WSW to ENE oriented axis of precipitable water
    values of 1.5 to 1.7 inches. The development appears to be due in
    part to lift out ahead of an upstream shortwave over eastern
    OK/TX. The 09Z SPC mesoanalysis continued to show ample
    instability in place across central/southern MS/AL with 500-1500
    J/kg MLCAPE. The environment remains favorable for training and
    repeating cells given steering flow is parallel to an axis of
    lower level confluence in the 925-850 mb layer.

    Hourly rainfall totals over the past few hours have generally
    peaked in the 1-2 in/hr range, but locally higher values have been
    observed in north-central AL earlier in the night. As the
    shortwave over the Southern Plains continues to advance ENE this
    morning, additional convective development is expected from
    central MS into AL. While the front draped across the Lower
    Mississippi Valley should begin to push eastward, little change to
    the environment is anticipated within the warm sector of the
    frontal system over the next 3-6 hours. As coverage increases,
    training segments of heavy rain from WSW to ENE are likely to
    produce 1-2 inches of rain in an hour (locally higher), with 2-3
    inches possible in 2-3 hours. There could also be some overlap of
    rainfall occurring with 1 to 2.5 inches of rain which has fallen
    across portions of central AL over the past 6-9 hours. Localized
    flash flooding will remain a concern through at least 15Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rB1j1B2wdL9MdrEuq1jeis-T3umd3K4727xV4wgWE_YDMJyMcS3rrfpi29VCRpb9rKTh= w2_h$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...JAN...MOB...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34118382 33848288 33348278 33178338 32888538=20
    32408681 32058824 32238898 32698906 33228870=20
    33648770 34058564=20


    ------------=_1640858052-74861-1022
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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 10:04:34 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640858679-74861-1026
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    AWUS01 KWNH 301004
    FFGMPD
    GAZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-301500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1174...Corrected
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    503 AM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Corrected for minor rewording within summary section

    Areas affected...eastern MS into central AL and north-central GA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 300952Z - 301500Z

    Summary...Training of thunderstorms will continue to pose a threat
    for flash flooding from eastern MS into central AL and
    north-central GA through 15Z. An additional 1 to 3 inches is
    expected.

    Discussion...0915Z radar imagery showed recent convective
    development across portions of central MS and north-central AL,
    located within a WSW to ENE oriented axis of precipitable water
    values of 1.5 to 1.7 inches. The development appears to be due in
    part to lift out ahead of an upstream shortwave over eastern
    OK/TX. The 09Z SPC mesoanalysis continued to show ample
    instability in place across central/southern MS/AL with 500-1500
    J/kg MLCAPE. The environment remains favorable for training and
    repeating cells given steering flow is parallel to an axis of
    lower level confluence in the 925-850 mb layer.

    Hourly rainfall totals over the past few hours have generally
    peaked in the 1-2 in/hr range, but locally higher values have been
    observed in north-central AL earlier in the night. As the
    shortwave over the Southern Plains continues to advance ENE this
    morning, additional convective development is expected from
    central MS into AL. While the front draped across the Lower
    Mississippi Valley should begin to push eastward, little change to
    the environment is anticipated within the warm sector of the
    frontal system over the next 3-6 hours. As coverage increases,
    training segments of heavy rain from WSW to ENE are likely to
    produce 1-2 inches of rain in an hour (locally higher), with 2-3
    inches possible in 2-3 hours. There could also be some overlap of
    rainfall occurring with 1 to 2.5 inches of rain which has fallen
    across portions of central AL over the past 6-9 hours. Localized
    flash flooding will remain a concern through at least 15Z.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qoSRUlI2ICUB5BuPtJjhB-nJ-8MdahTEbSIqpBeH5GV3veUfg6QowuU5rKU6LCYM3ENm= VZqi$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...JAN...MOB...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34118382 33848288 33348278 33178338 32888538=20
    32408681 32058824 32238898 32698906 33228870=20
    33648770 34058564=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 14:33:33 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640874819-74861-1062
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable

    AWUS01 KWNH 301433
    FFGMPD
    SCZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-MSZ000-302100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1175
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    932 AM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Areas affected...central Alabama, central Georgia, far southern
    South Carolina, far east-central Mississippi

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 301430Z - 302100Z

    Summary...Occasional rain rates above 1-2 inches per hour are
    expected as storms develop and migrate eastward across the
    discussion area today. Flash flooding could occur as a result.

    Discussion...Scattered convection continues to develop and migrate
    eastward along a surface boundary located from east-central
    Mississippi to near Atlanta to near Athens. Along and south of
    the boundary, a warm, moist, and uncapped airmass (characterized
    by 2000 J/kg MUCAPE and 1.5 inch PW values) supports deep
    convection and efficient rain rates beneath the stronger storms.=20
    Forcing aloft is fairly weak, however, given zonal flow aloft.=20
    That zonal flow was also allowing convection to train/repeat over
    wet soils. Subtle 850mb convergence near the surface boundary
    should continue to support occasional convection throughout the
    day. Each of the mesoscale and synoptic factors suggest a
    continued flash flood threat through at least 21Z, with only a
    slow southward translation of the axis of higher rain rates during
    that time.

    Perhaps the highest flash flood risk will exist through 18Z today
    across northern portions of the MPD area from near Birmingham to
    near Atlanta. In these areas, FFGs are fairly low (as low as 1
    in/hr in a few spots) and soils are more susceptible to runoff.=20
    The flash flood risk should lessen thereafter, however, as
    convection migrates into areas that have been drier and are less
    sensitive to heavy rain.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!udrkSG5Gpsb1KL90aU9d7pnVkYEs84tMAooIPjMl1j2exJaHoYw8HOgew-g-aQ-yilFu= M9wv$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...CAE...CHS...FFC...JAN...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34048388 33888265 33648159 33438094 32948088=20
    32548127 32398267 32168382 31898496 31978755=20
    32118870 32398917 32608923 32818924 33198821=20
    33748672 33968501=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 17:49:07 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640886551-74861-1148
    Content-Type: text/plain
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    AWUS01 KWNH 301749
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-310000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1176
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1248 PM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Areas affected...portions of southern California

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 301800Z - 310000Z

    Summary...Areas of 0.25-0.5 inch/hr rain rates will continue
    through early afternoon, although a shift in the
    mesoscale/synoptic pattern should result in lighter rain rates
    through 00Z.

    Discussion...A weak atmospheric river event (occurring downstream
    from a weak cutoff low centered near 31N -123W) was ongoing and
    continuing to produce areas of 0.25-0.5 inch/hr rain rates from
    southern Ventura/Los Angeles Counties northward toward the
    Transverse Ranges. 1-3 inches of rainfall has fallen in these
    areas, with impacts (mud/debris flows and localized flooding)
    remaining possible in terrain-favored areas and near burn scars.

    Models and observations continue to depict the cutoff low
    responsible for the rain to slowly move southeastward toward
    northern Baja California. As this occurs, 700-850 mb flow will
    weaken and lessen the degree of orographic ascent across the
    discussion area through 00Z. This should result in decreasing
    rain rates with time along with a decreased risk of flooding
    impacts. The onset of these decreasing rain trends should begin
    between 18-21Z and remain gradual thereafter.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!smQ94IgQJKPThRPlFeU7vTKSpEqdrUuu4fhYsgdDL-Eb5OgeN6yJhJsjgsLXqDc2NUN1= CCbX$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HNX...LOX...SGX...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34931899 34751858 34381793 34051770 33901768=20
    33681772 33631794 33711840 33811887 34101947=20
    34141973 34471989 34611965=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 30 20:52:37 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640897562-74861-1269
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    AWUS01 KWNH 302052
    FFGMPD
    SCZ000-GAZ000-ALZ000-310250-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1177
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    352 PM EST Thu Dec 30 2021

    Areas affected...southern/eastern Georgia, southeastern Alabama,
    southern South Carolina

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 302050Z - 310250Z

    Summary...A limited flash flood risk continues as a convective
    complex with localized training of cells migrates
    east-southeastward through the discussion area.

    Discussion...Latest radar mosaic/MRMS imagery indicates a gradual
    decrease of rain rates with convective activity within an
    elongated band from roughly 25 S SEM to LOC to AGS along with a
    subtle increase in forward speed. A few cells within the linear
    band were training in portions of east-central Georgia, and a few
    bands of convection were gradually deepening south of the band in
    southern Georgia. Rain rates with most of the activity were
    approaching 1-1.5 inches per hour in heavier activity.=20
    Furthermore, the convection has now moved south of locations that
    had lower FFGs due to antecedent rainfall and most areas are now
    in the 2-3 inch/hr FFG thresholds. Rain rates are below these FFG
    thresholds in most areas for the time being. The orientation of
    the convection (particularly the aforementioned linear segments)
    suggests that any remaining flash flood threat through the evening
    should be limited to 1) sensitive/hydrophobic areas and/or 2)
    areas where training and/or cell mergers can locally prolong the
    higher rain rates. On the whole, the flash flood risk is becoming progressively more isolated with time.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rW8L9A95nBUP-YW_weIlkzXu0pNf5oh36MBztDxQKN_H6bEnj86ew_OzL_eqIOfbNNgo= XxOd$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...CAE...CHS...FFC...JAX...MOB...TAE...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 33548170 33318062 32918011 32118090 31578228=20
    31068342 30968416 31418475 31468559 31408636=20
    31618656 32288664 32778568 33268446 33358292=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 31 21:31:53 2021
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1640986318-74861-1586
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    AWUS01 KWNH 312131
    FFGMPD
    AZZ000-010330-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 1178
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    431 PM EST Fri Dec 31 2021

    Areas affected...central to southeastern Arizona

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 312130Z - 010330Z

    Summary...An advancing storm system over northwestern Mexico has
    initiated a few showers and thunderstorms this afternoon, with
    locally heavy rainfall and spotty/isolated flash flood risk
    expected through 03Z or so.

    Discussion...Deepening convection with a few lightning strikes
    were recently observed ahead of a compact mid/upper wave centered
    just south of the international border in northwestern Mexico.=20
    Downstream of the low, heating has allowed for surface temps to
    reach the 50s and lower 60s F, with just enough instability to
    support deep convection. Cooling/ascent associated with the
    advancing upper wave was also allowing for sufficient instability
    to support convection. The cells are in an environment
    characterized by around 500 J/kg MUCAPE and PW values ranging from
    0.6-1.0 inch - highest near the center of the mid/upper low. These
    storms should be fairly progressive given strong and generally
    unidirectional flow aloft (exceeding 70 knots at 500mb). Despite
    their forward motion, the tendency for localized training will
    exist given the nature of the convective initiation, with
    orientation in bands/linear segments and clusters possible. A
    quick 0.5-1.0 inch could fall beneath heavier cores, which could
    cause issues given 1) FFGs in the 0.5-1.5 inch/hr range and 2)
    sensitive low spots/areas with burn scars.

    High res models are not particularly aggressive with convective
    initiation in this region, and current observations are exceeding
    expectations with respect to convective coverage. Indications are
    that the maximum flash flood risk in the discussion area will
    persist for the next 4-6 hours until the mid-level wave
    responsible for the convection exits east into New Mexico.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!qy0DklGy0ZrqyNX7dLIyH5n9MUcVg-o_PykXY49--pZe4HwkQvYSjDG_BFfeQmPTygg4= g6nn$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FGZ...PSR...TWC...

    ATTN...RFC...CBRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 34981134 34591056 33650962 32670910 31780907=20
    31260927 31201035 31361122 31671204 32131223=20
    32921232 34091245 34741204=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 04:56:31 2022
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1641059138-74861-1689
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    AWUS01 KWNH 010456
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-WVZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-011000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0002
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1156 PM EST Fri Dec 31 2021

    Areas affected...far southern IN into KY and northern TN

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 010454Z - 011000Z

    Summary...Increasing convective coverage in KY through 10Z will
    likely lead to areas of training rain with 1-2 inches falling in
    an hour. Flash flooding will be possible across portions of KY
    into adjacent areas of IN and northern TN from 2-3 inches of rain.

    Discussion...A broad area of rain, extending from southeastern MO
    into the OH and TN Valleys as of 0430Z has shown an uptick in the
    degree of embedded convection, noted north of I-40 in
    north-central TN and southern KY as well as portions of northern
    KY. These storms mark the beginning of what should be a
    significant increase in convective coverage later this morning.
    Precipitable water values were already 200+ percent of normal from
    OHX to ILN via 00Z RAOBs and further increases are coming with the
    transport of higher low level moisture from the west-southwest.

    As 25-35 kt of 925-850 mb winds increase to near 50 kt by 10Z,
    according to RAP guidance, an axis of strengthening convergence,
    extending from northwestern TN into much of KY, will likely serve
    as a focus for repeating and training thunderstorms. Precipitable
    water values are forecast to increase to 1.5-1.7 inches across KY
    by recent runs of the RAP through 10Z, coupled with 500 to 1000+
    J/kg MUCAPE, which will easily allow 1-2 in/hr rainfall rates
    where heavy rain cores train. Flash flood guidance varies across
    the region but is as low as 1.5 inches in 3 hours in southern and
    eastern KY. Flash flooding will be possible through 10Z, although
    the heavy rain event is expected to continue well into New Year's
    Day.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sDDhLeNW3-XSUVonIlKoNlf9YSqgo7UQVLmVFYP_keet8PEC19P9KvFjMEUfGZzOvJhS= h7Qw$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JKL...LMK...MRX...OHX...PAH...RLX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38318280 37708212 37008240 36608339 36398510=20
    36258704 36308778 36868796 37378802 37588801=20
    38018720 38198576=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 04:06:30 2022
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1641059143-74861-1692
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    AWUS01 KWNH 010406
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-011000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0001
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1105 PM EST Fri Dec 31 2021

    Areas affected...portions of the lower Southern Plains into the
    lower OH Valley

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 010404Z - 011000Z

    Summary...Training of heavy rain is expected to affect portions of
    the eastern Red River Valley into AR and the lower OH Valley
    through at least 09Z, which could allow for some areas of flash
    flooding. Increasing convective intensity will support rainfall
    rates of 1-2 in/hr and additional 2-4 inch totals through 10Z.

    Discussion...Regional radar trends over the past hour have shown
    an increase in rainfall intensity from northern TX into
    southeastern OK and northwest AR. Low level moisture advecting
    northward has helped erode a dry layer between 850-700 mb noted on
    00Z soundings from FWD, SHV and BNA, allowing for an area of
    MUCAPE between 500-1500 J/kg across OK into AR and TN. Meanwhile,
    layered PW imagery showed mid-upper level moisture streaming
    northeastward from the tropical eastern Pacific across the
    discussion area, supporting an axis of highly anomalous moisture
    for late Dec/early Jan (near +3 standardized PW anomalies) that
    stretched from central TX into the OH Valley.

    On the leading edge of strengthening and broadening SSW 925-850 mb
    winds, forecast to reach 40-50 kt from eastern TX into southern
    AR, will be a SW to NE oriented axis of low level convergence that
    will focus bands of convection. Deeper-layer mean flow is parallel
    to the axis of convergence and a few short-lived axes of training
    thunderstorms have already been observed across eastern OK and
    western AR with KSRX estimated rates of 1-2 in/hr. Forecasts from
    the RAP show some of the stronger low level winds and convergence
    setting up between 06-08Z which is when training of heavy rain
    should be ongoing and possibly in excess of area flash flood
    guidance ranging between 2 and 3 inches in 3 hours. Through 10Z,
    rainfall totals of 2-4 inches are expected in a southwest to
    northeast stripe, but much of those totals are likely to fall in a
    2-3 hour window of time.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sgSt9DEKKlglK8MVQdKLdYAnFeHwDEwfRNJErrg9GsYBPr1lIO4sGWP1vSD4uTyqryZV= ZQkv$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...FWD...LZK...MEG...OHX...OUN...PAH...SGF...SHV...
    TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NCRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37658892 37488808 36488774 35958850 35508986=20
    34979144 34039363 33619514 33909627 34929567=20
    35739407 36239283 37189041=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 14:27:32 2022
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    ------------=_1641062019-74861-1932
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    AWUS01 KWNH 011427
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-MSZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-152100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0005
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    927 AM EST Sat Jan 01 2022

    Areas affected...much of Arkansas into far western Kentucky

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 011426Z - 152100Z

    Summary...Scattered convection continues along a stalled surface
    boundary bisecting the state of Arkansas from southwest to
    northeast. An uptick in convection is expected over time as
    another mid-level wave approaches the discussion area. An
    additional 1-2 inches of precipitation are possible today along
    with locally higher amounts.

    Discussion...A nearly-stationary outflow boundary extends from
    near DYR to near LIT to south of DEQ this morning. Along and
    north of this boundary, a band of 2-5 inch rainfall totals has
    been estimated by radar from west-central Arkansas (south of FSM)
    to northeastern Arkansas and far western Kentucky. Recent rain
    rates have decreased a bit amid a short-term lull in convective
    intensity. However, increasing ascent from a stout shortwave
    trough over Oklahoma and north Texas was quickly approaching the
    discussion area and is expected to force stronger convection (and
    higher rain rates) to repeat over some of the areas that received
    heavier rainfall last night.

    The northward extent of the heavier rain is a bit uncertain,
    however. The convective boundary may tend to lift northward
    across northeastern Arkansas through the day as subtle backing of
    850mb flow occurs. Heavier rainfall north of the boundary and
    terrain influences from the Ozarks/Ouachitas may hinder the
    northward progression of the boundary in central/western Arkansas.
    Although this boundary may focus the heaviest of rain rates just
    south of areas that experienced heavier rainfall overnight, those
    areas remain sensitive due to excessive runoff (as indicated by
    continued MRMS Flash response) from west-central to north-central
    Arkansas. Any additional rainfall in those areas will exacerbate
    any ongoing flooding issues.

    The expected convective trends should result in another 1-2 inches
    of rainfall across the discussion area today - potentially locally
    heavier where training can occur. Training is most likely to
    occur nearer the surface boundary, and higher rain rates will
    coincide with updrafts that can better access surface-based
    instability south of the boundary. Latest CAMs suggest that this
    potential is highest along an axis from near TXK to LIT to JBR.=20

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!vqzbll0z84zlpj59-w-8lXyyfl4f3kwNR-yx2NROM_G5nu5J1o-7_gLNDVaL4y1HAxX2= J8bw$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LZK...MEG...PAH...SHV...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36988914 36868870 36448867 35978924 35289006=20
    34549078 33879182 33389319 33389404 33929455=20
    34699469 35109432 35619312 36119148 36708999=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 09:29:31 2022
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    ------------=_1641060095-74861-1791
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    AWUS01 KWNH 010929
    FFGMPD
    TNZ000-KYZ000-ILZ000-MOZ000-ARZ000-TXZ000-OKZ000-011500-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0003
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    428 AM EST Sat Jan 01 2022

    Areas affected...southeastern OK into AR and the lower OH Valley

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 010926Z - 011500Z

    Summary...Continued training of heavy rain from the southern OK/AR
    border into western KY/TN is likely to continue periods of flash
    flooding through about 15Z. Rainfall rates of 1-2 in/hr and
    localized additional 2-4 inch totals can be expected where cell
    training maximizes.

    Discussion...MRMS rainfall estimates since 02Z showed 2-4 inches
    has fallen from near the Ouachita Mountains into northern AR.
    Current radar imagery across the region continues to show bands of
    heavy rain across the same regions, tracking from SW to NE but
    reflectivity values have come down near and west of the AR/OK
    border since ~08Z. Thunderstorms have been focusing on a
    well-defined 925-850 mb convergence axis that was oriented from SW
    to NE, similar to the deeper-layer steering flow directing cell
    motions. MUCAPE values have lowered over the past 3-6 hours but a
    corridor of 500-1000 J/kg remained at 09Z (via SPC mesoanalysis)
    with convection focusing along the northern edge of the CAPE
    reservoir.

    Water vapor imagery showed a shortwave entering the southern High
    Plains at 09Z, tracking toward the ENE. 925-850 mb winds are
    forecast to remain at a similar magnitude, between 40-50 kt,
    through 15Z, although the axis of convergence is expected to shift
    slowly south and east ahead of the advancing shortwave upstream.
    While there appears to be a lull in precipitation intensity across
    southeastern OK and northeastern TX at the moment, there could be
    a resurgence of heavier rain upstream as lift ahead of the High
    Plains shortwave approaches the region. Steering flow will remain
    parallel to the axis of low level convergence, continuing the
    threat for training heavy rain with rates between 1-2 in/hr due to
    the anomalous moisture in place. Additional rainfall totals of 2-3
    inches are likely, perhaps up to 4 inches where cell training
    maximizes.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!sOqSwvfFo43MqQViFLN-9rrzquNb4eY6ljoRqgGpDRVQQQxx3gYew41gDfFNPY5dToo9= DzFa$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...LZK...MEG...PAH...SHV...TSA...

    ATTN...RFC...ABRFC...LMRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37058852 36588837 36168894 35369049 34589184=20
    33879305 33519410 33699481 34679473 35279343=20
    35869226 36329118 36978947=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 10:03:04 2022
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format...

    ------------=_1641060094-74861-1790
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    AWUS01 KWNH 011002
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-WVZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-011600-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0004
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    502 AM EST Sat Jan 01 2022

    Areas affected...KY into soutern WV

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 011000Z - 011600Z

    Summary...Flash flooding will become increasingly likely through
    the rest of the morning across KY, possibly extending into
    southern WV. Training convection with rain rates of 1-2 in/hr will
    likely persist for several hours across the region, supporting
    additional rainfall totals of 2-4 inches through 16Z.

    Discussion...Regional radar imagery as of 0940Z showed repeating
    convective segments extending from the middle MS Valley into
    central KY, with training and rainfall rates between 1 to 2 inches
    per hour. The axis of training was focused along a WSW to ENE
    corridor of low level convergence, located at the leading edge of
    40-50 kt winds in the 925-850 mb layer. Deeper-layer steering flow
    was oriented similarly to the axis of convergence, supporting
    repeating and training of storms. Large scale lift was ongoing
    across Midwest out ahead of a longwave trough located over the
    western U.S., with a strengthening 150-170 kt jet max aloft placed
    above northern MO into Lower MI by the 08Z RAP. Some overlap of
    the right entrance region of the powerful jet was likely to
    enhance lift across the OH Valley.

    Short term forecasts from the HRRR and RAP indicate little
    movement to steering flow or the low level axis of convergence
    over the next 3-6 hours, which is likely to continue supporting
    repeating and training of heavy rain with 1-2 in/hr rates at
    times. Instability should maintain with 500-1000 J/kg in place
    just south of the ongoing axis of heavy rain, supplying fuel to
    storms via the ongoing low level southerly flow. Flash flooding
    appears likely through 16Z, although focusing along a relatively
    narrow corridor of central KY. Through 16Z, some heavy rain may
    also extend into southern WV as weak instability is transported
    downstream, but the threat for flash flooding appears less certain
    into WV compared to KY.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oS2CibbJIjU0PpK3FV_5aPI27yoF7GqYoK8yGy_FcR6GLahKHO6zjCbTQY1BeLh2a8r6= 3mPg$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JKL...LMK...MEG...MRX...OHX...PAH...RLX...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38438166 38338076 37738050 37238176 36718337=20
    36368567 36298735 36388824 36748846 37168866=20
    37378846 37758771 38158616 38248488 38248309=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 15:52:38 2022
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    AWUS01 KWNH 011552
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-WVZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-INZ000-ILZ000-012200-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0006
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1052 AM EST Sat Jan 01 2022

    Areas affected...much of Kentucky adn a small part of West
    Virginia

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding likely

    Valid 011600Z - 012200Z

    Summary...Scattered convection is expected to repeat over areas
    that received 2-6 inches of rain over the past 24 hours. Flash
    flooding issues (including significant impacts) will continue.

    Discussion...Latest radar mosaic indicates three convective
    regimes across the discussion area: 1) A lead, yet weakening MCS
    currently over southern West Virginia, 2) scattered, yet gradually
    deepening convection from north-central Middle Tennessee into
    southern/eastern Kentucky, and 3) an elongated MCS that was
    forward-propagating along well-organized convective outflow from
    south of SDF to near HOP. Each of these convective regimes have
    proven to be efficient rainfall producers. The lead MCS over West
    Virginia initially produced 2-6 inches of rain in an axis across southern/eastern Kentucky this morning along with extensive
    impacts. Ongoing convection continuing to traverse those areas of
    earlier rainfall continue to produce occasional 0.2-1.0 inch/hr
    rain rates. The linear MCS across western Kentucky was also
    producing rates nearing 1 inch/hour.

    Observational trends suggest that the ongoing convective regime
    should continue through the next 6 hours. The linear complex in
    western Kentucky will make gradual eastward progress into central
    Kentucky through 21Z. That eastward progression will be slow
    enough to maintain flash flood concerns - especially where earlier
    heavy rain fell. Meanwhile, towering cumulus over north-central
    Middle Tennessee will eventually mature into moderate to heavy
    rain producers while traversing areas that received abundant rain
    earlier. Continued flooding concerns are expected as a result of
    this activity along with moist soils and continued runoff based on
    recent Flash data. The flash flood risk will be highest in areas
    that have experienced earlier rainfall along a broad axis from HOP
    to BWG to JKL. Given the antecedent rainfall, wet soils, efficient
    runoff, and previously observed, significant impacts are expected.

    Cook

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!uj3KaAhG0MkyNF6IV11aXA0RyyC7NiooXchJnoMvymejn4t6xCtjNVXhXJwJmN9E6N_p= voUy$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...JKL...LMK...MEG...MRX...OHX...PAH...RLX...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...MARFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 38358448 38268283 37988168 37678045 37488031=20
    37288085 37228165 37128266 36888388 36728538=20
    36418789 36438848 36668862 36958875 37318801=20
    37808662 38248547=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 1 23:45:40 2022
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    ------------=_1641080744-74861-2491
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    AWUS01 KWNH 012345
    FFGMPD
    VAZ000-WVZ000-TNZ000-KYZ000-ALZ000-020543-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0007
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    644 PM EST Sat Jan 01 2022

    Areas affected...Northern AL, central and eastern TN, adjacent
    areas of KY,WV,VA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 012343Z - 020543Z

    Summary...Isolated to scattered flash flooding appears possible
    over the next several hours across portions of northern Alabama,
    central and eastern Tennessee, and into adjacent areas of far
    southeast Kentucky, far western Virginia, and far southern West
    Virginia. Rainfall swaths of ~1.5" in one hour, and ~2-3" in three
    hours are expected through 06z across this corridor.

    Discussion...The setup appears favorable for some southwest to
    northeast training convection through ~06z across portions of
    northern AL, into central and eastern central TN, northeastward
    into adjacent portions of KY, WV and VA. The broader pattern
    remains favorable for heavy rainfall, with PWs and integrated
    water vapor transport (IVT) both around climatological maximum
    values for early January.

    Over the next several hours low level winds are expected to
    increase over the Southeast, resulting in a continued uptick in
    moisture transport into the aforementioned region. Model guidance
    also indicates a likely tightening of the low level convergence
    axis coincident with this increasing flow. This should support an
    expansion and consolidation of convective activity, and we are
    already beginning to see this over the past hour. Instability is
    marginal, but around 500 j/kg over the area should be enough to
    sustain convective development given the very strong convergence
    in place.

    Overall, the progressive nature of the system will limit the
    residence time of heaviest rains at any one location. However
    there does appear to be a several hour period where the axis of
    strongest convergence becomes nearly stationary, from now until
    about ~05z or so. Storm motions will be parallel to this boundary,
    supporting a window of opportunity for training and potentially
    excessive rainfall.

    The 18z-21z runs of the HRRR have been pretty consistent with this
    evolution, and seem like a plausible outcome. Thus, hourly rains
    locally exceeding 1.5", and 2-3" in a few hour window seems
    probable. These areas are south of the hardest hit region from the
    past 24 hours. However portions of the MPD area still have
    streamflows and soil conditions running above average...and FFG
    seems reachable over the area. Thus the expectation is that
    isolated to scattered flash flooding could evolve over this
    corridor through about 06z...with an increase in eastward
    progression after that diminishing the threat by later tonight.

    Chenard

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pohB5USHQl0x7G5fAW76Sa2wSndLj-Y53aaTnQlZxveIKtJzb_3nldtiNBLKci0PO72R= 9VGu$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...HUN...JKL...MRX...OHX...RLX...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...OHRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 37518172 37438128 36948165 36218284 35598397=20
    35058554 34838649 34658747 34928766 35418725=20
    36118569 36498462 36838364 37298250=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 2 05:41:41 2022
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    ------------=_1641102108-74861-2914
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    AWUS01 KWNH 020541
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-SCZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-ALZ000-021000-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0008
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    1240 AM EST Sun Jan 02 2022

    Areas affected...central/northern AL, northern GA, southeastern TN
    and the southern Appalachians

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 020539Z - 021000Z

    Summary...Localized flash flooding will be possible across
    central/northern AL into northern GA/southeastern TN and the
    southern Appalachians through 10Z. Training thunderstorms will be
    capable of producing 1-2 inches of rain in one hour and localized
    2 to 3 inch totals.

    Discussion...05Z surface observations placed a cold front
    extending southwestward from eastern TN into a low just east of
    1M4 in northern AL and then southwestward through central MS/LA.
    Regional radar imagery showed a narrow line of thunderstorms
    coincident with the front across AL into MS, along with prefrontal
    convection growing in coverage over south-central MS since 04Z.
    MLCAPE ahead of the cold front in AL/MS was 500-1500 J/kg
    according to the 05Z SPC mesoanalysis and GPS measured
    precipitable water values were 1.5 to 1.7 inches. This environment
    has already supported hourly rainfall totals of 1-2 inches via
    MRMS in north-central AL over the past 1-2 hours.

    Subtle height falls ahead of a longwave trough over the
    central/southern Plains and lift within the right entrance region
    of a 150-170 kt upper level jet max over the lower/middle MS
    Valley should provide the necessary lift to support the continued
    expansion of thunderstorms from MS into AL ahead of the cold
    front. Given deeper-layer mean flow directing storms from
    southwest to northeast, parallel to the frontal boundary, short
    term training of storms is likely. While the cold front is
    forecast to be progressive toward the southeast through 10Z,
    prefrontal convection combined with heavy rain associated with the
    cold front itself might allow enough of a duration of heavy rain
    over a given location to allow for 2-3 inches in 2-3 hours time.
    Flash flood guidance is as low as 2+ inches in 3 hours for
    northern AL/GA into the southern Appalachians. Therefore, some
    flash flooding will be possible over the next few hours, although
    coverage should remain limited.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!oXmaqvd_xl1obzYSp8RozThBpoQHVWVr7-BmwC8fx9Gv-JIlsMCbj-fkeqFrP_Fa9dBX= SuzF$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...BMX...FFC...GSP...HUN...MRX...

    ATTN...RFC...LMRFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 35908353 35608288 35108269 34428306 33208538=20
    32438707 32428761 32708798 33128796 33738766=20
    34378704 34798624 35648449=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 00:26:25 2022
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    ------------=_1641169590-74861-3525
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    AWUS01 KWNH 030026
    FFGMPD
    ORZ000-WAZ000-030953-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0009
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    724 PM EST Sun Jan 02 2022

    Areas affected...Southwest WA and Western OR

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 030023Z - 030953Z

    Summary...Rain rates are expected to increase across the
    discussion area as a front makes southeastward progress along the
    WA/OR coastline this evening. Hourly rainfall totals periodically
    exceeding 0.5" (and possibly as high as 1") are expected, which
    could cause localized flooding issues through the overnight hours.

    Discussion...Through the evening hours a front will continue to
    push southeast towards and down the Oregon coastline. Low level
    wind fields are quite impressive with this system...with 850mb
    winds around 80kts. Winds in the 850-700mb layer are expected to
    be over the climatological 99th percentile for early January. PWs
    are below the 90th percentile, thus not all that anomalous for a
    precipitation event. Nonetheless, the strong wind fields still
    push IVT towards the 90th percentile with this system.

    The well defined frontal boundary is expected to be accompanied by
    a relatively narrow corridor of moderate to locally heavy
    rainfall, with a thunderstorm or two even possible. The convective
    nature of this frontal rain, combined with orographic ascent from
    the very strong south southwesterly low level flow, will still
    support a heavy rainfall risk despite the marginal PWs.

    Recent HRRR runs and the 18z HREF indicate hourly rains locally
    exceeding 0.5" along portions of southwest WA and coastal
    OR...potentially beginning by 01z and slowly shifting southward
    down the coast through the overnight hours. In fact high res
    guidance indicates some potential for hourly amounts of around 1"
    on a localized basis if embedded heavier convective elements are
    able to move ashore along the frontal axis. Rainfall totals of
    2-3", locally higher, are expected through the overnight hours.

    Given the potential of higher rainfall rates, along with some
    melting snow pack over the region...localized areas of flooding
    appear possible through the overnight hours across the outlook
    area.

    Chenard

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pYxLj84soFziiPUdkYbjB-YvZ7YC_unheEbb3ijZKd1z0a0xGD1pZbKh1z4KEMkmEMny= Xtr3$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...PQR...SEW...

    ATTN...RFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 46682344 46552299 46092291 45452301 44632352=20
    44082393 44302417 44892418 46182420 46602399=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 06:58:42 2022
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    ------------=_1641193127-74861-3719
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    AWUS01 KWNH 030658
    FFGMPD
    NCZ000-SCZ000-031255-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0010
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    157 AM EST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Areas affected...western NC/SC border into central/northern NC

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall...Flash flooding possible

    Valid 030656Z - 031255Z

    Summary...Localized to scattered areas of flash flooding will be
    possible from the western SC/NC border into central and northern
    NC through 12Z. Rainfall totals of 1 to 1.5 inches in an hour and
    2-3 inches in 2-3 hours are expected.

    Discussion...GOES East water vapor imagery showed a powerful
    shortwave trough/closed low crossing from AL into GA at 06Z,
    beginning to take on a negative tilt, while regional radar imagery
    identified scattered showers and thunderstorms ahead of the
    shortwave over GA and SC. 06Z surface observations placed a 1001
    mb surface low in northern GA with a cold front extending
    southward into the Gulf of Mexico and a warm front extending
    eastward across southern SC. In response to strong forcing ahead
    of the shortwave, the surface low has deepened roughly 1 mb/hr
    since 00Z. A narrow plume of 1.5 to 1.7 inch precipitable water
    values was located just ahead of the cold front over eastern GA
    into southern SC along with 500-1000 J/kg of instability just
    south of the warm front.

    The closed mid-upper level low is expected to continue tracking
    ENE over the next 6 hours or so, with the surface low continuing
    to deepen in tandem. The gradient along the warm front is likely
    to strengthen as an axis of strong frontogenesis sets up over
    central NC by 10Z. Strong low level moisture transport just ahead
    of the cold front will supply the northward advection of moisture
    and instability into and across the axis of strong low level
    convergence along the frontal boundary, with increasing coverage
    of showers and a few thunderstorms through 12Z within a narrow
    region of elevated instability north of the surface warm front.
    Favorable upper level diffluence and divergence will track across
    the Mid-Atlantic region within a coupled jet entrance/exit region
    as forecast by the RAP, further enhancing lift. Hourly rainfall
    totals of 1 to 1.5 inches are expected to develop just ahead of
    the surface low through 09Z, spreading eastward along/ahead of the
    warm front through 12Z with an axis of quick moving but repeating
    rounds of heavy rain tracking along the boundary. Localized to
    scattered flash flooding will be possible, perhaps more so in
    urban areas and other locations with poor drainage.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!pqGGveImcbjZP0KOw_iTDomRh4j5NlWzDk6KwY7PwE1TR-nfJts_TRn-RkzXuJVvUJgB= 8DDf$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...AKQ...GSP...MHX...RAH...RNK...

    ATTN...RFC...SERFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 36547753 36417699 35917717 35497789 35267965=20
    35248073 34868174 34948225 35188234 35708208=20
    36018152 36198104 36308030 36357972 36497824=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20


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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 3 09:53:16 2022
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    ------------=_1641203601-74861-3814
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    AWUS01 KWNH 030953
    FFGMPD
    CAZ000-ORZ000-032100-

    Mesoscale Precipitation Discussion 0011
    NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
    452 AM EST Mon Jan 03 2022

    Areas affected...western/southwestern OR into northwestern CA

    Concerning...Heavy rainfall

    Valid 030951Z - 032100Z

    Summary...Heavy rain will impact the Coastal Ranges of western and
    southwestern OR into northwestern CA through 21Z. Localized 12
    hour totals of 3 to just over 4 inches can be expected, with the
    probability of higher rates lowering as a cold front reaches CA
    later today.

    Discussion...GOES West water vapor imagery through 09Z showed a
    large closed low in the Gulf of Alaska slowly working south. At
    the surface, a well defined cold front was analyzed just past
    Astoria, OR, draping southwestward into the eastern Pacific.
    Strong low level flow was estimated just ahead of the cold front
    with RAP analysis data showing south-southwesterly winds at 850 mb
    between 80-85 kt along the central to southwestern OR coast, just
    ahead of the cold front. While precipitable water values were a
    modest 0.6 to 0.8 inches within the moisture plume that was in
    place ahead of the cold front, strong low level flow was allowing
    for a small but potent plume of IVT near 700 kg/m/s. The locally
    increased IVT values within the prefrontal moisture plume were
    combined with weak instability (up to 250 J/kg), which has helped
    to support observed rainfall rates between 0.7 and 0.9 in/hr in
    northwestern OR earlier in the night.

    Short term forecasts from the RAP and GFS take the cold front
    steadily southward along the West Coast through 21Z. However, the
    magnitude of IVT is likely near peak at the current time (09-10Z)
    with forecasts showing weakening of the 850 mb flow through 12Z
    along the southwestern OR coast. As the southeastern fringes of
    the closed low edge closer to the coast, cooling in the 900-600 mb
    layer will support shallow CAPE profiles up to 250 J/kg to as far
    south as northern Curry County through 18Z. While low level winds
    will weaken from their present values, 850 mb winds are still
    forecast to be in the 40-50 kt range along the northwestern CA
    coast along with some veering toward the WSW by 21Z.

    The takeaway message will be the continued potential for 0.5 to
    1.0 in/hr rainfall rates translating southward along the OR coast
    early this morning, with the potential for 0.5+ in/hr rates
    continuing into northwestern CA by early afternoon. Lower snow
    levels inland will keep the threat for heavy rain focused to the
    Coastal Ranges where 12 hour rainfall potential of 3 to 4 inches
    will exist, although a localized 5 inch total cannot be completely
    ruled out through 21Z. Localized flooding may result from the
    intense rainfall.

    Otto

    ...Please see https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov__;!!= DZ3fjg!rTWvLHguBRWb3iz86iYfWU0ZpAMGqOh3VArOSltcQWMgeDgwZBJwtrzTKPbDfY4qVM8u= eoi6$ for graphic product...

    ATTN...WFO...EKA...MFR...PQR...

    ATTN...RFC...CNRFC...NWRFC...NWC...

    LAT...LON 44712396 44642355 44342350 43702373 43152370=20
    42732372 42272356 41702341 41102353 40632351=20
    40072401 39902436 40422466 41262456 42872488=20
    43822458 44592437=20


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